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" Boundary object (BO), originally introduced by Starr (1989), is a concept to refer to objects that serve an interface between different communities of practice. Boundary objects are an entity shared by several different communities but viewed or used differently by each of them. As Star points out, boundary objects in an organization work because they necessarily contain sufficient detail to be understandable by both parties, however, neither party is required to understand the full context of use by the other - boundary objects serve as point of mediation and negotiation around intent. Boundary objects are flexible enough to adapt to local needs and have different distinct identities in different communities, but at the same time robust enough to maintain a common identity across the boundaries to be a place for shared work. Boundary objects are not necessarily physical artifacts such as a map between two people: they can be a set of information, conversations, interests, rules, plans, contracts, or even persons. It is around BOs that Communities of Practice (CoPs) often gather. BOs are 'used' by members of different communities in very different ways, although the representation is shared. BOs are an important class of knowledge artifacts. They are center stage in the dynamics of knowledge exchange. BOs are also known as CISs (common information spaces). Examples: Reports are a classic example of traces as boundary objects that the professionals and other members share. Faxed documents and email massages are also the boundary object among distributed members. Information spaces, where particpants gather to exchange information, co-ordinate activites and create knowledge are another example of BOs A library catalog, an order entry process, travel assistance request form, an organizational knowledge map, i.e. one of the products from your knowledge mapping project! Mapping BOs: Boundary objects are a very useful way to structure and

post from Half an Hour: excellent explanation of how connectivist moocs work, what the difference is between them and x or wrapped moocs and what open is In this presentation Stephen Downes addresses the question of how massive open online courses (MOOCs) will impact the future of distance education. The presentation considers in some detail the nature and purpose of a MOOC in contrast with traditional distance education. He argues that MOOCs represent the resurgence of community-based learning and will describe how distance education institutions will share MOOCs with each other and will supplement online interaction with community-based resources and services. The phenomenon of 'wrapped MOOCs' will be described, and Downes will outline several examples of local support for global MOOCs. 

The Global Learning Objects Brokered Exchange (GLOBE) is an international consortium that strives to make shared online learning resources available to educators and students around the world. The consortium provides a distributed network of learning objects that meet quality standards. GLOBE aims to connect the world and unlock the 'deep web' of quality online educational resources through brokering relationships with content providers.

When writing effective test questions, it's important to focus on writing an objective test. Ideally, add at least one test question for each Learning Object and ensure that question addresses the learning objective.

Stephen Downes on the future of e-learning: personalised learning, networks and PLEs amongst much else

Introduction to Concept Mapping Used as a learning and teaching technique, concept mapping visually illustrates the relationships between concepts and ideas. Often represented in circles or boxes, concepts are linked by words and phrases that explain the connection between the ideas, helping students organize and structure their thoughts to further understand information and discover new relationships. Most concept maps represent a hierarchical structure, with the overall, broad concept first with connected sub-topics, more specific concepts, following. Concept Map Example Definition of a Concept Map A concept map is a type of graphic organizer used to help students organize and represent knowledge of a subject. Concept maps begin with a main idea (or concept) and then branch out to show how that main idea can be broken down into specific topics. Benefits of Concept Mapping Concept mapping serves several purposes for learners: Helping students brainstorm and generate new ideas Encouraging students to discover new concepts and the propositions that connect them Allowing students to more clearly communicate ideas, thoughts and information Helping students integrate new concepts with older concepts Enabling students to gain enhanced knowledge of any topic and evaluate the information How to Build a Concept Map Concept maps are typically hierarchical, with the subordinate concepts stemming from the main concept or idea. This type of graphic organizer however, always allows change and new concepts to be added. The Rubber Sheet Analogy states that concept positions on a map can continuously change, while always maintaining the same relationship with the other ideas on the map. Start with a main idea, topic, or issue to focus on. A helpful way to determine the context of your concept map is to choose a focus question-something that needs to be solved or a conclusion that needs to be reached. Once a topic or question is

This is a useful site that helps you set learning objectives and differentiate. http://ictmagic.wikispaces.com/Cross+Curricular

Most business Entrepreneurs and Data Scientists can disclose how to triumph with (AI) and ML, yet rarely anyone can share to fail with such technologies. While the innovation is solid and publicised   there is a lot of ways to fall flat with AI. Let's talk about nine innovative approaches to censure any AI startup to bankruptcy. #1 Cut R&D expenses AI requires heavy expenditure in cutting-edge research, experimentation, advanced computing, and computing infrastructure. Any AI startup willing to create helpful AI innovations needs to spend a lot of money on innovative work (R&D). To scale down expenses in this area, cutting R&D expenses will rapidly make way to failure. #2 Technology Bubble operation Technology is confined to the social condition in which it is created. Technology never sustains itself but other various important aspects. AI has failed a few times since the commencement of computer science not for technical reasons but as a result of an absence of social need and interest at that point. Experience has taught that AI advancements can't be made in isolation from the social conditions that make them important (like medical care, Health analysis, and money). It is quite crucial to first engineer people to persuade them. Before designing the actual technology, visionaries and business visionaries convince them to suspend their questions and embrace the novelty and utility of disruptive ideas. Working in a bubble and overlooking the current necessities of society is a certain way to failure. #3 Prioritize Technology over business technique Only technology isn't enough to make progress, regardless of how strong it is. In the end, Tech startups also need a great strategy to succeed in being a business entity. Any startup that comes up short on a technique for recognizing objective business sectors, generating sales, and viably allotting and spending resources, yet gives need only to their technical resources, is destined to fail rapidly.

This is a really useful online book linking learning objects to theories etc

"If you are asked to teach a lesson, you should have the materials for classroom teaching and learning objectives that will be used in home tuition titiwangsa."

A great flash game where players must shoot a ball into a hole and use the magnets to help you. There is lots of science to learn in this game including about magnets, gravity and the orbits of space objects. http://ictmagic.wikispaces.com/Science

A site that collects pop-culture video clips of single words which you type. Use it for an interesting twist to giving instructions or a learning objective.

As technology evolves and its inner workings increasingly disappear from view, replaced with solid-state parts hidden by glass, aluminium and plastic, our understanding of what makes the world operate is similarly impeded. When machinery from just a few decades ago is viewed a world of moving parts, linkages, cogs and levers is revealed. These mechanical objects contain an inherent beauty and inspire curiosity in ways that modern devices with their pristine surfaces and simplified design language do not. Opportunities to explore devices from the past open our eyes and lead us to new questions of how our devices function, how machines do the jobs we need them to do and how engineers solve problems.

Recently many of our Year Six students have been involved in projects that require them to utilise the brain of a maker. Facing challenges involving the exploration of how everyday objects are manufactured and while responding to their 'Genius Hour' ambitions they are facing a new set of problems and discovering the joy that comes from solving these with their hands as much as their brains.