At first the Muslim
world held little concern for
the fledgling kingdom, but as the twelfth century progressed, the kingdom's
Muslim neighbours were united by Nur ad-Din and Saladin, who vigorously began to recapture lost
territory. Jerusalem itself was
lost to Saladin in 1187, and by the thirteenth century the Kingdom was reduced
to a few cities along the Mediterranean coast. In this period, the kingdom,
sometimes referred to as the "Kingdom of Acre", was ruled by the Lusignan dynasty of
the crusader Kingdom
of Cyprus, and ties were also strengthened with Tripoli, Antioch, and
Armenia. The kingdom was also increasingly dominated by the Italian
city-states of Venice and Genoa, as well as the imperial ambitions of
the Holy Roman
Emperors. The kingdom became little more than a pawn in the politics and
warfare of the Ayyubid and Mamluk dynasties in Egypt, as well as the Khwarezmian and Mongol invaders. The
Mamluk sultans Baibars and al-Ashraf Khalil
eventually reconquered all the remaining crusader strongholds, culminating in
the destruction of Acre in 1291