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March 7, 2005 Boston, MA - The anti-inflammatory effect of fish oils appears to be due to a powerful anti-inflammatory compound called resolvin (resolution-phase interaction product) E1, which is produced from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Dr Makoto Arita (Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA) and colleagues report in the March 7, 2005 issue of the Journal of Experimental Medicine [1]. Arita writes, "At nanomolar levels, resolvin E1 dramatically reduced dermal inflammation, peritonitis, dendritic cell migration, and interleukin (IL)-12 production.

Novel chemical mediators in the resolution of inflammation: resolvins and protectins. Serhan CN. Anesthesiol Clin. 2006 Jun;24(2):341-64. Review. PMID: 16927933

Rapid appearance of resolvin precursors in inflammatory exudates: novel mechanisms in resolution. Kasuga K, Yang R, Porter TF, Agrawal N, Petasis NA, Irimia D, Toner M, Serhan CN. J Immunol. 2008 Dec 15;181(12):8677-87. PMID: 19050288

The contributions of aspirin and microbial oxygenase to the biosynthesis of anti-inflammatory resolvins: novel oxygenase products from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Arita M, Clish CB, Serhan CN. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Dec 9;338(1):149-57. Epub 2005 Aug 10. Review. PMID: 16112645 doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.07.181    

An endogenous regulator of inflammation, resolvin E1, modulates osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Herrera BS, Ohira T, Gao L, Omori K, Yang R, Zhu M, Muscara MN, Serhan CN, Van Dyke TE, Gyurko R. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Dec;155(8):1214-23. Epub 2008 Sep 22. PMID: 18806821

Resolvin E1 selectively interacts with leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 and ChemR23 to regulate inflammation. Arita M, Ohira T, Sun YP, Elangovan S, Chiang N, Serhan CN. J Immunol. 2007 Mar 15;178(6):3912-7. PMID: 17339491

Resolving inflammation: dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators. Serhan CN, Chiang N, Van Dyke TE. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 May;8(5):349-61. Review. PMID: 18437155 doi:10.1038/nri2294

Controlling the resolution of acute inflammation: a new genus of dual anti-inflammatory and proresolving mediators. Serhan CN. J Periodontol. 2008 Aug;79(8 Suppl):1520-6. Review. PMID: 18673006 doi:10.1902/jop.2008.080231

Novel omega -- 3-derived local mediators in anti-inflammation and resolution. Serhan CN. Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jan;105(1):7-21. Review. PMID: 15626453 doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.09.002

The relationship between the fatty acid composition of immune cells and their function. Calder PC. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2008 Sep-Nov;79(3-5):101-8. Epub 2008 Oct 23. Review. PMID: 18951005 doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2008.09.016

Maresins: novel macrophage mediators with potent antiinflammatory and proresolving actions. Serhan CN, Yang R, Martinod K, Kasuga K, Pillai PS, Porter TF, Oh SF, Spite M. J Exp Med. 2009 Jan 16;206(1):15-23. Epub 2008 Dec 22. PMID: 19103881 doi:10.1084/jem.20081880