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phomeleloselala5

LeBlanc: Military handguns of the 1800s - 1 views

www.yourconroenews.com/...guns-of-the-1800s-17534405.php

PM Selala 221079320 History2A

shared by phomeleloselala5 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • LeBlanc: Military handguns of the 1800sLarry J LeBlanc, Courier Outdoors WriterOct. 26, 2022Updated: Oct. 26, 2022 9:50 a.m. Facebook Twitter Email Comments This 1851 Colt Navy with powder, balls and percussion caps was the state of the art of it's day.Larry J. LeBlanc
Thandeka TSHABALALA

The case for Africans: The role of slaves and masters in emancipation on the gold coast... - 1 views

www.tandfonline.com/...01440390008575298

Thandeka Constance Tshabalala 220124101

shared by Thandeka TSHABALALA on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. People also read Recommended articles Cited by 2
    • Thandeka TSHABALALA
      Thandeka TSHABALALA on 26 Apr 23
       
      Slavery existed in various forms in the Gold Coast before the arrival of Europeans. In some societies, slaves were treated as members of the family and could even rise to positions of power, while in others they were seen as little more than property. The arrival of Europeans and the demand for slaves for the transatlantic trade led to an increase in the number of slaves taken from the region.
    • Thandeka TSHABALALA
      Thandeka TSHABALALA on 26 Apr 23
       
      The transatlantic slave trade was abolished in the 19th century, but the legacy of slavery and colonialism continues to shape the social and economic structures of many African countries, including Ghana.
  • ...2 more annotations...
    • Thandeka TSHABALALA
      Thandeka TSHABALALA on 26 Apr 23
       
      The Gold Coast, which is now modern-day Ghana, was a major center of the transatlantic slave trade during the 18th and 19th centuries
    • Thandeka TSHABALALA
      Thandeka TSHABALALA on 26 Apr 23
       
      Europeans established trading posts along the coast, where they exchanged goods such as textiles, firearms, and alcohol for African captives who were then transported across the Atlantic to work as slaves in the Americas.
  • cinderellaochu on 06 May 23
     
    Only the preview page is displayed.
ujhistprof

Continuous Assessment Guide HIS2A 2023(1).pdf - 11 views

Natasha Erlank This is what you have to do

shared by ujhistprof on 23 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • A primary source from the Gale Collection. We will cover this in the lecture on 6 March. WE WILL UPLOAD A SCREENSHOT TUTORIAL SHOWING YOU HOW TO USE GALE. You need to choose a primary source relating to a particular topic (you will be assigned a topic). You will need to download this source and attach it to Diigo. You will need to annotate the portion of it that relates to your topic.
  • A journal article that relates to the historical content of your topic, through JSTOR. JSTOR is accessible through the library website and you need to log in. You need to post the article you find to Diigo, and not just a screenshot of it. You will need to annotate the portion of it that relates to your topic.
  • A journal article that relates to the historical content of your topic, through TAYLOR AND FRANCIS. TAYLOR AND FRANCIS is accessible through the library website and you need to log in. You need to post the article you find to Diigo, and not just a screenshot of it. You will need to annotate the portion of it that relates to your topic.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • 4. An image from the web which relates to the historical content of your topic. You will need to annotate the portion of it that relates to your topic.
  • 5. An article that concerns the historical content of your topic, but available freely on the web (ie newspaper article/ a popular piece of work/ a blog). You will need to annotate the portion of it that relates to your topic.
  • 5. An article that concerns the historical content of your topic, but available freely on the web (ie newspaper article/ a popular piece of work/ a blog). You will need to annotate the portion of it that relates to your topic.
  • ujhistprof on 23 Apr 23
     
    Hi everyone. Please consult these guidelines to your assignment. Many of you are posting the wrong things to Diigo. You don't need to post videos. Why are you posting videos? Don't forget to annotate.
sammycebekhulu03

Warfare, Political Leadership, and State Formation: The Case of the Zulu Kingdom, 1808-... - 2 views

Sambulo Cebekhulu

shared by sammycebekhulu03 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • sammycebekhulu03 on 26 Apr 23
     
    The Warfare, Political Leadership, and State Formation: The Case of the Zulu Kingdom, 1808-1879 is an academic article that explores the factors that contributed to the rise of the Zulu Kingdom in southern Africa during the 19th century. The article focuses on the role of warfare, leadership, and state formation in shaping the Zulu Kingdom, with particular attention paid to the reigns of King Shaka and King Cetshwayo. The author argues that the Zulu Kingdom's success was due to a combination of military innovation, political centralization, and diplomatic savvy. Moreover, the article analyzes the tensions that emerged between the Zulu Kingdom and the British Empire, leading to the eventual defeat of the Zulu Kingdom in 1879. Overall, the article offers insights into the complex dynamics of state formation in southern Africa during the 19th century, and highlights the importance of military and political factors in shaping the region's history.
sammycebekhulu03

The Warfare, Political Leadership, and State Formation: The Case of the Zulu Kingdom, 1... - 2 views

Sambulo Cebekhulu

shared by sammycebekhulu03 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • sammycebekhulu03 on 26 Apr 23
     
    The Warfare, Political Leadership, and State Formation: The Case of the Zulu Kingdom, 1808-1879 is an academic article that explores the factors that contributed to the rise of the Zulu Kingdom in southern Africa during the 19th century. The article focuses on the role of warfare, leadership, and state formation in shaping the Zulu Kingdom, with particular attention paid to the reigns of King Shaka and King Cetshwayo. The author argues that the Zulu Kingdom's success was due to a combination of military innovation, political centralization, and diplomatic savvy. Moreover, the article analyzes the tensions that emerged between the Zulu Kingdom and the British Empire, leading to the eventual defeat of the Zulu Kingdom in 1879. Overall, the article offers insights into the complex dynamics of state formation in southern Africa during the 19th century, and highlights the importance of military and political factors in shaping the region's history.
mtshiza221192212

9781107001343_frontmatter.pdf - 1 views

Phozisa Mtshiza

shared by mtshiza221192212 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • kinship, “b
    • mtshiza221192212
      mtshiza221192212 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Blood relationship
  • into a broader examination of slavery as an institution.
    • mtshiza221192212
      mtshiza221192212 on 26 Apr 23
       
      slavery was looked at as an organization founded for a religious or social purpose.
  • galitarian.
    • mtshiza221192212
      mtshiza221192212 on 26 Apr 23
       
      believing in or based on the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • gleefully
    • mtshiza221192212
      mtshiza221192212 on 26 Apr 23
       
      in an exuberantly or triumphantly joyful manner.
  • cowrie
    • mtshiza221192212
      mtshiza221192212 on 26 Apr 23
       
      a marine mollusc which has a glossy, brighthly patterned domed shell with a long, narrow opening
  • mtshiza221192212 on 26 Apr 23
     
    this is a history of slavery and the slave trade in Africa, the article covers from ancient civilization to the modern Era, the article explores different forms of slavery and the various factors that led to the rise and fall of slavery. the author analyzes the impact of European colonialism and the transatlantic slave trade on the African continent as well as the role of internal slavery in African societies. the article also explores economic, cultural, and political factors that influenced the development of slavery in Africa
  • cinderellaochu on 05 May 23
     
    Good journal article but not from the required source.
lmshengu

exploration of Africa - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help - 1 views

kids.britannica.com/...543378

Lwandile Mshengu History 2A

shared by lmshengu on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Archaeological
    • lmshengu
      lmshengu on 26 Apr 23
       
      it is the scientific study of material remains such as tools,pottery,jewelry,stone walls and monuments of past human life and activities.
  • The coasts of northern Africa were known to peoples of Europe and Asia since ancient times. Non-Africans later gained knowledge of the western, southern, and eastern coasts. However, the interior of Africa remained largely a mystery to foreigners until the mid-19th century. It was the last of the inhabited continents to be thoroughly explored by outsiders, along with Australia. Africa lies very close to southern Europe and even closer to the Middle East region of Asia. Nevertheless, Europeans explored the distant Americas first.
    • lmshengu
      lmshengu on 26 Apr 23
       
      The ancient inhabitants of Europe and Asia were aware of the northern African shores. Later, the western, southern, and eastern beaches were known to non-Africans. However, until the middle of the 19th century, the interior of Africa was mainly unknown to outsiders. Along with Australia, it was the last of the inhabited continents to be properly explored by outsiders. The Middle East region of Asia is even closer to Africa than it is to southern Europe. Nevertheless, the far-off Americas were first discovered by Europeans.
  • Africa posed several challenges to foreign explorers
    • lmshengu
      lmshengu on 26 Apr 23
       
      Many africans had faced several issues from the foreign explorers
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Mediterranean Sea.
    • lmshengu
      lmshengu on 26 Apr 23
       
      The mediterranean sea is a sea connected to the atlantic ocean, surrounded by the mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land on the north by southern europe and anatolia on the south by north africa and on the east by the levant in western asia.
  • fierce storms
    • lmshengu
      lmshengu on 26 Apr 23
       
      Fierce storms is a violent storm with extremely strong winds and heavy rain
  • Portugal’s exploring aims were largely commercial. The Portuguese wanted to find a sea route around Africa to the riches of Asia. Like other European powers, they wanted to trade directly in valuable Asian spices. The older trade routes to Asia were becoming increasingly blocked to them.
    • lmshengu
      lmshengu on 26 Apr 23
       
      Portuguese exploration mostly served commercial interests. The Portuguese sought a sea route from the riches of Asia around Africa. They desired to engage in direct trade in priceless Asian spices, much like other European powers. Older trade routes to Asia were getting more and more closed off to them.
  • The Portuguese wanted to end Muslim control over northern Africa. That desire was one of several reasons why Portugal explored the continent in the 15th century. Spreading Christianity in Africa was another motive for Portuguese exploration, along with scientific curiosity. They also sought great wealth.
  • The Portuguese also wanted to establish trade with western Africa. Gold, ivory, and African slaves had long been traded across the Sahara to Muslims in the north.
    • lmshengu
      lmshengu on 26 Apr 23
       
      Additionally, the Portuguese desired to open markets in western Africa. African slaves, gold, and ivory had long been traded with Muslims in the north across the Sahara.
  • By the time Henry died in 1460, his navigators had explored the coast as far south as Sierra Leone. For a time the Portuguese were busy fighting the Moroccans, and few exploring expeditions were sent out. John II became king of Portugal in 1481. Under John, the Portuguese once again began exploring Africa regularly
    • lmshengu
      lmshengu on 26 Apr 23
       
      By the time Henry passed away in 1460, his explorers had traveled as far south as Sierra Leone to investigate the coastline. Few exploration trips were sent out for a while since the Portuguese were preoccupied with fighting the Moroccans. Portugal's John II was crowned king in 1481. Under John, the Portuguese resumed frequent exploration of Africa.
  • stone pillar
    • lmshengu
      lmshengu on 26 Apr 23
       
      A stone pillar having a rectangular cross section tapering towards a pyramidal top.it is a landform, eisther of rock or earth.
  • For the next 15 years, Livingstone was constantly on the move in the African interior. First, he ventured north of Cape Town into the Kalahari, a vast dry plain. By 1842 he had already traveled farther north in the Kalahari than any other European. In 1844 he traveled to Mabotsa to establish a mission station. Along the way he was mauled by a lion, and his left arm was injured. The following year Livingstone married Moffat’s daughter Mary. She accompanied him on many of his travels.
    • lmshengu
      lmshengu on 26 Apr 23
       
      Livingstone moved about constantly throughout the interior of Africa for the following 15 years. He first traveled into the Kalahari, a large, dry desert, to the north of Cape Town. He had already traversed the Kalahari further north than any previous European by 1842. He went to Mabotsa in 1844 to start a mission station there. He was attacked by a lion along the route, which hurt his left arm. Livingstone wed Mary, Moffat's daughter, the following year. She traveled with him on many occasions.
  • Modern exploration of the Nile basin began when Egypt conquered Sudan starting in 1821. As a result, the Egyptians learned more about the courses of the Blue Nile and the White Nile. A Turkish officer, Selim Bimbashi, led three expeditions between 1839 and 1842. Two of them reached the point in what is now South Sudan where rapids make navigation of the Nile difficult.
    • lmshengu
      lmshengu on 26 Apr 23
       
      When Egypt seized control of Sudan beginning in 1821, modern exploration of the Nile basin began. The Egyptians gained deeper knowledge of the Blue Nile and White Nile's courses as a result. Between 1839 and 1842, Selim Bimbashi, a Turkish officer, was in charge of three expeditions. Two of them arrived at the spot where the Nile's navigation becomes challenging due to rapids in what is now South Sudan
leankid

Zulu war newspaper article | COVE - 3 views

editions.covecollective.org/...zulu-war-newspaper-article

Vusi Mukanse

shared by leankid on 22 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Zulu war newspaper article
    • wendymoyo
      wendymoyo on 22 Apr 23
       
      The newspaper article shows some of the events that took place between the British and the Zulu during the war
  • My poor sister Phyllis had just had her heart broken by that treacherous Mr. Darrell, and I was upstairs lying on my bed.
  • When her eyes met mine I saw the fear in her eyes shift to her hands and they trembled.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Nothing could have prepared me for what I read next, “terrible slaughter of British troops”. My heart sank,
  • During the Victorian era the British Empire was very active with campaigns through Africa and other parts of the world.
  • ut she had also lost a great deal of financial and social stability when she lost her fiancé.
  • British campaigns had a significant impact on women’s lives from disrupting family livelihood to the forceful migration of families.
  • This meant that women who did not have inheritable wealth were put at a significant disadvantage. The poorer women would usually have to move to areas to fit their financial situations while they attempted to provide for their children. These issues show why Lucy would have been terrified to have lost her fiancé, for reasons beyond emotional distress.
  • spheleletembe on 25 Apr 23
     
    The article reports on a significant defeat of British troops by Zulu warriors in the province of Natal on January 25, 1879. The battle took place at Isandlwana, where an entire British regiment was wiped out by the enemy. The British soldiers were caught off guard by the ferocity of the Zulu attack, causing panic and confusion among the troops. Despite valiant efforts to fight back, the British were unable to withstand the onslaught and were forced to retreat. The defeat at Isandlwana is a significant blow to British prestige in South Africa, and the loss of so many soldiers is a tragedy for their families and the nation as a whole.
  • khazimlasinobom on 26 Apr 23
     
    This article focuses on the day when the Zulu army attacked the British troops which was their first encounter. The commissioner asked for help in Mauritius as it would seem as if they are weak to their enemies which are colonizers. About 500 men died that day and the British asked for reinforcements as they lost everything including guns, arms, and wagons.
sammycebekhulu03

newspaper article on anglo zulu war.pdf - 0 views

shared by sammycebekhulu03 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • sammycebekhulu03 on 26 Apr 23
     
    Newspaper articles about the Anglo-Zulu War, which took place in 1879, varied depending on the publication and country of origin. British newspapers generally supported the British Empire's involvement in the conflict and portrayed the Zulu people as savage and uncivilized. The British press often praised British military leaders, such as Lord Chelmsford, and criticized any setbacks they encountered during the war. Zulu newspapers, such as Ilanga Lase Natal, reported on the war from a Zulu perspective and emphasized the bravery and tactics of the Zulu warriors. They portrayed the British as invaders and colonizers who were encroaching on Zulu land. International newspapers, such as The New York Times, reported on the conflict objectively and provided updates on the progress of the war. Some newspapers criticized British imperialism and questioned the morality of the war. Overall, newspaper articles about the Anglo-Zulu War were influenced by political and cultural biases and reflected the perspectives of the publications and their readerships.
xsmaa246

untitled.pdf - 3 views

Asmaa Al-Helou 221178198

shared by xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • ‘Fighting Stick of Thunder’: Firearms and the Zulu Kingdom: The Cultural Ambiguities of Transferring Weapons Technology
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      this article also speaks on firearms in southern Africa specifically south africa, however, this time unlike the other source it focuses on firearms in accordance with the Zulu kingdom and how they are used as the previous article from Taylor and Francis generally talked about it in south africa and how they used it for trade and hunting.
  • This paper investigates the reluctance of the nineteenth-century Zulu people of southern Africa fully to embrace fi rearms in their war-making, and posits that this was an expression of their military culture
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      basically saying that the paper will talk about why south africans did not embrace using guns in their wars.
  • ecause fi rearms were prestigious weapons, monopolized by the elite, or professional hunters, Zulu commoners had little opportunity to master them and continued to rely instead on their traditional weapons, particularly the stabbing-spear
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      because firearms were only owned and used by the elite or professional hunters it was hard for Zulu commoners to get their hands on them and so used their traditional weaponry.
  • ...27 more annotations...
  • n so, cultural rather than practical reasons were behind the rank and fi le’s reluctance to upgrade fi rearms to their prime weapon.
  • to unpack the Zulus’ own perception of their heroic military culture, it is argued that, because of the engrained Zulu cultural consensus that only hand-to-hand combat was appropriate conduct for a true fi ghting-man, killing at a distance with a fi rearm was of inferior signifi cance, and did not even entail the ritual pollution that followed homicide and the shedding of human blood. Only close combat was worthy of praise and commemoration.
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      in the zulu culture, it is of inferior significance that zulu fight with firearms as they believe that they should fight through hand to hand
  • In his recent, richly nuanced study, Guns, Race, and Power in Colonial South Africa, William Kelleher Storey argues that, in the context of growing colonial cultural and economic infl uence, as well as of expanding political control in South Africa, ‘guns were useful commodities that people linked to new ways of thinking and behaving’. 2
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      this here helps link my Taylor and Francis article which is the one that is highlighted. in this line taken from the article is says that the way in which guns were used by the South Africans affects how they behave for instance in this passage they used guns to kill in wars or fights whereas, in the other article, it talked about the usage of guns for trade and hunting.
  • By contrast, in South Africa, the spread of guns was far slower because of the sheer, vast extent of the sub-continent’s interior and its lack of ports
  • The Zulu required some time to become accustomed to the white’s fearsome muskets.
  • So, if we are to attempt to grasp what Zulu military culture entailed, and the tentative part fi rearms played in it, we must approach the matter as best we can from the Zulu perspective
  • As we have already learned from Singcofela, killing at a distance with a gun was of quite a different order from killing with an ‘assegai’, the short-hafted, long-bladed iklwa or stabbing-spear. The iklwa was used only at close quarters, when an underarm stab — normally aimed at the abdomen — was followed, without withdrawing, by a rip. In 1929, Kumbeka Gwabe, a veteran of the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879, remembered how at the battle of Isandlwana he killed a British soldier who fi red at him with his revolver and missed: ‘I came beside him and stuck my assegai under his right arm, pushing it through his body until it came out between his ribs on the left side. As soon as he fell I pulled the assegai out and slit his stomach so I knew he should not shoot any more of my peop
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      this tells us that in the zulu perspective, the guns did not work the same as the Assegai that allowed the veteran to strike the enemy with it .
  • This was the weapon of the hero, of a man who cultivated military honour or udumo (thunder), and who proved his personal prowess in single combat
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      it was more honorable for the veteran to use traditional weapons than a gun to kill and that is why south Africans had reluctance to use firearms.
  • These too were integral to the ethos of Zulu masculinity, but overt courage and insatiable ferocity were the hallmarks of the great warrior.
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      using guns basically affected a man's masculinity and status.
  • As such, the traders owed him military service, and it quickly came to Shaka’s attention that they possessed muskets.
  • Consequently, whereas at one extreme the Sotho thoroughly embraced fi rearms, considerably modifi ed their traditional methods of warfare, and successfully took on Boers and Britons alike, at the other extreme the Zulu only gingerly made use of fi rearms and did not permit them to affect their way of warfare to any marked degree.
  • ‘This stick which they carry, what is it for?’ (This was said by the earliest Zulus of the gun that was carried, for they did not know that it was a weapon.) Tshaka then wanted the carrier (a European) to aim at a vulture hovering above with this stick of theirs. The European did so, and fi red, bang! The sound caused all round about to fall on hands and knees. The bird was brought down. Wonderful!
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      description of what South Africans knew about a gun
  • Shaka, as Makuza indicated, was very much taken up with muskets and their military potential. Jantshi ka Nongila, who was born in 1848 and whose father had served as a spy under Shaka, described how Shaka was remembered as testing the power of muskets by having the white traders aim at cattle at different distances.
  • 16 In 1826, he used the limited but alarming fi repower of the Port Natal traders and their trained African retainers against his great rivals, the Ndwandwe people, in the decisive battle of the izinDolowane hills; and in 1827, he again used their fi repower in subduing the Khumalo people.
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      this is an indicator that Shaka used guns on his enemies.
  • In part, the Zulu reluctance to take up fi rearms lay in the initial diffi culty in obtaining them
  • had bartered fi fty stands of arms and a quantity of gunpowder. He warned that, hitherto, the Zulu ‘had used them only in their little wars but the king stated to me that should he fi nd himself unable to overcome his enemies by the weapons most familiar to his people he would then have recourse to them’. 19
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      it seems that king Dingane has gotten arms and stated that he would use them on his enemies if he is unable to defeat them. this is a note that guns were used in wars by south africans.
  • In his praises Dingane was celebrated as ‘Jonono who is like a fi ghting-stick of thunder [a gun]!’
  • Dingane appreciated the power of fi rearms.
  • During the 1830s, guns began to be traded into Zululand in greater numbers, much to the despair of the missionary Captain Allen Gardiner. He saw in this incipient trade a Zulu threat to all their neighbours, and was much disheartened, in 1835, when the Zulu elite evinced no interest in the word of God, but only in his instruction in the best use of the onomatopoeic ‘issibum’, or musket. 21
  • Thus, when the Voortrekkers came over the Drakensberg passes in late 1837 and encamped in Zululand, Dingane knew that they and their guns posed a deadly threat to his kingdom. Dingane’s treacherous attempt, early in 1838, to take the Voortrekkers unawares and destroy them, was only partially successful.
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      they were unable to fight back because the Voortrekkers had more gun advantage and were able to kill Zulus under shelter. this is another indictor of the usage of guns in south africa
  • The Zulus’ disastrous defeats at Voortrekker hands only confi rmed the chilling effi cacy of fi rearms and the need to possess the new weapons.
  • Yet the new weapons technology could not be ignored. From the late 1860s, fi rearms began to spread rapidly throughout South Africa, thanks in large part to the mineral revolution, and the need for African labour
  • young Pedi men (in what became a recognized rite of manhood) regularly made their way to the labour markets of Natal and the Cape and bought fi rearms from guntraders with their earning
  • White hunters sold these items on the world markets and recruited and trained Africans in the use of fi rearms to assist them in obtaining them. 48 Ivory, in particular, was equally a source of wealth for the Zulu king, who was no longer content with his men killing elephants (as described by the hunter, Adulphe Delagorgue) by stabbing them with spears and letting them bleed to death, or driving them into pits fi lled with stakes. 49 The king required fi rearms for the task.
    • xsmaa246
      xsmaa246 on 25 Apr 23
       
      this also shows that they used firearms for hunting
  • As we have seen, the Zulu adoption of fi rearms was partial and imperfect, hedged about by all sorts of hindrances, both practical and essentially cultural. Only a handful of men who had close contact with white hunters and traders were eas
  • with fi rearms, and knew how to use them
  • Otherwise, as we have seen, the bulk of amabutho continued to treat their guns like throwing spears, to be discarded before the real hand-to-hand fi ghting began.
nkosithand

Travel and Exploration - Document - Gale eBooks - 0 views

go.gale.com/...retrieve.do

European and African Interaction from the 15th century through 18th

shared by nkosithand on 24 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • The rest of Africa, however, remained a mystery to the outside world until medieval* travelers began exploring the continent. Arabs crossed the northern and western parts of Africa. The Chinese learned much about eastern Africa's coast along the Indian Ocean. Europeans spent hundreds of years charting the shores of Africa and then probing all of the continent's interior. Driven by trade, conquest, religion, science, or curiosity, generations of explorers gradually revealed Africa to the rest of the world.
    • nkosithand
      nkosithand on 02 May 23
       
      The Medieval travellers were the one who begin to explore the continent of Africa. The Europeans spent many years trying to discover Africa and after many years of trying they were able to reveal the continent of Africa to the rest of the world.
  • The major European effort to explore Africa before 1500 took place at sea, not on land, and focused on Africa's western coast. In 1419 Prince Enrique of Portugal, known to later historians as Henry the Navigator, set up a research center on Portugal's south coast to gather information about Africa and to sponsor expeditions southward into waters unknown to European sailors. After the prince died in 1460, Portugal continued to send these explorers out to sea.
    • nkosithand
      nkosithand on 02 May 23
       
      When they were trying to explore Africa, they tried exploring Africa at a sea not in land. They tried to explore Africa in water as they were using Sailers, during the 14th century, Portugal continued with their explorations, as they sent explorers out to the sea.
  • nkosithand on 24 Apr 23
     
    IN THE EARLY 600O, PEOPLE FROM OUTSIDE AFRICA VISITED AFRICA
sammycebekhulu03

newspaper article on anglo zulu war.pdf - 0 views

Sambulo Cebekhulu

shared by sammycebekhulu03 on 11 May 23 - No Cached
  • sammycebekhulu03 on 11 May 23
     
    Newspaper articles about the Anglo-Zulu War, which took place in 1879, varied depending on the publication and country of origin. British newspapers generally supported the British Empire's involvement in the conflict and portrayed the Zulu people as savage and uncivilized. The British press often praised British military leaders, such as Lord Chelmsford, and criticized any setbacks they encountered during the war. Zulu newspapers, such as Ilanga Lase Natal, reported on the war from a Zulu perspective and emphasized the bravery and tactics of the Zulu warriors. They portrayed the British as invaders and colonizers who were encroaching on Zulu land. International newspapers, such as The New York Times, reported on the conflict objectively and provided updates on the progress of the war. Some newspapers criticized British imperialism and questioned the morality of the war. Overall, newspaper articles about the Anglo-Zulu War were influenced by political and cultural biases and reflected the perspectives of the publications and their readerships.
thutomatlhoko

The Arrival of Cetewayo.pdf - 0 views

Thuto Matlhoko History 2A The Zulu Kingdom_ Zulu War

shared by thutomatlhoko on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • thutomatlhoko on 26 Apr 23
     
    The newspaper article stated that Cetewayo did not acknowledge his weaknesses which resulted in the Zulu tribe under his role losing the war against Britain and being dethroned. There were many controversies on the usefulness of restoring or not restoring the throne to him. The article also mention a separation within the Zulu Kingdom which took place with the intent to eliminate any possible threat to the British monarchy. Most of the English saw the separation as an embarrassment.
nonjabulorsxabar

CRL Resources on 19th-Century Christian Missionary Work in Africa | CRL - 4 views

www.crl.edu/6696

Nonjabulo xaba 222145034'' History 2A

shared by nonjabulorsxabar on 24 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Missionary work in central and southern Africa began in the early 19th century, before Europeans had colonized those regions. Missionaries were among the earliest explorers of central and southern Africa. The London Missionary Society sent David Livingstone to South Africa in 1840, where he became one of the first Europeans to traverse the continent. When Europeans began to colonize central and southern Africa toward the end of the century, international coordination featured prominently in both missionary and colonial projects.
    • Safiyya Shakeel
      Safiyya Shakeel on 25 Apr 23
       
      This newspaper article provides more information regarding the London Missionary Society before 1890 and shares additional information of Christian missionaries during that period. There are multiple articles that are relevant to Christian Missionaries in Africa before 1890 and each article shares a different perspective of the spread of Christianity back then, however the common factor is that the mission to spread the word of God was not as easy as it seemed.
  • Missionary work in central and southern Africa began in the early 19th century, before Europeans had colonized those regions. Missionaries were among the earliest explorers of central and southern Africa. The London Missionary Society sent David Livingstone to South Africa in 1840, where he became one of the first Europeans to traverse the continent. When Europeans began to colonize central and southern Africa toward the end of the century, international coordination featured prominently in both missionary and colonial projects.
    • nonjabulorsxabar
      nonjabulorsxabar on 26 Apr 23
       
      Early in the 19th century, before Europeans had colonized those areas, missionary work was started in central and southern Africa. The earliest travelers to central and southern Africa were missionaries. David Livingstone was one of the first Europeans to cross the continent when the London Missionary Society despatched him to South Africa in 1840. International coordination played a significant role in missionary and colonial initiatives when Europeans started to occupy central and southern Africa around the turn of the century.
  • Missionary work in central and southern Africa began in the early 19th century, before Europeans had colonized those regions. Missionaries were among the earliest explorers of central and southern Africa. The London Missionary Society sent David Livingstone to South Africa in 1840, where he became one of the first Europeans to traverse the continent. When Europeans began to colonize central and southern Africa toward the end of the century, international coordination featured prominently in both missionary and colonial projects.
    • nonjabulorsxabar
      nonjabulorsxabar on 26 Apr 23
       
      Early in the 19th century, before Europeans had colonized those areas, missionary work was started in central and southern Africa. The earliest travelers to central and southern Africa were missionaries. David Livingstone was one of the first Europeans to cross the continent when the London Missionary Society despatched him to South Africa in 1840. International coordination played a significant role in missionary and colonial initiatives when Europeans started to occupy central and southern Africa around the turn of the century.
giftadelowotan

Full article: History, Materialization, and Presentation of Slavery in Tanzania - 7 views

www.tandfonline.com/...21619441.2019.1589714

shared by giftadelowotan on 21 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • East Africa has been part of an Indian Ocean trading network connecting it with the Arab world since at least the eighth century CE. This trade included the trafficking of humans. A number of sites associated with slave trading in East Africa are open to public display while some are also incorporated into local folklore. This article explores the historical interpretation of slavery presented at several sites in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania
  • I argue that European colonization of Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania left material and ideological traces that structure how slavery is represented in the present day.
  • Slavery in the region is presented as a simple story wherein indigenous and homogenous African communities were exploited and enslaved by merchants from the Arabian Peninsula.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • The caravan routes from these cities into the interior of the continent provided the central supply chain of the slave trade in East Africa; these routes were also the mechanism that opened the continent to European exploration and, ultimately, exploitation
  • The visitors to this country steal their children, enticing them away by offering them fruits, finally take possession of them and carry them off to their country.
    • giftadelowotan
      giftadelowotan on 25 Apr 23
       
      HUMAN TRAFFICKING
  • [Although] Islam does not allow the enslavement of Muslims … it recognizes two categories; those born in slavery or prisoners of war—as a product of a war declared on the inhabitants of Dar al-Harb or the Abode of War which lies outside Dar al-Islam or the Land of Islam.
    • giftadelowotan
      giftadelowotan on 25 Apr 23
       
      ISLAM VIEW ON SLAVERY
  • The slave trade faced a considerable challenge when the Omani Sultan of Zanzibar signed the “Slave Trade Treaty” with Britain in 1873, which called for the end of slave markets in the Sultan's domain and an end to the export of enslaved captives
  • Slavery and its presentation on the island of Zanzibar
  • After all, those who built [Arab houses], those who generated the wealth that paid for them, and the vast majority that inhabited and serviced them were African slaves and clients or servants of African descent
    • giftadelowotan
      giftadelowotan on 25 Apr 23
       
      AN EXAMPLE OF AFRICAN EXPLPITATION BY ARAB SLAVERS
  • ujhistprof on 21 Apr 23
     
    Your bookmark doesn't take us back to the actual article/ just a front page with no article accessible.
ntsearelr

RW Beachey.pdf - 1 views

Lindokuhle Ntseare History 2A 222011098

shared by ntsearelr on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • But it was in the nineteenth century that the great development of the East African ivory trade took place. An increased demand for ivory in America and Europe coincided with the opening up of East Africa by Arab traders and European explorers, and this led to the intensive exploitation of the ivory resources of the interior. Throughout the nineteenth century, East Africa ranked as the foremost source of ivory in the world; ivory over-topped all rivals, even slaves, in export value, and it
  • increased demand for ivory in America and Europe coincided with the opening up of East Africa by Arab traders and European explorers, and this led to the intensive exploitation of the ivory resources of the interior. Thro
  • by the Arabs under Sultan Said of Zanzibar, following the transference of the seat of his authority from Muscat to Zanzibar in I832. Within a decade of Said's move to Zanzibar and the Egyptian advance southwards, the ivory traders were out en mass
    • ntsearelr
      ntsearelr on 26 Apr 23
       
      Sultan Said was the Sultan of Oman and Zanzibar, and he ruled over a vast empire that included parts of East Africa and the Indian Ocean. Under Sultan Said's leadership, Zanzibar became a major center for the ivory trade, and he played an important role in facilitating the trade between East Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. He established commercial relations with interior African states and trading networks, and he used his power and influence to promote the interests of the ivory traders in Zanzibar. Sultan Said's policies helped to create a favorable environment for the ivory trade in Zanzibar, and he encouraged the development of the port of Zanzibar, which became a hub for the transportation and export of ivory to markets in Europe and Asia.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • As the century went on, caravans travelling into the interior became bigger and bigger, until by 1885 it was not unusual to have over 2,000 porters in a single caravan. The ivory caravans developed a life of theil own, and the supply of their needs led to a system somewhat similar to that of ship chandlering. Information as to the condition of routes, the risk of native wars and the best seasons for travel were all available to the enterprising trade
  • The two great inland markets for ivory were Unyanyembe (Tabora) in what is now central Tanzania, and Ujiji on the east coast of Lake Tanganyika.10 From Tabora routes branched to the north, to Uganda, to the west, and to the south and Lake Rukwa. At Unyanyembe and Ujiji, Arab merchants had set themselves up in style, surrounding themselves with the coconut palms of their Zanzibar home, and living in cool tembes, waited on by slaves, and comforted by concubines-reproducing the languid environment of the spice island
  • routes into the int
    • ntsearelr
      ntsearelr on 26 Apr 23
       
      The caravan routes in East Africa during the 19th century were a network of trade routes that extended from the interior of the continent to the coast, particularly to ports such as Zanzibar, Bagamoyo, and Kilwa. These routes were used by Arab and Swahili traders to transport goods, including ivory, to the coast for export to markets in Europe and Asia. The caravan routes varied in length and complexity, but they generally followed a similar pattern. The traders would begin their journey at the coast and travel inland with their goods, often on foot or using pack animals such as donkeys and camels. The journey could take several months, and traders would often have to navigate challenging terrain, including mountains and forests. Along the way, traders would stop at towns and villages to rest, resupply, and conduct trade with local communities. These towns and villages served as important trading centers, where goods such as food, cloth, and weapons were exchanged for ivory and other commodities. The caravan routes varied over time, depending on the political and economic conditions in the region. As new trading centers emerged, or existing ones declined, the routes would shift accordingly. Furthermore, the caravan routes were vulnerable to disruption from conflicts between different groups and natural disasters such as droughts and floods. Despite these challenges, the caravan routes remained an essential part of the East African trade network throughout the 19th century, and they played a crucial role in facilitating the ivory trade and other forms of commerce in the region.
  • The value of ivory was calculated in different ways. The African estimated its value by its size and quality. The Arab carried his steel-yard scales which were simple and practical, and, all things being equal, he purchased ivory by weight, the unit being the frasilah (34-36 lb.).16 In the southern Sudan and some parts of East Africa-for example, in Karagweivory was valued in terms of cattle, and this was one of the causes of the cattle raids carried out by ivory dealers. With the cattle they looted, they could trade for more ivo
  • ibar. Colonel Hamerton, who arrived at Zanzibar in 1841 as British consul, remarked: 'The whole trade in ivory, slaves, and gum copal is carried on by the natives of India, the ivory is consigned to them from the interior.' Hamerton noted that even the Sultan's ivory and copal trade on the mainland was mana
    • ntsearelr
      ntsearelr on 26 Apr 23
       
      Indian agents played an important role in the East African ivory trade during the 19th century. These agents had established commercial networks in East Africa and had close ties to the Indian subcontinent. The Indian agents acted as intermediaries between the ivory traders in East Africa and the markets in India. They were responsible for purchasing ivory from the traders and then arranging for its transportation to India, where it would be sold for a profit. The Indian agents were essential to the ivory trade because they had access to capital and resources that the local traders often lacked. They were also familiar with the Indian market and were able to negotiate better prices for the ivory they sold.
  • The quest for ivory was never-ending. The price on the world market was remarkably free from fluctuations; no commodity retained such a stable price as did ivory in the nineteenth c
  • Figures of ivory exports from East Africa during the early nineteenth century are not easy to obtain. Various estimates range as low as 40,000 lb. a year to as high as 200,000 lb., but no indication is given as to how these figures were arrived at. But from the arrival of Colonel Rigby as British consul at Zanzibar in 1858, customs returns are available. We get a definite figure based on customs returns for 1859, showing that 488,600 lbs. of ivory worth I46,666 were exporte
  • Zanzibar as the ivory market for East Africa, supplying 75 % of the world's tota
  • ntsearelr on 26 Apr 23
     
    The ivory trade was a significant economic activity in East Africa during this period, and it had a profound impact on the region's economy, society, and environment. In the article, Beachey discusses the origins of the ivory trade in East Africa and how it grew in importance over time. He explains how the trade was facilitated by the arrival of Arab and Swahili traders, who established commercial networks that stretched across the interior of the continent. These traders were able to acquire ivory from African hunters and then transport it to the coast for export to markets in Europe and Asia. In his article, Beachey also discusses the important role that Zanzibar played in the East African ivory trade during the 19th century. Zanzibar was a center for the ivory trade, serving as a hub for the transportation and export of ivory to markets in Europe and Asia. Beachey explains how Zanzibar's strategic location and its political and economic ties to East Africa made it an ideal location for ivory traders to set up shop. The island's port was well-situated to receive ivory from the interior, and Zanzibar's ruling Sultanate had established commercial relations with interior African states and trading networks. Furthermore, Beachey highlights how the ivory trade contributed to the growth of Zanzibar's economy during this period. The trade brought significant wealth to the island, which was invested in infrastructure development, such as the construction of the Zanzibar port and the city's buildings.
karabo03

I Will Open a Path into the Interior of Africa or Perish David Livingstone and the Mapp... - 3 views

Karabo Klaas

shared by karabo03 on 24 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • This article is an attempt to elucidate this rather unknown facet of his legacy by referring to the instruments, methods and techniques he used to collect his data and the high premium he put on the accuracy of his observations. Attention is also given to his lifelong friendship with HM Astronomer at the Cape, Sir Thomas Maclear to whom he regularly sent his observations to be checked and his occasionally tempestuous relationship with the official cartographer of the Royal Geographical Society, John Arrowsmith.
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      Article attempt. It also includes some of the primary sources pictures from early age of Livingstone discovery in Africa. Primary sources pictures like sketch maps of his travel route, Diaries and notes From Livingstone which will be highlighted
  • Livingstone’s sketch of the Victoria Falls
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      Livingstone's sketch of the Victoria Falls primary source picture illustrating Livingstone discovery of unknown places in Africa as a missionary
  • Extract from Livingstone’s sketch map of the drainage area of the Zambes
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Figure 7. Sketch map of the route from Cassange towards St Paul de Luanda on the Atlantic Ocean sent to the LMS (Courtesy of the Council for World Mission Archive, SOAS. CWM LMS Africa Odds Livingstone Box 3, No.87(2)).
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      Livingstone Sketch map and travel routes he traveled
  • Sketch map of the route from the upper reaches of the River Leeba towards St Paul de Luanda on the Atlantic Ocean
  • A photograph taken in natural light of two pages of Livingstone’s 1871 Field Diary.
  • A processed spectral image of two pages of Livingstone’s 1871 Field Diary
  • An extract from a sketch map in Livingstones’s own hand, drawn at different scales of the course of the Zambesi from Sesheke in the south to the river’s confluence with the Kabompo in the north
  • Extract from the map in Livingstone’s book Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa indicating his journey between Zumbo and Tete
  • Map of Livingstone’s travels in south-central Africa, 1866–1873
  • Map showing all Livingstone’s travels in south-central Africa, 1851–1873
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      The article abstract the life and exploration of David Livingstone. He made multiple expeditions, documented his findings, and advocated for the end of the slave trade. Despite facing hardships, he continued to push forward in his quest to uncover the mysteries of Africa. His legacy includes his contributions to mapping and exploration, as well as his humanitarian efforts and impact on European perceptions of Africa in which this article discuss or focus on.
oratile427

Full article: Hermann Habenicht's Spezialkarte von Afrika - A Unique Cartographic Recor... - 1 views

www.tandfonline.com/...0082288412Z.00000000010

Oratile Malatji

shared by oratile427 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • oratile427 on 26 Apr 23
     
    This article reflects how the exploration of Europeans in east Africa began, plus the article provides insight of Berlin Congo conference of 1884-1885. The article further explained the new development of European exploration in the last quater of the nineteenth century
karabo03

Livingstone's ideas of Christianity,commerce and civilization in Africa.pdf - 5 views

Karabo Klaas

shared by karabo03 on 24 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • David Livingstone is often misunderstood as being a conscious promoter of European colonization of Africa.
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      Argument that the article/Arthur is trying to address that David Livingstone wasn't just a explorer or a conscious promoter but a African missionary who had his way of developing what Christians believe in
  • He saw mission centres not only for strictly evangelization purposes, but encompassing the whole spectrum of human act
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      Unlike other missionaries David Livingstone saw the role of missionaries the other way
  • inhumane
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • Cambridge lectures of December 4th. and 5th., 1857
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      The Cambridge lectures of December 4th and 5th, 1857 a series of lectures delivered by David Livingstone at the University of Cambridge. In these lectures, Livingstone shared his experiences and observations from his travels in southern Africa, including his encounters with the local people and his efforts to spread Christianity and end the slave trade. The lectures were well-received and helped to raise awareness about Livingstone's work and the need for increased exploration and missionary efforts in Africa.
  • maxim
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      rules of conduct or fundamental principles
  • unnavigability
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      Pathless of a water way not being able to be sailed on by ships
  • stem
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      stop
  • Evangelical revival in Scotland and England, and missions abroad
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      Reading for interest about Livingstone early in Scotland
  • Livingstone's vocation as missionary
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      Another reading interest About Livingstone background as Christian MISSIONARY
  • Early experience inAfrica: the 'Bechuana' mission
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      Abstract about Livingstone early experience in Africa
  • Later experience inAfrica: missionary travels
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      Reading for his later experience in Africa
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      The article focuses/discuss David Livingstone's beliefs about Christianity, commerce, and civilization in Africa. It argues about how Livingstone is being misunderstood as just an explorer not a missionary. It also covers/addresses all Dr Livingstone's ideas about Africa as missionary, 'different from all other missionaries. David Livingstone as missionary different from others missionaries, He believed that Christianity was necessary for moral and spiritual improvement, commerce could promote economic development and end slavery, and Africans should adopt European ways of living. However, his ideas have been criticized for their paternalism and ethnocentrism. Note that this article doesn't only argue on how David Livingstone can be viewed as missionary but it also focus on the main topic question of "Christian Missionaries In Africa" on how Livingstone was Christian missionary and the roles he attributed in Africa
    • karabo03
      karabo03 on 24 Apr 23
       
      Article content : David Livingstone's beliefs about Christianity, commerce, and civilization in Africa(44-45) Evangelical revival in Scotland and England, and missions abroad(46-48) Livingstone's vocation as missionary(48-49) Early experience in Africa: the 'Bechuana' mission(52-49) Later experience in Africa: missionary travels(53-55) Conclusion(55)
lidya-2

Guns, Race, and Skill in Nineteenth-Century Southern Africa on JSTOR.pdf - 3 views

lidya demssie babore 222217401 HISTORY 2A

shared by lidya-2 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • The use of firearms has played a significant role in shaping the history of Southern Africa during the 19th century. In his article William K. Storey explores the impact of guns on the region's political and social landscape. Storey examines how guns were introduced to the indigenous groups in Southern Africa by European settlers and how the uneven distribujion of firearms created an imbalance of power. Furthermore, Storey delves into the ways in which gun ownership became a marker of status and skill, particularly for white settlers. He also highlights the role of guns in shaping relationships between black and white populations and the disparities that arose due to access to this technology.
    • lidya-2
      lidya-2 on 26 Apr 23
       
      NOTE
  • LW\
    • lidya-2
      lidya-2 on 26 Apr 23
       
      The use of firearms has played a significant role in shaping the history of Southern Africa during the 19th century. William K. Storey explores the impact of guns on the region's political and social landscape's. he also examines how guns were introduced to the indigenous groups in Southern Africa by European settlers and how the uneven distribution of firearms created an imbalance of power. especially between the Africans and British settlers.
  • 
    • lidya-2
      lidya-2 on 26 Apr 23
       
      The Zulu people faced off against the powerful British Empire in what became known as the Anglo-Zulu War. The British army was equipped with modern rifles and artillery, and was expected to easily defeat the Zulu army, which was armed with little more than spears and shields.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • ZDV
    • lidya-2
      lidya-2 on 26 Apr 23
       
      it was important to know how to use guns during the 19th century. While owning a gun was a indicator of status and power among African societies, it was the ability to use the gun effectively that truly distinguished one warrior from another. the journal suggests that the possession of guns may have actually led to increased violence and conflict among these societies, as warriors compete to prove their worth by demonstrating they skill on deadly weapon. Furthermore, the article highlights the role of European traders and hunters in teaching African communities how to use guns, thereby establishing a power dynamic where the former held the knowledge and expertise necessary for successful gun use. Overall, this article sheds light on the crucial role that skill played in shaping gun culture in Southern Africa, and highlights the complex social and political dynamics that underpinned its development.
    • lidya-2
      lidya-2 on 26 Apr 23
       
      evidence for the above note in blue sticker.
    • lidya-2
      lidya-2 on 26 Apr 23
       
      evidence for the above note in blue sticker.
    • lidya-2
      lidya-2 on 26 Apr 23
       
      evidence for the above note in blue sticker.
    • lidya-2
      lidya-2 on 26 Apr 23
       
      evidence from one of the British soldiers
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