25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is an active hormone in human primary prostatic stromal cells.
Lou YR, Laaksi I, Syvälä H, Bläuer M, Tammela TL, Ylikomi T, Tuohimaa P.
FASEB J. 2004 Feb;18(2):332-4. Epub 2003 Dec 4.
PMID: 14657005
"June 21, 2006 | Michael O'Riordan
Rome, Italy - One of the possible ways in which long-chain omega-3 fatty acids play a role in decreasing cardiovascular events is by entering advanced atherosclerotic plaques. According to the results of a new study, investigators were able to show that the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) into advanced plaque was associated with a decreased expression of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) involved in causing plaque instability, as well as with decreased plaque inflammation.
These are results of the Omacor Carotid Endarterectomy Intervention (OCEAN) study, presented here this week at the International Symposium on Atherosclerosis by Dr Philip Calder (University of Southampton, UK).
"By increasing the availability of omega-3 fatty acids, they appear in advanced atherosclerotic plaques, indicated in this study by the carotid artery, and this results in lower numbers of macrophages, foam cells, and T cells, as well as the lower expression of inflammatory markers," said Calder. "Histologically, this results in a plaque that appears to be less inflamed and more stable. This may contribute to reduced mortality in patients consuming omega-3 fatty acids, for example, in the GISSI Prevenzione trial.""
Dietary long-chain (n-3) fatty acids facilitate immune cell activation in sedentary, but not exercise-trained rats.
Robinson LE, Field CJ.
J Nutr. 1998 Mar;128(3):498-504.
PMID: 9482755
Protein plays a litany of roles in living systems: structural elements, peptide hormones, cell recognition, antibodies… the list is staggering and continues to grow as our understanding of biology expands. What, however, is the role of dietary protein i