This study looked at declining testosterone in Japanese men. The significant decrease was found in those men between 20 and through 40s. Beyond which statistical decline was not found.
Also of note, lower salivary testosterone was associated with higher BMI
A wheelchair is a wheeled mobility device in which the user sits. The device is propelled either manually (by turning the wheels by the hand) or via various automated systems. Wheelchairs are used by people for whom walking is difficult or impossible due to illness (physiological or physical), injury, or disability. The chair seat size (width and depth), seat-to-floor height, footrests/leg rests, front caster outriggers, adjustable backrests, controls, and many other features can be customized on, or added to, many basic models, while some users, often those with specialised needs, may have wheelchairs custom-built.
The usual size of the rear wheel ranges from twenty to twenty-six inches in diameter. A larger wheel increases the height of the seat off the ground and decreases the rolling resistance, thus easing the effort of pushing. The rear wheels can be solid or pneumatic. Solid wheels have a low rolling resistance and are very easy to maintain. They are ideal for use in institutional settings or for indoor use in noncarpeted areas. Pneumatic wheels have better grip on carpeted surfaces and are better if there is going to be significant outdoor use, but they run the risk of flats and require higher maintenance. The flat tire problem can be circumvented by the use of a foam insert that can prevent leaks. Wire spokes are lighter in weight but higher in maintenance. Most older persons will select large plastic spokes referred to as mag wheels. The wheels can be offset posteriorly to decrease the risk of tipping backwards.
Wheelchair With 4 Small Wheels:
Wheelchair With 4 Small Wheels foldable frame wheelchair made of chrome with 18" inches seat width, 8" Inches Front and Rear wheel, total weight 14 kg helps physical challenged person to move around indoor.
Wheelchair With 4 Small Wheels Measurements:
Seat Width : 16 inch., 18 inch.
Frame Style : Foldable
Frame Material : M.S. Chrome
open position wheel to wheel width in : 22" (inches)
Seat Width : 1
Golden Technologies takes all the worry out of purchasing a power wheelchair. Designers blend the most technologically advanced components with superior designs to provide with the almost in quality, comfort and style. Motorized wheelchairs to enter bike lanes if a sidewalk isn't available or passable by wheelchair. Wheelchair users would be required to yield the right-of-way to bikers. The proposal also adds motorized wheelchairs to current law affecting vehicles and bicycles on the road, including the required three foot law between bikers and drivers. Supporters bill would help wheelchair users get around quickly and that areas without sidewalks are often difficult to navigate. It's the standard chair, with the main frame attaches to the front. This isn't a futuristic design as such, but a very good way of maintaining or building strength in those who are bound to a wheelchair, and may hope to walk again in their future. Personally, this bike is pretty cool. It's got a front frame similar to a chopper, with the added comfort of a chair appose to a saddle.
A new module is set to transform electric powered wheelchairs into communication hubs. An powerchair is more compact and has a better turning radius than an electric scooter; making it is easier to navigate narrow doorways and tight turns. Another advantage of the powerwheelchair is that its armchair joystick does not require an upright posture like an electric scooter's handlebars. Most power wheelchairs can also be taken apart and stowed, while scooters usually can't. Powerwheelchairs are also usually less expensive than scooters. For many disabled people, the only way to move around is by using a wheelchair. Those who cannot powered wheelchairs propel themselves with their arms, which often leads to fatigue, pain, and even permanent damage to arms and shoulders.
BENEFITS:
Activates circulation system and improves cardio-pulmonary function.
Helps prevent decubitus sores.
Improves bowel regu
When it comes to wheelchairs, young children have a different set of needs than adults. Aesthetically, devices designed for kids are often sleek and colorful, and functionally, they are typically lightweight and adjustable. As any parent knows, young people don't stay the same size for long and since a wheelchair is a major purchase don't want a simple growth spurt to render it useless. That's why kids wheelchair category offers models that feature seat width and depth adjustability, elevating legrests, and other versatile features.
Pediatric walkers differ from adult walkers in several ways. For one, walking aids for children are usually adjustable, taking growth patterns into account; but many models also provide gait training and postural correction. Those caring for kids in their formative years must be concerned about more than just the young person's mobility, they must also consider their development.
Cerebral Palsy Wheelchair:
Cerebral Palsy Wheelchair Description:
The model designed for cerebral palsy child only.
Ultra light weight aluminium alloy frame
Seat Width 38 cms (15")
Net Weight: 18.5 kgs
Epoxy powder coated frame
Detachable arm rest & foot rest provided
Elevated and swinging foot rest
Elevated foot rest provided to elevate leg angle
Height adjustable and detachable head rest
Hydraulic reclining high back for a comfortable posture
Hydraulic adjustable seat angle
Detachable back and seat pad
Extra cushion upholstery provided to under arm, head & calg Foldable
Lever and paddle brakes provided
Safety belt provided
Maintenance free rear solid wheels
Cloth look like water proof upholstery
Anti wheels for better safety and stability
Extra cushion upholstery provided to under arm, head & leg
Folding action
Lever and paddle brakes provided
Safety belt provided
Maintenance free rear solid wheels
Cerebral Palsy Wheelchair Recline system:
Recline system provides kids with the most comfortable resting environme
Testosterone levels vary amongst men by geography. Testosterone levels are higher, 20% higher, in Asian men living in Hong Kong and Japan versus those that live in the US. This is very similar to some of the date around breast cancer in Asian women. Both suggesting diet and environment as the variable.
Chen et al. have revealed that ascorbate at pharmacologic concentrations (0.3–20 mM) achieved only by intravenously (i.v.) administration selectively kills a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro, but has little cytotoxic effect on normal cells.
Ascorbic acid (the reduced form of vitamin C) is specifically transported into cells by sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCTs)
SVCT-1 is predominantly expressed in epithelial tissues
differential sensitivity to VC may result from variations in VC flow into cells, which is dependent on SVCT-2 expression.
high-dose VC significantly impaired both the tumorspheres initiation (Fig. 4d, e) and the growth of established tumorspheres derived from HCC cells (Fig. 4f, g) in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
The antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), preventing VC-induced ROS production (a ROS scavenger), completely restored the viability and colony formation among VC-treated cells
DNA double-strand damage was found following VC treatment
DNA damage was prevented by NAC
Interestingly, the combination of VC and cisplatin was even more effective in reducing tumor growth and weight
Consistent with the in vitro results, stemness-related genes expressions in tumor xenograft were remarkably reduced after VC or VC+cisplatin treatment, whereas conventional cisplatin therapy alone led to the increase of CSCs
VC is one of the numerous common hepatoprotectants.
Interestingly, at extracellular concentrations greater than 1 mM, VC induces strong cytotoxicity to cancer cells including liver cancer cells
we hypothesized that intravenous VC might reduce the risk of recurrence in HCC patients after curative liver resection.
Intriguingly, the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) for patients who received intravenous VC was 24%, as opposed to 15% for no intravenous VC-treated patients
Median DFS time for VC users was 25.2 vs. 18 months for VC non-users
intravenous VC use is linked to improved DFS in HCC patients.
In this study, based on the elevated expression of SVCT-2, which is responsible for VC uptake, in liver CSCs, we revealed that clinically achievable concentrations of VC preferentially eradicated liver CSCs in vitro and in vivo
the authors here made similar mistakes to the Mayo authors i.e. under doses here in this study. They dosed at only 2 grams IVC. A woefully low dose of IVC.
Additionally, we found that intravenous VC reduced the risk of post-surgical HCC progression in a retrospective cohort study.
Their comfort zone was 1mM. They should have targeted 20-40 mM.
Three hundred thirty-nine participants (55.3%) received 2 g intravenous VC for 4 or more days after initial hepatectomy
As the key protein responsible for VC uptake in the liver, SVCT-2 played crucial roles in regulating the sensitivity to ascorbate-induced cytotoxicity
we also observed that SVCT-2 was highly expressed in human HCC samples and preferentially elevated in liver CSCs
SVCT-2 might serve as a potential CSC marker and therapeutic target in HCC
CSCs play critical roles in regulating tumor initiation, relapse, and chemoresistance
we revealed that VC treatment dramatically reduced the self-renewal ability, expression levels of CSC-associated genes, and percentages of CSCs in HCC, indicating that CSCs were more susceptible to VC-induced cell death
as a drug for eradicating CSCs, VC may represent a promising strategy for treatment of HCC, alone or particularly in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs
In HCC, we found that VC-generated ROS caused genotoxic stress (DNA damage) and metabolic stress (ATP depletion), which further activated the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, leading to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in HCC cells
we demonstrated a synergistic effect of VC and chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin on killing HCC both in vitro and in vivo
Intravenous VC has also been reported to reduce chemotherapy-associated toxicity of carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients,38 but the specific mechanism needs further investigation
Terribly inadequate dose. Target is 20-40 mM which other studies have found occur with 50-75 grams of IVC.
several clinical trials of high-dose intravenous VC have been conducted in patients with advanced cancer and have revealed improved quality of life and prolonged OS
high-dose VC was not toxic to immune cells and major immune cell subpopulations in vivo
high recurrence rate and heterogeneity
tumor progression, metastasis, and chemotherapy-resistance
SVCT-2 was highly expressed in HCC samples in comparison to peri-tumor tissues
high expression (grade 2+/3+) of SVCT-2 was in agreement with poorer overall survival (OS) of HCC patients (Fig. 1c) and more aggressive tumor behavior
SVCT-2 is enriched in liver CSCs
these data suggest that SVCT-2 is preferentially expressed in liver CSCs and is required for the maintenance of liver CSCs.
pharmacologic concentrations of plasma VC higher than 0.3 mM are achievable only from i.v. administration
The viabilities of HCC cells were dramatically decreased after exposure to VC in dose-dependent manner
VC and cisplatin combination further caused cell apoptosis in tumor xenograft
These results verify that VC inhibits tumor growth in HCC PDX models and SVCT-2 expression level is associated with VC response
qPCR and IHC analysis demonstrated that expression levels of CSC-associated genes and percentages of CSCs in PDXs dramatically declined after VC treatment, confirming the inhibitory role of VC in liver CSCs
IV vitamin C in vitro and in vivo found to "preferentially" eradicate cancer stem cells. In addition, IV vitamin C was found to be adjunctive to chemotherapy, found to be hepatoprotectant. This study also looked at SVCT-2, which is the transport protein important in liver C uptake.
“Intrinsic processes” include those that result in mutations due to random errors in DNA replication whereas “extrinsic factors” are environmental factors that affect mutagenesis rates (such as UV radiation, ionizing radiation, and carcinogens
intrinsic factors do not play a major causal role.
intrinsic cancer risk should be determined by the cancer incidence for those cancers with the least risk in the entire group controlling for total stem cell divisions
if one or more cancers would feature a much higher cancer incidence, for example, lung cancer among smokers vs. non-smokers, then this most likely reflects additional (and probably extrinsic) risk factors (smoking in this case)
Particularly, for breast and prostate cancers, it has long been observed that large international geographical variations exist in their incidences (5-fold for breast cancer, 25-fold for prostate cancer)14, and immigrants moving from countries with lower cancer incidence to countries with higher cancer rates soon acquire the higher risk of their new country
Colorectal cancer is another high-incidence cancer that is widely considered to be an environmental disease17, with an estimated 75% or more colorectal cancer risk attributable to diet
melanoma, its risk ascribed to sun exposure is around 65–86%
non-melanoma basal and squamous skin cancers, ~90% is attributable to UV
75% of esophageal cancer, or head and neck cancer are caused by tobacco and alcohol
HPV may cause ~90% cases in cervical cancer23, ~90% cases in anal cancer24, and ~70% in oropharyngeal cancer
HBV and HCV may account for ~80% cases of hepatocellular carcinoma
H pylori may be responsible for 65–80% of gastric cancer
While a few cancers have relatively large proportions of intrinsic mutations (>50%), the majority of cancers have large proportions of extrinsic mutations, for example, ~100% for Myeloma, Lung and Thyroid cancers and ~80–90% for Bladder, Colorectal and Uterine cancers, indicating substantial contributions of carcinogen exposures in the development of most cancers
onsistent estimate of contribution of extrinsic factors of >70–90% in most common cancer types. This concordance lends significant credibility to the overall conclusion on the role of extrinsic factors in cancer development