Sites that are 'local' in the sense that they are made in one context and culture, but visited by other cultures
Category 2 Sites that are 'international' or designed specifically for cross cultural participation. (See Figure 1.)
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AJET 16(1) McLoughlin and Oliver (2000) - cultural inclusivity - indigenous online lear... - 0 views
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cultural variations in interpreting and communicating information are influenced by pedagogical and instructional design decisions, and the cultural dimensions of learning must be constantly problematised and not marginalised (Wild & Henderson, 1997).
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Learning is a process of social action and engagement involving ways of thinking, doing and communicating;
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the inclusive or perspectives approach which imports the social, cultural and historical perspectives of minority groups, but does not challenge the dominant culture and is therefore cosmetic;
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the inverted curriculum approach which attempts to design an instructional component from the minority perspective but fails to provide the learners with educationally valid experiences as it does not admit them into the mainstream culture;
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the culturally unidimensional approach which excludes or denies cultural diversity and assumes that educational experiences are the same for minority students as they are for others.
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Adopt an epistemology that is consistent with, and supportive of constructivist learning and multiple perspectives.
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Create access to varied resources to ensure multiple perspectives. This can be achieved by moving away from instructivist approaches where all texts are prescribed by the teacher to constructive approaches where learners actively add to the resources by posting new URL's, suggesting additional resources of interest and discussing alternatives through the bulletin boards. For indigenous learners the creation and inclusion of the indigenous perspectives is an important dimension and a means of recognising and integrating cultural knowledge.
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Culturally inclusive Web based environments should provide learning activities, supportive contexts, and learning processes that allow for inclusivity and flexibility, while offering learners a scaffolded, structured learning environment. To achieve this balance, instructional designers need to move beyond the narrowly prescriptive boundaries of current instructional design models. It is proposed that a multiple cultural model of design that caters for diversity, flexibility and cultural inclusivity in the design process affirms the social and cultural dimensions of constructed meaning.
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Adult Education FAQS - 0 views
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Dunn and Griggs (2000) offer us another definition: “Learning style addresses the biological uniqueness and developmental changes that make one person learn differently from another. Individuals do change in the way they learn…Similarly, developmental aspects relate to how we learn but, more predictable, follow a recognizable pattern.” (p. 136)
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Understanding our perceptual style will help us to seek information arranged in the way that we process most directly.
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nsist of the following: 1. Environmental (Sound, Light, Temperature, Design) 2. Emotional (Motivation, Persistence, Responsibility, Structure) 3. Sociological (Self, Pair, Peers, Team, Adult, Varied) 4. Physiological (Perceptual, Intake, Time, Mobility) 5. Psychological (Global/Analytic, Hemisphericity, Impulsive/Reflective)
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The Dunn and Dunn Learning-Style Model is a comprehensive and extensive model that incorporates many internal and external factors in the learner’s environment to create an optimal learning experience.
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ccording to Kolb, the learning cycle involves four processes that must be present for learning to occur
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Concrete Experience: Feeling/Sensing; being involved in a new experience Reflective Observation: Watching; developing observations about own experience Abstract Conceptualization: Thinking; creating theories to explain observations
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Diverger: combines preferences for experiencing and reflecting Assimilator: combines preferences for reflecting and thinking Converger: combines preferences for thinking and doing Accommodator: combines preferences for doing and experiencing
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IIER 20(2): Khine and Hayes - Investigating women's ways of knowing: An exploratory stu... - 0 views
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Personal epistemological beliefs, one's beliefs about the nature and acquisition of knowledge, and their role in the learning process have become a focus of a growing body research in recent years. Studies show that a person's epistemological beliefs play an important role in their intellectual development as well as in learning specific subjects (Hofer, 2008)
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Baxter Magolda (1992) describes ways of knowing as being "related to, but not dictated by gender" (p.8)
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Their subjects described five ways of knowing - received knowledge, subjective knowledge, constructed knowledge, procedural knowledge, all similar to those of Perry, and silence. From their data Belenky et al. distilled these five epistemological positions down to focus on two: preprocedural and procedural knowing, which corresponded to 'relativism' in Perry's scheme. In 1986 this work culminated in the publication of "Women's ways of knowing: The development of self, voice and mind".
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Importantly, they saw that CK and SK scores were not related to performance and thus concluded that 'ways of knowing' were more reflective of a learning style or approach rather than a reflection of ability or intellectual capacity (Gallotti et al., 1999)
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Research in personal epistemology looks into ways of knowing, focusing on the nature of knowledge (certainty, structure and source of knowledge) and beliefs about learning (speed and ability to learn). The exploration of different learning or cognitive styles and in particular the relationship between gender and epistemological beliefs in tertiary education contexts is an area of much current research focus.
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Students' separate knowing and connected knowing scores, however, did predict preferences for different kinds of teaching.
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Separate knowing scores were always higher in males whereas females had always higher connected knowing scores. The connected and separate knowing scores of males were not significantly different, whereas females typically showed significantly higher connected scores.
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, learning occurs in different ways for different people in different situations, and may be affected by the learning styles of others who are present. According to Gallotti et al. (1999), students tend to prefer teachers whose style reflects their own. Schommer-Aikens and Easter (2006) find it likely that teachers' personal epistemological paradigms would impact on their decisions about forms of instruction, curriculum and evaluation. Should this be the case, an awareness on the part of the teacher and the learners of the predominant or favoured ways of knowing within a learning context might be seen as a useful tool in designing classroom activities which take into account student diversity.
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Learning to know - 0 views
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since knowledge is multifarious and capable of virtually infinite development, any attempt to know everything becomes more and more pointless
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icate with other people. Regarded as an end, it is underpinned by the pleasure that can be derived from understanding, knowledge and discovery. That aspect of learning is typically enjoyed by researchers, but good teaching can help everyone to enjoy it. Even if study for its own sake is a dying pursuit with so much emphasis
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giving students the tools, ideas and reference methods which are the product of leading-edge science and the contemporary paradigms.
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Learning to know implies learning how to learn by developing one's concentration, memory skills and ability to think
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Center of Learning: Summary - 0 views
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The nature of the learning process: McCombs and Whisler (1997) defined the learning process as a natural one of pursuing personally meaningful goals. This process is active, volitional, and internally mediated.
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It is a process of discovering and constructing meaning from information and experience, filtered through each learner’s unique perceptions, thoughts, and feelings (p. 5
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Motivational influences on learning: These influences reflect the importance of learner beliefs, values, interests, goals, expectations for success, and emotional states of mind in producing either positive or negative motivations to learn.
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The continuing impulse to learn is characterized by "intense involvement, curiosity and a search for understanding as learners experience learning as a deeply personal and continuing agenda” (Oldfather, 1992, p. 8).
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Thus a student-centered curriculum teaches each learner to select and sequence his own activities and materials (individualization); arranges for students to center on and teach each other (interaction); and interweaves all symbolized and symbolizing subjects so that the student can effectively synthesize knowledge structures in his own mind (integration). (Moffett & Wagner, 1992, p. 21)
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students develop a sense of their active roles as producers – not only consumers of knowledge. They perceive themselves as competent knowers and learners
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Types of Learning - 0 views
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Acquisition is the conscious choice to learn. Material in this category is relevant to the learner. This method includes exploring, experimenting, self-instruction, inquiry, and general curiosity. Currently, acquisition accounts for about 20% of what we learn.
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Emergence is the result of patterning, structuring and the construction of new ideas and meanings that did not exist before, but which emerge from the brain through thoughtful reflection, insight and creative expression or group interactions
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Appendix G - Crosscutting Concepts FINAL edited 4.10.13.pdf - 1 views
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Classrooms: Goals, Structures, and Student Motivation - 0 views
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shared by lkryder on 22 Jun 14
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Differentiating Instruction: Meeting Students Where They Are, Teaching Today, Glencoe O... - 1 views
www.glencoe.com/...di_meeting.phtml
differentiation Instruction Differentiated Instruction education differentiatedinstruction Differentiated Teaching
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Differentiated instruction is an instructional theory that allows teachers to face this challenge by taking diverse student factors into account when planning and delivering instruction. Based on this theory, teachers can structure learning environments that address the variety of learning styles, interests, and abilities found within a classroom.
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ISTE Standards Essential Conditions - 0 views
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oactive leadership in developing a shared vision for educational technology among all education stakeholders, including teachers and support staff, school and district administrators, teacher educators, students, parents, and the community Empowered Leaders Stakeholders at every level empowered to be leaders in effecting change Implementation Planning A systemic plan aligned with a shared vision for school effectiveness and student learning through the infusion of information and communication technology (ICT) and digital learning resources Consistent and Adequate Funding Ongoing funding to support technology infrastructure, personnel, digital resources, and staff development Equitable Access Robust and reliable access to current and emerging technologies and digital resources, with connectivity for all students, teachers, staff, and school leaders Skilled Personnel Educators, support staff, and other leaders skilled in the selection and effective use of appropriate ICT resources Ongoing Professional Learning Technology-related professional learning plans and opportunities with dedicated time to practice and share ideas Technical Support Consistent and reliable assistance for maintaining, renewing, and using ICT and digital learning resources Curriculum Framework Content standards and related digital curriculum resources that are aligned with and support digital age learning and work Student-Centered Learning Planning, teaching, and assessment centered around the needs and abilities of students Assessment and Evaluation Continuous assessment of teaching, learning, and leadership, and evaluation of the use of ICT and digital resources Engaged Communities Partnerships and collaboration within communities to support and fund the use of ICT and digital learning resources Support Policies Policies, financial plans, accountability measures, and incentive structures to support the use of ICT and other digital resources for learning and in district school operations Supportive External Context Policies and initiatives at the national, regional, and local levels to support schools and teacher preparation programs in the effective implementation of technology for achieving curriculum and learning technology (ICT) standards
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Proactive leadership in developing a shared vision for educational technology among all education stakeholders, including teachers and support staff, school and district administrators, teacher educators, students, parents, and the community
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Large Group Collaboration with Gapps - EdTechTeam - 0 views
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Self-regulation and teacher-student relationships. - Free Online Library - 1 views
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sed with gatekeeping. It is essential, therefore, to establish a consensus on a conceptual and theoretical underpinning un·der·pin·ning n.1. Material or masonry used to support a structure, such as a wall.2. A support or foundation. Often used in the plural.3. Informal The human legs. Often used in the plural. for effective teaching. This review is designed
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elf-regulation is the process by which individuals make their plans, act upon those plans, and self-evaluate the results.
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he more autonomous the individual the more intrinsic the self-regulation. Student achievement also improves when students are intrinsically motivated and when teachers are autonomy supportive (
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The importance of this project within the context of education is due to the capacity that teachers have to positively or negatively affect student motivation, self-regulation, autonomy, and ultimately, performance
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he payoff or incentive for doing the project proposed in this study is at least in part to avoid the cost of not doing it, not to mention that student learning and success are enhanced. Higher education higher educationStudy beyond the level of secondary education. Institutions of higher education include not only colleges and universities but also professional schools in such fields as law, theology, medicine, business, music, and art. achievement has a direct payoff in terms of careers and productivity for the state, and by implementing this program students will not only become productive members of society, they will be doing so because they want to.
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ound that caring relationships, meaningful participation, and high standards in a student's life across home, school, and community, as well as student intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies, predicted decreased risk for delinquency delinquencyCriminal behaviour carried out by a juvenile. Young males make up the bulk of the delinquent population (about 80% in the U.S.) in all countries in which the behaviour is reported. ..... Click the link for more information., substance abuse, teen pregnancy, truancy and violence.
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since effective teaching and mentoring helps students to explore their world with a sense of trust and autonomy, toward the ultimate goal of fully intrinsic self-regulation and improved academic achievement and success.
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he purpose of this review, therefore, was to establish such a theory, by pulling together educational psychology and psychological theories around an analysis of effective teacher-student relationships. The goal of this project is to help teachers and to help students. It is also hoped that these findings will be used to resolve historical tensions between education and psychology
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Online Course Design - 0 views
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So establishing teaching presence is what all the designers, Alex, and even I, am doing when we make decisions about the content of the course, the types of activities we want to include, the tools we would like to use, how we want to assess, how we provide channels for providing and managing feedback, how we want to induct students into the course, how we want to wrap up the course….Basically – everything!
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From planning, to execution, to assessment, to revision. So this is why developing a course is an “iterative process”.
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And nothing happens by chance. Everything happens by deliberate design. And I am seeing how this is happening.
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People are important, so… (make decisions, plan activities, evaluate, discard, adapt, iterate, etc.) Thinking is important, so ….(make decisions, plan activities, evaluate, discard, adapt, iterate, etc.) Learning is important, so….. Content knowledge is important, so… Skills are important, so…
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From this, I have learnt that it is perfectly fine to change your mind, as long as you have solid justification. This was also a useful reminder abot the importance of accurately matching the number of objectives with activities. A designer needs to avoid creating an objective that has no activity, and an activity with no objective, as can sometimes happen through oversight.
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“You need to rethink lots of things, to be open to possibilities, opportunities to options, then you’re more likely to be successful,” says Alex. This kind of openness does not happen as a matter of course. It has to begin with an awareness. This attitude of being open to possibilities, opportunities and options has to be actively worked upon. I failed to understand this at first. So I found it perplexing that Alex would pursue what I thought was a trivial line of discussion. What do you think is not possible to teach and learn online? I volunteered several bright contributions. I was still unaware of the purpose of this apparently innocuous discussion. Of course now I know better. That discussion was supposed to challenge a closed mind. Because with a closed mind, we render ourselves unable to be open to possibilities, opportunities to options. A closed mind works against innovation, progress, improvement, expansion. This is a new frontier, and therefore the stance which can reap untold benefits and leanings should be “Let’s explore!” So the question we should be asking isn’t “What cannot be done?” but rather “How do I make this possible?”
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I need to be open to possibilities, opportunities, to options. I must put aside my prejudices and temporarily suspend “logical thinking” in favor of creative thinking.
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Designing an online course has been, for me, a truly transformative experience. It has allowed me not only to reexamine, reformulate and reassess, but to also move forward to innovate and in some ways, to reinvent myself as a teacher.
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I was therefore quite relieved Alex confirmed what I had feared. I was packing in too much. Even before even before Alex provided her completely justified feedback that my course was too packed (“for you Joy, less is more!”)
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An online environment is different from a f2f setting. Being able to state it in a theoretical way is not the same as understanding it and translating it into practice. Of course I knew the theory. But when the time came for application in the design of the online course, my knowledge did not transfer well into practical application. This is one of the main problems when there is a failure of the student to successfully transfer learning, which is basically one of great challenges of teaching. So basically, what I did initially did was to replicate my f2f activities directly into my online classroom.
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As I feared, and Alex confirmed, this large amount of group work puts a strain on the students and also poses too many logistic difficulties. Perhaps one or two group work activities might work, but not several in each module. It is unrealistic. So I have learnt, in a very concrete and hands-on way, that designing for my online classroom in this instance is different from designing for my face-to face classroom.
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Once again, I am reminded that theory and practice need mutual reinforcement. Understanding the theory is one thing. Transferring the theoretical knowledge into action requires experience, reflection, and feedback from others.
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Having experienced a wonderful sense of community, and seeing how it is done, I do feel that I have a fair idea of the basic ingredients that go into creating a sense of community. However, Alex has set a high, high standard, and I don’t know I have the energy to sustain the community building effort, even if I knew how to do it!
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this is a process
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My present ideas never look like version 1! The result is that the ideas I handed up in the proposed learning activities resemble very little of what I actually have now
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Confucius
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In short – let the students do the work. This is the best way to learn. This principle, I think, has been demonstrated in this course. And I intend to pursue it in my own course. I see the value of giving the students both structure and space.