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Quite simply, cognition refers to thinking. There are the obvious applications of conscious reasoning-doing taxes, playing chess, deconstructing Macbeth -but thought takes many subtler forms, such as interpreting sensory input, guiding physical actions, and empathizing with others. The old metaphor for human cognition was the computer-a logical information-processing machine.

Most of us wish we could improve certain things about ourselves. Lasting change is difficult-many of our habits are deeply ingrained, and certain core personality attributes may be immutable. But many more things can be changed.

Smokers Die About a Decade Earlier on Average Jan. 23, 2013 -- Women who smoke are now just as likely to die of lung cancer and other smoking-related diseases as men -- and smokers of both sexes die, on average, about a decade earlier than non-smokers.

Migraine Triggers May Not Always Trigger Migraines Jan. 23, 2013 -- Worrying about what may trigger a migraine attack adds to the discomfort of many people with migraines. But according to a new study from Denmark, much of that worry may be unfounded.

Hearing Loss Linked to Mental Decline in Elderly Jan. 22, 2013 -- Hearing loss and mental decline are two common conditions of aging, and now a new study finds that they may be related. Older people with hearing deficits were more likely than those with normal hearing to develop problems with memory and thinking over the course of the study.

To begin this process, it is helpful to think of these destructive thoughts as being like the parasites that keep you in bed when you're sick with the flu. Don't listen to these attacks when they tell you not to pursue your goals, to isolate yourself, or to forego an activity you enjoy.

WHAT does self-awareness have to do with a restaurant empire? A tennis championship? Or a rock star's dream? David Chang's experience is instructive. Mr. Chang is an internationally renowned, award-winning Korean-American chef, restaurateur and owner of the Momofuku restaurant group with eight restaurants from Toronto to Sydney, and other thriving enterprises, including bakeries and bars, a PBS TV show, guest spots on HBO's "Treme" and a foodie magazine, Lucky Peach.

I have a history of depression, though thankfully I haven't had an episode in almost ten years. I turned my mood around by making major changes in my personal and professional life, and will tell you more about that in another post.