HyperLinkedDIS

p.13 24/7 SMS service consortium (2009): Alliance Library System, SJSU, TAP Information Services, Bradley University, South Central Regional Library Council & Altarama Information Systems. Article includes statistics on cell phone usage & texting from 2007 Pew Internet & American Life Project survey ("58 percent of Americans surveyed have sent or received text messages") and 2008 Student Monitor survey ("nearly nine in ten students own a cellular telephone"; "students spend 37.8 percent of their cellphone usage time texting")

-utilization of SMS reference services can establish a connection with patrons, and establish the library is receptive to new ideas -limitations to SMS services can be overcome -length: use URL shorteners or multiple texts, or use one text to invite the patron to call for a longer answer -SMS shorthand can be learned/acquired -SMS staffing can be an issue, but can be handled at multiple access points *people's changing perceptions of access and networking make SMS reference more feasible. *users want short pieces of info more frequently, perfect for the SMS format *with the rise of smartphones, URL shortened links can be sent and accessed immediately

Women text more than men; Black and Hispanic people text more than whites; lower income households text the most; those with less than high school education text more

-73% of adults text at least at some time. Young adults text the most. Black and Hispanic persons text and call more often than whites. *texting is a simple form of communication, embraced more readily by people of lower socio-economic status/minority status... *but why? The prevalence of pay-as-you-go plans which include all forms of communication with purchase? Younger people/lower-income w/ bad credit/minorities are more likely to use these *using SMS to conduct reference/chat/info seeking habits of YAs

p.252 No clear distinction between questions that may challenge librarians' comfort levels and those that cannot be answered for truly technical reasons; typically answered in 2-4 hours p256 "reference" questions take longer; p.258 where a "thank you" was received, on average, was three times faster than the response time for no "thank you"; 8% were from users in the library.

*SMS reference services perhaps another way to reinforce social media weak links? -SMS services not as quick and pointed as previously expected, but instead could take as much time as any other transaction *But, are they more convenient?? Texting allows response in user's time! -" What all of these differences indicate is that users and librarians both treat SMS as a reference conversation in which both parties are willing to invest texts and time."

-although the FB site exists based on real-world information, the author of this paper states FB creates a "hyper-real" environment where both positive and negative elements are accentuated to an hyper-real extent -"To aid in this "perpetual connectivity," "Facebook" is now a pervasive verb, and the site that was formerly a mirror of "actuality" is now an outlet for virtuality-requiring active user participation." (3) *does FB change how we connect, or do we mold FB to our uses? (this paper focuses on teens) -ideas of semiotics and FB are tantalizing *how to signal profile and commonality among groups *veracity too

look elsewhere for text

-SNSs change the meaning and perception of popularity *popular people maintain/increase popularity while less-popular have a chance to create new identities -perception of attractiveness still matters re profile pic and albums *libraries need to be conscious of brand and marketing. Create a unified brand which is easily recognizable across the SNSs. *visual aspects of the profile are just as key as content. In a world dominated by SNSs, appearance matters -SNSs have also changed people's method and expectations of communication

create a social media strategy via a website by answering questions

-stickiness vs persistence: "the probability of adoption based on one or more exposures vs the relative extent to which repeated exposures to a hashtag continue to have significant marginal effects" -"complex contagion": a principle from sociology, which posits that repeated exposures to an idea are particularly crucial when the idea is in some way controversial/contentious" -how does information spread? And why do some info streams allow the dissemination of info more easily than others? -political/controversial hashtags have more stickiness -Twitter created idioms either stick or die out quickly *even if they stick, they wither with time and exposure unless they enter into the popular lexicon, crossing the barrier

not online anymore. Search later.

same as infographic posted above, basically -56% of Americans think its irresponsible to friend your boss 83% of women are ignored by their FB friends -avg user spends 7 hrs 46 min/month on FB -FB links about sex are shared 90% more than average -Top liked pages: FB, Eminem, Texas Hold-em Poker, Rihanna, YouTube -Top non-Internet liked brands: Coke, Oreos, Disney, MTV, Starbucks -is FB skewed more Dem? Obama has 23 million likes, nearest Repub (Sarah Palin) has 3.1 m likes

-"An interdisciplinary approach that brings together views and expertise from sociology, urban studies, interaction design, and related disciplines will assist with efforts to facilitate urban neighborhood community building, social inclusion, public consultation and debate, fair access to local information and services, urban sustainability, and healthier local economies." (66) *this interdisciplinary approach can work for libraries too! -""portfolio of sociability"" (67) *collection of virtual tools that help to establish and maintain connections (both close, weak and latent) -"The Internet has not substituted but supplemented off-line interaction with online interaction...the Internet as well as mobile communication devices such as mobile phones, laptops, and personal digital assistants (PDA) allow people to maintain social ties in different ways by taking advantage of new features." (67) *people use these devices to strengthen already existing ties, not create new ones, mostly -"Wellman argues that, while people become more accustomed with the features these tools offer, the nature of the social ties that people establish and maintain changes from "door-to-door" and "place-to-place" relationships to "person-to-person" and "role-to-role" relationships. He creates a holistic theoretical framework that builds on the dual nature in the interplay between community and the individual. He describes the emerging qualities of this behavior as networked individualism." (67) *as location becomes less important, networks become more important. People are less attracted to that which is in their geographical area, and more inclined to seek out like-minded people in similar areas of interest

-"The act of reappropriation (e.g., from the professional use of a pager to the social use of SMS) implies that there are opportunities to design and develop purpose-built systems from the ground up, which, instead of merely trying to make ends meet, take the unique requirements into account of the social- and place-based context in which they are used. (67) *tech can be re-purposed to market and develop community ties *people used to have to deal with geographical restrictions, and created social networks from geography, not interest or desire. This led, for some people, to an atrophying of interests, due to lack of community. SNSs allow people to find other people with shared interests, and develop them. Libraries can assist in shared communities over SNSs by providing links and resources to a variety of information. -"Place and proximity continue to matter in every socioeconomic context, because there are no Internet applications that can completely substitute real-time, co-located, face-to-face interaction" (68) *engage them online, bring them into the library proper *neighborhood ties still matter, but now they are place-independent. While proximity matters for some interactions, the majority of social ties can be maintained independently of physical location

-In the absence of a common enemy, a shared purpose or a pre-existing village-like atmosphere, are there other reasons and motivations for social encounters to occur and for the formation of residential networks in urban neighborhoods? (72) *the idea of urban tribes, still loosely held together by geography but now also united by common interest (people can find each other in large cities) -"The findings of these sociological studies provide essential insights for a new design methodology that can guide the successful development of interactive systems and devices that can stimulate local interaction and animate urban neighborhoods." (73) *bring people to libraries! (even if they just visit online at an eBranch) *in order to be effective, people must participate in the design and implementation of the project. They have to have a voice. *no more one-way channels of broadcasting, there has to be communication and an exchange of ideas between institution and people in order to foster that sense of community *where the author talks about the size, growth and critical mass of the perceived system, he is talking about FB (refers to it as an "urban tribe incubator")

recheck... can't get the whole article through FSU now

*(substitute every reference of teacher with Library) *some disclosure online translates into more involved participants *when students engaged with teacher online and teacher had some level of self-disclosure on the profile, the students were more motivated and happy *libraries need to have a level of self-disclosure with the posters, without crossing the line into TMI *there needs to be an adjustment for multiple users of a network, so its not confusing or the voices become muddled (our solution, we post and add short signature at end when personal remarks are made)

-"Student perceptions of a teacher's credibility and their reports of motivation and affective learning may also be affected by what the teacher discloses on Facebook. The number of photographs and the amount of information provided on the virtual social network may positively or negatively alter student perceptions" -"The decision whether and when to disclose private information is rule-based and determined by a variety of criteria including culture, motivation, individual differences, situations, and gender. Teachers may intentionally or unintentionally utilize these criteria to decide whether or not to disclose in the classroom. Guided by new technology in this student-dominated virtual social network, teachers can purposefully limit the amount of personal information they disclose on their Facebook website (much like face-to-face interaction in the classroom) to be seen in a positive light among their students" *manage the social networks properly in order to gain social capital, and strengthen latent ties into weak ones

-"Certain forms of face-to-face self-disclosure can have disastrous effects on teacher credibility; however, the nature of computer-mediated communication allows teachers to determine how they appear on Facebook. In other words, teachers can strategically reveal pictures, quotes, and personal information that present them as competent and trustworthy instructors who have the students' best interests in mind. Scholars should explore how certain forms of mediated self-disclosure, such as photographs, personal beliefs, and relationship status, affects student perceptions of teacher credibility. Future research must also explore if a curvilinear relationship exists in terms of teacher self-disclosure on Facebook. In other words, can teacher self-disclosure reach an exceedingly high level and result in negative student perceptions?" -" In addition, scholars should examine how students' perceptions differ if teachers self-disclose on their university-housed personal websites or Facebook websites." *the area of sharing and the how of sharing is related. But will personal and professional social media accounts, and the level of sharing on each, also be affected?

-Opt-in marketing is permission marketing (ways for users to monitor and control spam) *gives people a sense of control over social media! *permissions/subscription access on FB, for example *simple, easy and user-friendly (requires a one-click only) *marketing is marketing, however its defined -opt-ins give privileged access to consumers *(can create a channel for feedback and reward) -" with digital permission marketing, you can have your cake and eat it too. Just as consumers communicate with each other via social and mobile media, so should brands and consumers"

-inbound media creates dialogue *facilitated by social media, the perfect place for two-way conversations between products and consumers -inbound marketing focuses on earning a person's attention *has to be consumer oriented or directed, can't be done blindly or scattershot -earning vs pushing *finding vs seeking *marketer seeks to educate/entertain vs marketer pushes product blindly -inbound marketing uses social media and content marketing (eBooks, podcasts, blogs) -when done right, the viral potential of the marketing campaign can be substantial, which increases SEO and hits, which improves ranking *plus inbound marketing is cheaper!

no longer online. Search more

-"what patterns of connectivity emerge among group members because of the ties they maintain and the media they use" (127)

Sept 2011: 78% have Internet at home, 61% have broadband at home; 83% of all adults have mobile devices and 73% of adult cell owners use text messaging at least occasionally; 35% own smartphones; 64% of cell phone users send photos or videos and 55% access social networking sites; 60% of cell phone users who are on Twitter use the cell phone to access Twitter. "New media are the new neighborhood." 48% of those active in groups say group has a social networking page on site such as Facebook; 42% say group uses text messaging; 30% say group has own blog; 16% say group uses Twitter.

*the new neighborhood is online. How to maintain relationships there? What is the library's role? "Sentry? Evaluator?" *each social network has its own etiquette, thus its own way of bridging and maintaining "social capital" *with the explosion of "creators and niches", how to remain relevant and visible? *if in the "information ecosystem" we are all alone together, then how do libraries fit? Lurking in the background, or always a friendly presence just around the corner? *technology allows the time to better-connected with groups... less effort to maintain social capital

as advances in technology increase, so does the importance of social networks in everyday lives. "Together we are more alone than ever" means that as we can carry our networks with us, and latent or weak connections become more important.