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Garth Holman

http://edsitement.neh.gov/sites/edsitement.neh.gov/files/Black_Death.swf - 0 views

edsitement.neh.gov/...Black_Death.swf

quest10 black death medieval plague

shared by Garth Holman on 31 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • Garth Holman on 31 Mar 16
     
    Interactive map that shows spread of the Plague.
Yuke Z

Medieval Warfare - 1 views

www.medievalwarfare.info

medieval warfare

shared by Yuke Z on 25 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • New weapons technology prompted new defensive technologies, for example the introduction of cross-bows led quickly to the adoption of plate armour rather than chain mail.
  • Siege Towers Battering Rams Cats and Weasels Chemical, Biological and Psychological Warfare Mining: undermining castle walls
  • Siege Towers
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • One way to foil the approach of a belfry was to have sloping castle walls. This forced the attackers to cover a greater distance from the top of the belfry to the top of the castle wall. This was one of the benefits of a talus.
  • This gave the ram much greater travel so that it could achieve a greater speed before striking its target and was therefore more destructive.
  • Some battering rams were supported by rollers.
  • a battering ram is just a large, heavy log carried by several people and propelled with force against the target, the momentum of the ram damaging the target.
  • defenders attempted to foil battering rams by dropping obstacles in front of the ram just before it hit a wall, using grappling hooks to immobilize the log, setting the ram on fire, or sallying out to attack the ram. Battering rams had an important effect on the evolution of defensive walls - the talus for example was one way of reinforcing walls. In practice, wooden gates would generally offer the easiest targets.
  • Greek fire was a burning-liquid used as a weapon of war by the Byzantines, and also by Arabs, Chinese, and Mongols. I
  • As a defence, water alone was ineffective. On land sand could be used to stop the burning . Intriguingly it is also known that vinegar and urine were effective
  • Medieval warriors also used basic biological weapons, for example catapulting dead and diseased animals into a defended fortress to help spread disease.
  • For example would have mad armour suitable for a man of several times normal size. He would then leave a few samples laying around the scene of his victories against the Persians. After he had gone Persians would find this armour and were were soon spreading stories of Alexander's superhuman giant soldiers.
  • Other examples of psychological warfare include making loud noises (an old Celtic practice) and catapulting the severed heads of captured enemies back into the enemy camp.
  • Defenders in castles under siege might prop up dummies beside the walls to make it look like there were more defenders than there really were. They might throw food from the walls to show besiegers that provisions were plentifu
  • A"mine" was a tunnel dug to destabilise and bring down castles and other fortifications. The technique could be used only when the fortification was not built on solid rock. It was developed as a response to stone built castles that could not be burned like earlier-style wooden forts.
  • Medieval Battle Equipment & Weapons
  • Wet animal hides were highly effective against burning arrows
  • Yuke Z on 06 Mar 12
     
    Weapons
Kalina P

Cold War - History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts - 0 views

www.history.com/cold-war

cold war history

shared by Kalina P on 20 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • “containment.”
  • President Harry Truman (1884-1972) agreed. “It must be the policy of the United States,” he declared before Congress in 1947, “to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation…by outside pressures.”
  • deadly "arms race
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • Soviets tested an atom bomb of their own. In response, President Truman announced
  • that the United States would build an even more destructive atomic weapon: the hydrogen bomb, or "superbomb." Stalin followed suit.
  • the nuclear age could be. It created a 25-square-mile fireball that vaporized an island, blew a huge hole in the ocean floor and had the power to destroy half of Manhattan. Subsequent American and Soviet tests spewed poisonous radioactive waste into the atmosphere.
  • ever-present threat of nuclear annihilation had a great impact on American domestic life as well. People built bomb shelters in their backyards
  • attack drills in schools and other public places
  • Cold War was a constant presence in Americans’ everyday lives.
  • first man-made object to be placed into the Earth's orbit.
  • Sputnik
  • 1958, the U.S. launched its own satellite, Explorer I, designed by the U.S. Army
  • Space Race was underwa
  • creating the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), a federal agency dedicated to space exploration, as well as several programs seeking to exploit the military potential of space. Still, the Soviets were one step ahead, launching the first man into space in April 1961.
  • U.S. would land a man on the moon by the end of the decade. His prediction came true on July 20, 1969, when Neil Armstrong of NASA’s Apollo 11 mission, became the first man to set food on the moon, effectively winning the Space Race for the Americans.
  • hearings designed to show that communist subversion in the United States was alive and well.
  • forced hundreds of people who worked in the movie industry to renounce left-wing political beliefs and testify against one another. More than 500 people lost their jobs. Many of these "blacklisted" writers, directors, actors and others were unable to work again for more than a decade
  • include anyone who worked in the federal government. Thousands of federal employees were investigated, fired and even prosecuted. As this anticommunist hysteria spread throughout the 1950s, liberal college professors lost their jobs, people were asked to testify against colleagues and "loyalty oaths" became commonplace.
  • military action of the Cold War began when the Soviet-backed North Korean People’s Army invaded its pro-Western neighbor to the south
  • but the war dragged to a stalemate and ended in 1953.
  • . The Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961 and the Cuban missile crisis the following year seemed to prove that the real communist threat now lay in the unstable, postcolonial "Third World" Nowhere was this more apparent than in Vietnam, where the collapse of the French colonial regime had led to a struggle between the American-backed nationalist Ngo Dinh Diem in the south and the communist nationalist Ho Chi Minh in the north. Since the 1950s, the United States had been committed to the survival of an anticommunist government in the re
  • new approach to international relations.
  • Cold War heated up again under President Ronald Reagan (1911-2004). Like many leaders of his generation, Reagan believed that the spread of communism anywhere threatened freedom everywher
  • nstead of viewing the world as a hostile, "bi-polar" place, he suggested, why not use diplomacy instead of military action to create more poles? To that end, he encouraged the United Nations to recognize the communist Chinese government and, after a trip there in 1972, began to establish diplomatic relations with Beijing. At the same time, he adopted a policy of "détente"–"relaxation"–toward the Soviet Union. In 1972, he and Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982) signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I), which prohibited the manufacture of nuclear missiles by both sides and took a step toward reducing the decades-old threat of nuclear war.
  • , he worked to provide financial and military aid to anticommunist governments and insurgencies around the worl
  • redefined Russia's relationship to the rest of the world: "glasnost," or political openness, and "perestroika," or economic reform
  • the Berlin Wall–the most visible symbol of the decades-long Cold War–was finally destroyed, just over two years after Reagan had challenged the Soviet premier in a speech at Brandenburg Gate in Berlin: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall." By 1991, the Soviet Union itself had fallen apart. The Cold War was over.
Garth Holman

Black Death wasn't spread by fleas | The Japan Times - 0 views

www.japantimes.co.jp/...ck-death-wasnt-spread-by-fleas

shared by Garth Holman on 31 Mar 14 - No Cached
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 31 Mar 14
       
      Pneumonic = air born  Bubonic = close contact to infected individual 
  • antibiotics can prevent the disease from becoming pneumonic.
Garth Holman

Biological Warfare at the 1346 Siege of Caffa - Volume 8, Number 9-September 2002 - Eme... - 0 views

wwwnc.cdc.gov/...01-0536_article.htm

Blackdeath quest10

shared by Garth Holman on 29 May 14 - No Cached
  • Garth Holman on 29 May 14
     
    "that the Mongol army hurled plague-infected cadavers into the besieged Crimean city of Caffa, thereby transmitting the disease to the inhabitants; and that fleeing survivors of the siege spread plague from Caffa to the Mediterranean Basin."
dcs-armstrong

Alexander The Great | Smore - 2 views

www.smore.com/h76fk-alexander-the-great

shared by dcs-armstrong on 25 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • ost successful military commanders
  • Pella ,Gr
  • her,P
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Although
  • ral.Alexa
  • e , ri
  • covered 3,000
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 25 Nov 14
       
      I think an addition of a map either here or in the first paragraph showing all of the land he was able to conquer using modern day countries ex. Spain, Egypt 
  • miles
  • age of 20!!!.
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 25 Nov 14
       
      What about adding another heading like Alexander the Great's Legacy? Then in there you can talk about the Hellenistic culture that he helped spread throughout the empire. 
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 25 Nov 14
       
      Rather than talking about the specific battles maybe talk about how he used the spread of Greek culture, along with other cultures to help make hi successful. He was also able to encourage loyalty through his actions towards religion (I don't want to say much here because I think you will find it interesting and I don't want to ruin it for you :) 
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 25 Nov 14
       
      I like the video I haven't looked at any of the others but this is one is pretty good. 
    • Dana N
      Dana N on 25 Nov 14
       
      Thank you for the advice and thanks for reading this and telling me the mistakes. Thank you very much!!
mrs. b.

Alexander the Great [ushistory.org] - 1 views

www.ushistory.org/5g.asp

shared by mrs. b. on 21 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • A great conqueror, in 13 short years he amassed the largest empire in the entire ancient world — an empire that covered 3,000 miles.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Nov 14
       
      That is a big as the United States from NY to LA! 
    • Kanrry K
      Kanrry K on 24 Nov 14
       
      4,000 miles less than the amount of miles it would take to get from Chicago to Shanghai,China.
  • Not bad for a kid who became the King of Macedon at the age of 20.
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • Many of Alexander's accomplishments were made possible by his father, Philip of Macedon.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Nov 14
       
      Reminds me of the Quote by Albert Einstein "A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving"  WE ALL NEED HELP TO GET WHERE WE ARE GOING! 
  • In 338 B.C.E., King Philip of Macedon invaded and conquered the Greek city-states. Philip took advantage of the fact that the Greek city-states were divided by years of squabbling and infighting. Philip succeeded in doing what years of fighting between city-states had not done. He united Greece.
  • Alexander's the Great's tutor was the Greek philosopher Aristotle.
  • For years, the massive Persian Empire threatened the very existence of the Greek way of life
  • Alexander, took the throne in 336 B.C.E., he vowed to complete the plans of his father. In 334 B.C.E., Alexander invaded Persia, which lay across the Aegean Sea in Asia Minor
  • Alexander smashed the Persian armies at the Tigris River and conquered the mighty Persian Empire, including the legendary city of Babylon. For many Greeks, this victory marked a moment of sweet revenge against a bitter foe
  • at the age of 25, Alexander ruled an expansive empire
  • Alexander conquered Egypt and founded a city at the mouth of the Nile River.
  • ntil he reached India and the Indus River in 326 B.C.E. At this point, his exhausted troops refused to fight further.
  • Without the support of his army, Alexander had no choice but to turn back and begin consolidating and organizing his far-flung empire. On his way home, Alexander died from disease in 323 B.C.E.
  • First, his father was able to unite the Greek city-states, and Alexander destroyed the Persian Empire forever. More importantly, Alexander's conquests spread Greek culture, also known as Hellenism, across his empire.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Nov 14
       
      Key Is cultural Diffusion: spreading of Greek Culture around the globe.  THIS IS CALLED HELLENISM
  • Without Alexander's ambition, Greek ideas and culture might well have remained confined to Greece.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Nov 14
       
      So, in a way did he save WESTERN CIVILIZATION? 
  • without the benefit of modern technology
    • Kanrry K
      Kanrry K on 24 Nov 14
       
      That's pretty impressive!
    • Samuel H
      Samuel H on 19 Nov 15
       
      So impressive.
    • Ariel L
      Ariel L on 19 Nov 15
       
      That is just flat down awesome!!!
  • in 13 short years he amassed the largest empire in the entire ancient world
  • Alexander's reign marked the beginning of a new era known as the Hellenistic Age
  • mrs. b. on 30 Nov 15
     
    Brief history of Alexander the Great
Garth Holman

History of Timbuktu, Mali - 6 views

www.timbuktufoundation.org/history.html

WestAfrica Timbuktu

shared by Garth Holman on 04 May 12 - Cached
  • The popular statement, " From here to Timbuktu." conjures up images of remote, isolated and distant parts of this earth. Very few people are aware of this ancient city's location, and fewer still ascribe any kind of civilization to this historic area. Timbuktu is located in the western African nation of Mali at the edge of the sahara.
  • The historic town of Timbuktu is located at the precise point where the Niger flows northward into the southern edge of the desert. As a result of its unique geographical position, Timbuktu has been a natural meeting point of Songhai, Wangara,Fulani, Tuareg and Arabs. According to the inhabitants of Timbuku, gold came from the south, the salt from the north and the Divine knowledge, from Timbuktu. Timbuktu is also the cross-road where "the camel met the canoe." It is to this privilege position that the city owes much of its historical dynamism. From the 11th century and onward, Timbuktu became an important port where goods from West Africa and North Africa were traded.
  • Goods coming the Mediterranean shores and salt were traded in Timbuktu for gold. The prosperity of the city attracted both black scholars, blacks merchants and Arabs traders from North Africa. Salt, books and gold were very much in demand at that time.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • he first constructions in Timbuktu were designed by African architects from Djenne and later on by Muslim architects from North Africa. Trade and knowledge were at their height.
  • Timbuktu became a celebrated center of Islamic learning and a commercial establishment. Timbuktu had three universities and 180 Quranic schools. These universities were the Sankore University, Jingaray Ber University and Sidi Yahya University. This was the golden age of Africa. Books were not only written in Timbuktu, but they were also imported and copied there. There was an advanced local book copying industry in the city. The universities and private libraries contained unparalleled scholarly works. The famous scholar of Timbuktu Ahmad Baba who was among those forcibly exiled in Morocco claimed that his library of 1600 books had been plundered, and that his library, according to him, was one of the smaller in the city.
  • The booming economy of Timbuktu attracted the attention of the Emperor of Mali, Mansa Mussa (1307-1332) also known as “Kan Kan Mussa.” He captured the city in 1325. As a Muslim, Mansa Mussa was impressed with the Islamic legacy of Timbuktu. On his return from Mecca, Mansa Mussa brought with him an Egyptian architect by the name of Abu Es Haq Es Saheli.
  • The Emperor also brought Arabs scholars to Timbuktu. To his great surprise, the Emperor has found that these scholars are underqualified compared to the black scholars of Timbuktu
  • Mansa Mussa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 had made Mali known worldwide. The great rulertook 60,000 porters with him. Each porter carried 3 kilograms of pure gold, that is, 180,000 kilograms or at least 180 tons of gold (Reference: Volume IV UNESCO General History of Africa, pages 197-200). He had so much gold with him that when he stopped in Egypt, the Egyptian currency lost its value and as result, the name of Mali and Timbuktu appeared on the 14th century world map.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 May 12
       
      Who would take notice of all this gold?  
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 May 12
       
      Where camel met the canoe.  What does this mean? 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 May 12
       
      Key items traded? 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 May 12
       
      Spread of Islam.  How did Timbuktu help Islam take hold in Africa?  How did Mansa Mussa Help spread the word about Timbuktu?
Matilda M

Christianity A History "Rome" 1/3 - YouTube - 0 views

www.youtube.com/watch

shared by Matilda M on 27 Nov 12 - No Cached
    • Matilda M
      Matilda M on 27 Nov 12
       
      A video about the spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire.
Dinah M.

Spread of Christianity - 1 views

www.youtube.com/watch

shared by Dinah M. on 28 Nov 12 - No Cached
Srinivas P

Spread of christianity in Rome - 0 views

History ancient rome christianity

started by Srinivas P on 26 Nov 12 no follow-up yet
Kalina P

The Thomas Paine Society - Common Sense - 1 views

www.thomaspainesociety.org/common_sense.html

thomas paine Common Sense American Revolution

shared by Kalina P on 26 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • e most important piece of writing of the American Revolution
  • , there was still talk of reconciliation among the colonists.
  • against the monarchy and British domination spread like wildfire throughout the colonies and turned the public tide toward independence. General George Washington wrote to a friend in Massachusetts: "I find that Common Sense is working a powerful change there in the minds of many men. Few pamphlets have had so dramatic an effect on political events."
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • write in plain language
  • accessible to colonists rich and poor.
  • powerful, dramatic and often scathing -- especially when describing the monarchy. Paine described the kings of England as mere usurpers who, like criminals, had seized power by force:
  • sold over one hundred fifty thousand copies in its first printing
  • profits instead turning his share over to the American cause. *
  • irrefutable argument for separation from England
  • revolution as not only achievable but inevitable.
  •   The cause of America is, in a great measure, the cause of all mankind. Many circumstances have, and will arise, which are not local, but universal, and through which the principles of all lovers of mankind are affected, and in the event of which, their affections are interested. The laying a country desolate with fire and sword, declaring war against the natural rights of all mankind, and extirpating the defenders thereof from the face of the earth, is the concern of every man to whom nature hath given the power of feeling; of which class, regardless of party censure is.
cglosser c

Protestant Reformation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Protestant_Reformation

shared by cglosser c on 03 May 13 - Cached
  • rotes
  • The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century schism within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants.
  • The largest of the new churches were the Lutherans
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • This, as well as many other factors, such as spread of Renaissance ideas and inventions, such as the invention of the printing press, and the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire, contributed to the creation of Protestantism.[1][page needed][2][page needed]
  • It was sparked by the 1517 posting of Luther's Ninety-Five Theses.
  • The Reformation was precipitated by earlier events within Europe, such as the Black Death and the Western Schism, which eroded people's faith in the Catholic Church and the Papacy that governed it.
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      Martin Luther had followers in the Reformation.
  • The Protestant Reformation was the schism within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other early Protestants
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      The church faced big problems.
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      This man's name was Martin Luther. He is an important figure in the Reformation.
  • Religious situation in Europe
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      Peasants were involved in the Reformation as well.
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      Martin Luther made a bible of his own.
  • george S on 05 May 13
     
    Informational text on the reformation 
  • cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
     
    This is a wikipedia article explaining the Reformation.
Garth Holman

HISTORY OF FEUDALISM - 0 views

www.historyworld.net/...plaintexthistories.asp

middle Ages Feudalism church spread

shared by Garth Holman on 30 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Garth Holman on 30 Jan 13
     
    "The top players in feudal Europe come from a small group of people - an aristocracy, based on skill in battle, with a shared commitment to a form of Christianity (at once power-hungry and idealistic) in which the pope in Rome has special powers as God's representative on earth. As a great feudal lord with moral pretensions, holding the ring between secular sovereigns, the pope can be seen as Europe's headmaster. Bishops and abbots are part of the small feudal aristocracy, for they are mostly recruited from the noble families holding the great fiefs. Indeed bishops can often be found on the battlefield, fighting it out with with the best. As in any other context, the strongest argument in feudalism - transcending the niceties of loyalty - is naked force. The Normans in England or in Sicily rule by right of conquest, and feudal disputes are regularly resolved in battle. But feudalism also provides many varieties of justification for force. And the possession of a good justification is almost as reassuring to a knight as a good suit of armour. One excellent excuse for warfare is the approval of the church. In 1059 the pope virtually commands the Normans to attack Sicily, by giving them feudal rights over territory not as yet theirs. Similarly Rome lets it be known that the Holy See is on the side of William when he invades England in 1066. Another important form of justification is a dynastic claim to a territory. Generations of marriages, carefully arranged for material gain, result in an immensely complex web of relationships - reflected often in kingdoms of very surprising shape on the map of Europe.
Angela Pettigrew

V I K I N G   I N V A S I O N - 2 views

www.vikinginvasion.org/history.html

Viking Invasion

shared by Angela Pettigrew on 14 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • The Vikings were more than just bloodthirsty raiders
  • The Norse (or Northmen) were farmers, traders, craftsmen, and musicians, as well as, feared warriors.
  • For almost 400 years the Norse spread across most of Europe and were the first Europeans to set foot on North American soil
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • The Viking Age ended as violently as it began, at the Battle of Hastings, between the King of Norway, Harald III Sigurdsson (Haraldr harðráði), and Harold Godwinson King of the Anglo-Saxons.
  • The true Vikings were those who traveled on their dreaded long ships and fought in wars, raids, or just for survival.
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