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wheelchairindia9

Recliner Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Reclining wheelchairs, since the product class is built around one key feature: the capability to adjust the backrest and/or footrest into a reclined position. This feature is especially important to users who find it difficult or impossible to sit in a fully upright position, and users who sleep in their chairs frequently. For those that are looking for a more portable chair. When compared with a similar, non-reclining chair, a reclining wheelchair tends to weigh more and - unlike other manual models - manual wheelchairs that recline typically aren't foldable. reclining wheelchair compensates mechanically for body positioning by automatically readjusting armrests and lateral supports.

    Recliner wheelchair is low profile allowing to comfortably fit under tables and desks. Enjoy numerous activities with increased comfort such as stretching, napping and watching television. The ability to recline also improves circulation and the ability for sore spots to heal.

    Karma Reclining Wheelchair KM 5000:
    The karma reclining wheelchair km-5000 Transport Wheelchair is an ultra lightweight folding aluminum reclining wheelchair. With full length padded armrests, an adjustable height head pillow, and more this wheelchair has added comfort for any user. This chair also features swing-away elevating footrests and adjustable length leg supports and footplates. With a weight of 33 Lbs this chair can be transported with ease.

    Karma Reclining Wheelchair KM 5000 Features:
    Folding 6061 T-6 Aircraft-grade aluminum frame in black
    powder coat finish
    Backrest Reclines 90°~163° and includes anti-tippers
    Full length padded detachable armrests with side panels
    Swing-away detachable elevating footrests
    Adjustable length leg supports & footplates
    Adjustable-height head pillow
    14" Mag wheels with flat free polyurethane tires
    7" x 1" Flat free front polyurethane casters
    Adjustab
wheelchairindia9

Reclining Commode Wheelchair - 0 views

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    wheelchair category (standard, transport, power, etc.) could be classified as a reclining wheelchairs, since the product class is built around one key feature: the capability to adjust the backrest and/or footrest into a reclined position. This feature is especially important to users who find it difficult or impossible to sit in a fully upright position, and users who sleep in their chairs frequently. For those that are looking for a more portable chair, however, products from this category may not be a great fit. When compared with a similar, non-reclining chair, a reclining wheelchair tends to weigh more and - unlike other manual models - manual wheelchairs that recline typically aren't foldable. Some people use special wheelchairs to distribute pressure and thus reduce the risk of skin sores. These chairs also increase comfort and sitting tolerance. One type of chair, called "tilt in space," changes a person's orientation while maintaining fixed hip, knee, and ankle angles. The whole seat, in effect, tilts. The other chair option is called a recline system, which basically changes the seat-to-back angle, flattening out the back of the chair and in some cases raising the legs to form a flat surface. Different Types Of Reclining Wheelchairs: Reclining Wheelchair 902 GC Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC Karma Aurora 4 Reclining Wheelchair Karma Reclining Wheelchair KM 5000 Karma VIP 515 Wheelchair Reclining Wheelchair 902 GC: Reclining Wheelchair 902 GC is one of the basic models of a Reclining Wheelchair which helps transfer to bed to wheelchair easily and comes with head and neck support and Calf support for added comfort. Reclining Wheelchair 902 GC Features: The chair boast of movable armrest and elevating footrest. A well padded thigh support helps the user thigh's during reclining. The front and the rear wheels are designed and placed in such a way so as to support the users weight during reclining. The Pneumatic rear wheels help the movement
wheelchairindia9

Easy Handicap Life By Heavy Duty Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Mobility is an important part of human life. When an affordable wheelchair becomes necessary, for whatever reason, the circumstances are often not ideal. Purchasing an affordable wheelchair starts with knowing the patient and researching the types of wheelchairs available. It is a great resource on many different types of medical wheelchairs. Bariatric wheelchair, designed for users between 18 and 26 stone. It has a padded sling and backrest to ensure the comfort of the user, and the armrests can be removed to allow easy transfer into and out of the wheelchair. The Heavy User Wheelchair is self-propelled, giving the option to either push it, or have the user move themselves. The large rear wheels make the wheelchair well-suited to outdoor use, and allow the user to change the direction they face when in social situations. It has folding frame, so it is easy for storage and transport. Interchangeable frame components allow to grow and change the chairs width and depth. There are custom frame specifications available. Maximum option choices allow chair to be built to the individual's specifications. It has folding "lockout" cross-brace. Cross-brace locks to limit flex in the frame for more efficient propelling. Double cross-brace. Allows more strength and enables greater weight capacity. Wheelchair Bariatric has Adjustable back height. Ensures optimal positioning of backrest for stability and scapular movement. Stabilizer bar to minimize flex and provides a more efficient ride. Multiple footplate options ensure optimal positioning of lower extremities. Quick-release axle allows quick removal of rear wheels for easy transport. Adjustable Axle Plate Adjustments help to maximize stability and propulsion of the chair. Allows center of gravity adjustment for more efficient ride. Also makes it possible to adjust the rear frame height when it's necessary to change the caster wheels. Description: Attendant cable brake. 14" rear wheels. Detachable and washable cu
wheelchairindia9

Easy Handicap Life By Heavy Duty Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Mobility is an important part of human life. When an affordable wheelchair becomes necessary, for whatever reason, the circumstances are often not ideal. Purchasing an affordable wheelchair starts with knowing the patient and researching the types of wheelchairs available. It is a great resource on many different types of medical wheelchairs. Bariatric wheelchair, designed for users between 18 and 26 stone. It has a padded sling and backrest to ensure the comfort of the user, and the armrests can be removed to allow easy transfer into and out of the wheelchair. The Heavy User Wheelchair is self-propelled, giving the option to either push it, or have the user move themselves. The large rear wheels make the wheelchair well-suited to outdoor use, and allow the user to change the direction they face when in social situations. It has folding frame, so it is easy for storage and transport. Interchangeable frame components allow to grow and change the chairs width and depth. There are custom frame specifications available. Maximum option choices allow chair to be built to the individual's specifications. It has folding "lockout" cross-brace. Cross-brace locks to limit flex in the frame for more efficient propelling. Double cross-brace. Allows more strength and enables greater weight capacity. Wheelchair Bariatric has Adjustable back height. Ensures optimal positioning of backrest for stability and scapular movement. Stabilizer bar to minimize flex and provides a more efficient ride. Multiple footplate options ensure optimal positioning of lower extremities. Quick-release axle allows quick removal of rear wheels for easy transport. Adjustable Axle Plate Adjustments help to maximize stability and propulsion of the chair. Allows center of gravity adjustment for more efficient ride. Also makes it possible to adjust the rear frame height when it's necessary to change the caster wheels. Description: Attendant cable brake. 14" rear wheels. Detachable and washable cu
wheelchairindia9

Easy Handicap Life By Heavy Duty Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Mobility is an important part of human life. When an affordable wheelchair becomes necessary, for whatever reason, the circumstances are often not ideal. Purchasing an affordable wheelchair starts with knowing the patient and researching the types of wheelchairs available. It is a great resource on many different types of medical wheelchairs. Bariatric wheelchair, designed for users between 18 and 26 stone. It has a padded sling and backrest to ensure the comfort of the user, and the armrests can be removed to allow easy transfer into and out of the wheelchair. The Heavy User Wheelchair is self-propelled, giving the option to either push it, or have the user move themselves. The large rear wheels make the wheelchair well-suited to outdoor use, and allow the user to change the direction they face when in social situations. It has folding frame, so it is easy for storage and transport. Interchangeable frame components allow to grow and change the chairs width and depth. There are custom frame specifications available. Maximum option choices allow chair to be built to the individual's specifications. It has folding "lockout" cross-brace. Cross-brace locks to limit flex in the frame for more efficient propelling. Double cross-brace. Allows more strength and enables greater weight capacity. Wheelchair Bariatric has Adjustable back height. Ensures optimal positioning of backrest for stability and scapular movement. Stabilizer bar to minimize flex and provides a more efficient ride. Multiple footplate options ensure optimal positioning of lower extremities. Quick-release axle allows quick removal of rear wheels for easy transport. Adjustable Axle Plate Adjustments help to maximize stability and propulsion of the chair. Allows center of gravity adjustment for more efficient ride. Also makes it possible to adjust the rear frame height when it's necessary to change the caster wheels. Description: Attendant cable brake. 14" rear wheels. Detachable and washable cu
wheelchairindia9

Karma Vip 515 - 0 views

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    Wheelchair with comfortble reclining back headrest. This wheelchair allows the user to obtain a more comfortable position, equally for those who are unable to sit at 90 degrees, but need to lie back. Options include elevating legrests and cushioning. This type of Wheelchair is a superb light weight aluminium total care chair with all the actions one would wish. All fully adjustable, tilt in space, reclining back, multi positional headrest,elevating legrests and full pressure cushioning. The reclining deluxe manual wheelchair. This wheelchair has all the features one would need in a wheelchair, fully adjustable arms, legrests, reclining back and pop off wheels. To remove the wheels simply press the button in the centre of the wheel and slide them off. Ideal for those who need to recline in the wheelchair as the back rest on this wheelchair can be adjusted to any position. With cushions, elevating legrests and other options, this wheelchair can be configured to meet most needs. This chair does not have tilt in space mechanism or pressure care cushioning, for this must look to the tilt in space chair. Comfort and positioning tilt-in-space wheelchair which is durable, modern looking and comfortable. It offers adjustable seat height and depth, back height, length adjustable armpads and infinite recline and tilt. The multifunction tilt in space wheelchair focuses heavily on the need of each individual user which is why it has many adjustments in one frame to make sure it can alter to cater individual requirements. One of the main features of this chair is its tilt in space feature, which allows a step less adjustment of the backrest and the seat angle. This is easily operated from the push handle and can be quickly adjusted when needed. The design of the backrest and seating on the wheelchair helps ensure comfort and support for the user. Wheelchair comes with elevating leg rests fitted as standard which again are step less and easily adjusted. There is also the o
wheelchairindia9

Wheelchair Detachable Wheels - 0 views

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    Wheelchairs is designed for those who prefer a removable armrest wheelchair. A removable armrest allows for easy patient transfer in and out of the chair.This chair is available in a different seat width and comes complete with swingaway footrests. It also incorporates solid rubber casters for a smooth and easy roll. Both detachable and flip-back arms are designed for easier lateral transfers. Most Wheelchairs in this category have Desk-Length arms, a shorter arm that allows rolling up to a desk or table. All are folding-frame chairs and are available in different seat widths. Detachable armrest for use in conjunction with wheelchairs. The armrest is comprised of a horizontal member supported at one end by a vertical member. The horizontal and vertical members are releasably attached to the wheelchair frame, and the attachment of the horizontal member to the wheelchair frame allows rotation of the horizontal member from the normal position to a position of non-use behind the back of the wheelchair. Wheelchairs - Arm Rests: The armrests support the arms and shoulders in comfortable positions and are often used to push off of for transferring from sitting to standing or held on to for balance. Desk-length armrests are shorter than standard length rests and are often chosen so that a person can pull up to a desk or table for easier access. The shorter length of these armrests is undesirable if the wheelchair user needs to use them to assist pushing into a standing position. In this case a full-length armrest would be preferred. Wheelchairs - Footrests: The footrest and legrest support protect the lower leg and feet. If they are too high they decrease the weight carried through the back of the thighs and can cause increased pressure over the buttock region. If they are two low they can cause pressure over the posterior thighs and cause problems with clearing barriers in the environment such as incline transitions. The suggested height of the footrest from th
Nathan Goodyear

Progesterone metabolites regulate induction, growth, and suppression of estrogen- and p... - 0 views

  • in vitro studies had shown that the progesterone metabolites, 5α-dihydroprogesterone (5αP) and 3α-dihydroprogesterone (3αHP), respectively, exhibit procancer and anticancer effects on receptor-negative human breast cell lines
  • Onset and growth of ER/PR-negative human breast cell tumors were significantly stimulated by 5αP and inhibited by 3αHP
  • When both hormones were applied simultaneously, the stimulatory effects of 5αP were abrogated by the inhibitory effects of 3αHP and vice versa
  • ...31 more annotations...
  • Treatment with 3αHP subsequent to 5αP-induced tumor initiation resulted in suppression of further tumorigenesis and regression of existing tumors
  • Tumorigenesis of ER/PR-negative breast cells is significantly enhanced by 5αP and suppressed by 3αHP, the outcome depending on the relative concentrations of these two hormones in the microenvironment in the breast regions
  • The findings show that the production of 5αP greatly exceeds that of 3αHP in ER/PR-negative tumors and that treatment with 3αHP can effectively block tumorigenesis and cause existing tumors to regress
  • hypothesis that a high 3αHP-to-5αP concentration ratio in the microenvironment may foster normalcy in noncancerous breast regions.
  • a large proportion (about 30% to 60%) of breast tumors are ER and/or PR negative
  • about 90% of normal proliferating breast epithelial cells are receptor negative
  • Our previous in vitro studies had shown that breast tissues and cell lines readily convert progesterone to 5α-pregnanes, such as 5αP, and delta-4-pregnenes, such as 3αHP (Figure ​(Figure1),1), and that tumorous breast tissues [15] and tumorigenic breast cell lines [16] produce higher levels of 5αP and lower levels of 3αHP than do normal breast tissues and nontumorigenic cell lines
  • The progesterone metabolism studies suggested that increases in 5αP and decreases in 3αHP production accompany the shift toward breast cell neoplasia and tumorigenicity
  • In vitro studies on five different human breast cell lines showed that cell proliferation and detachment are significantly increased by 5αP and decreased by 3αHP
  • the prevailing theory of hormonal regulation of breast cancer, as well as hormone-based therapies, revolves around estrogen and/or progesterone and ER/PR-positive breast cells and tumors.
  • Not only do these "receptor-negative" breast cancers fail to benefit from current hormonal therapies, but they also generally exhibit more-aggressive biologic behaviors and poorer prognosis than the receptor-positive ones
  • The results of the studies reported here show for the first time that the progesterone metabolites, 5αP and 3αHP, act as hormones that regulate ER/PR-negative breast tumor formation, growth, and regression
  • The onset of the ER/PR-negative human breast cell tumors in mice was considerably accelerated, and the growth significantly stimulated, by just one or two applications of 5αP
  • In contrast, 3αHP retarded onset of tumor formation, suppressed tumor growth, and inhibited or regressed existing 5αP-induced tumors
  • When both hormones were administered simultaneously, the effects of one were abrogated by the effects of the other.
  • The 5αPR and 3αHPR (which are associated with the plasma membranes of both ER/PR-positive [19] and ER/PR-negative [29] cells) are distinct from each other and from known ER, PR, androgen, and corticosteroid receptors, and lack affinity for other steroids, such as progesterone, estrogen, androgens, corticosteroids, and other progesterone metabolites
  • Levels of 5αPR are upregulated by 5αP itself and estradiol, and downregulated by 3αHP in both ER/PR-positive and -negative cells
  • ndications are that 5αP acts via the surface receptor-linked mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; Erk1/2) pathway; 5αP significantly stimulates activation of Erk1/2 [30], increases the Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio [18] and actin depolymerization [31], and decreases expression of actin and adhesion plaque-associated vinculin [31], resulting in decreased apoptosis and increased mitosis and cell detachment
  • 3αHP appears to suppress protein kinase C (PKC), phospholipase C (PLC), Ca2+ mobilization (unpublished observations), and the Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio [18], and increases expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21 [18], resulting in increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation and detachment of breast cell lines.
  • serum from mice with tumors had significantly more 5αP than 3αHP
  • the tumors, which on average had about threefold higher concentrations of 5αP than the respective sera, and >10-fold higher 5αP than 3αHP levels
  • Previous in vitro metabolism studies showed that human breast tumor tissues convert significantly more progesterone to 5α-pregnanes like 5αP and less to 4-pregnenes like 3αHP than do paired normal (nontumorous) tissues
  • Similar differences in progesterone metabolism and enzyme gene expressions were observed between tumorigenic and nontumorigenic breast cell lines
  • breast carcinomas are able to synthesize progesterone
  • The current findings, along with the previous in vitro studies, suggest that the relative concentrations of 5αP and 3αHP in the breast microenvironment constitute important autocrine/paracrine determinants not only for tumorigenesis but also for potential regression of tumors and the maintenance of normalcy of ER/PR-negative breast cells/tissues.
  • Evidence presented here shows that a high concentration of 5αP, relative to 3αHP in the microenvironment, promotes initiation and growth of tumors, whereas a higher concentration of 3αHP, relative to 5αP, suppresses tumorigenesis and promotes normalcy
  • 5α-reductase and 5αPR levels are upregulated by 5αP
  • in the 3αHP-treated mice, the elevated 3αHP levels, relative to 5αP, in the microenvironment could have opposed progression to xenograft neoplasia by its inherent anticancer actions and the suppression of 5αP synthesis and 5αPR expression
  • the opposing actions of the progesterone metabolites also appear to exert some control over the estrogen-regulated effects on breast cancer by their ability to modulate ER numbers in ER-positive cells
  • because both ER/PR-negative and ER/PR-positive, as well as normal and tumorigenic human breast cell lines, have been shown to respond to 5αP and 3αHP in vitro, it is suggested that these endogenously produced progesterone metabolites may also play regulatory hormonal roles in ER/PR-positive breast cancers, as well as in the maintenance of normalcy in nontumorous breast tissues.
  • The in vivo data provide further evidence that progesterone metabolites, such as 5αP and 3αHP, deserve to be considered as active hormones in their own right, rather than inactive waste products
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    Progesterone metabolites and breast cancer
wheelchairindia9

Toilet Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Commode chairs are best suited for people who cannot use a regular toilet. The chairs enable patients who have limited mobility due to an accident or any medical condition to use the toilet with ease. The chair allows the patient to use the toilet without causing discomfort to the legs and back. The chair can be used by people who are restricted to a bed or wheelchair. A commode chair is a useful mobility for people of any age who are recovering from injury or surgery. The chair offers a reasonable level of independence to the user; a handy device to be presented to someone who needs it and for whom care. Commode Wheelchairs which are specially designed for aged and physically challenged people. These wheelchairs can be used for indoor toilet purposes. Fabricated using quality raw material, these wheelchairs are suitable for domestic and hospital purpose. There are two types for handicapped and disability product like Commode Wheelchair- Commode Wheelchair Rainbow 6 Commode Wheelchair Rainbow 7 Commode Wheelchair Rainbow 6: Karma commode wheelchair rainbow 6 comes with lot of exiting features for elderly or physically challenged person who want commode in wheelchair. Karma Rainbow 6 has single seat with center cut commode having cushion cover on top and removable pan or plastic commode seat with pot. Commode Wheelchair Rainbow 6 Features: Frame Material : M.S.Chrome Plated Single Seat with center cut commode Both Option Available In Single Seat Plastic Commode Seat With Pot. Cushioned Top Cover Square Pan Commode Pan Removable Pan Commode Wheelchair Rainbow 6 Measurements: Frame Style : Foldable Open Position Wheel To Wheel Width In : 26" (Inches) Seat Width : 18" (Inches) Total Width in Closing Position : 11" (Inches) Rear Wheel Size : 24" (Inches) Front Wheel Size : 8" (Inches) Seat to Floor Height : 19" (Inches) Seat Depth : 18" (Inches) Total Height : 34" (Inches) Max User Weight Capacity : 110 (kgs)
wheelchairindia9

Reclining Commode Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC is one of the multipurpose chairs which boast of features like reclining, inbuilt commode, customized armrest and footrest and foldable nature of the chair. Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC Features The wheelchair can be folded within very easily within seconds, making it easier during travels and outings. The backrest of the chair can be easily reclined, giving the user the freedom to relax by not moving up from the chair. The footrest can be inclined and adjusted so as to make the user comfortable during reclining or otherwise. A well paded thigh support is an add-on to the footrest. The front and rear wheels of the chair are designed and placed in such a way so as to support the reclining of the user, making it a very safe and friendly wheelchair. The inbuilt commode has its seat just underneath the main seat of the chair; it can be used by just removing the main seat. The Wheelchair can also be folded from between by just removing the commode and the chair's seat. This Wheelchair's functionality gives the user total freedom. Easy to fold and unfold within seconds. Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC Measurements Frame Style : Foldable Frame Material : MS Chrome Plated open position wheel to wheel width in : 26" (inches) Seat Width : 18" (inches) Total width in closing position : 11" (inches) Rear Wheel Size : 24" (inches) Front Wheel Size : 8" (inches) Seat to Floor Height in : 21" (inches) Seat Depth : 18" (inches) Total Height : 50" (inches) Max User Weight Capacity (kgs) : 110 Net Weight (kgs) : 23 Upholstery : Rexine Armrest : Detachable Leg rest : Detachable with elevated footrest Calf support for added comfort Wheel Quality : Rear Solid wheels Rear Wheel Lock : Yes Hand Brakes : No Drop back Handle : No Headrest Support Available Neck Support Available Plastic Commode seat with Pot. Cushioned Top Cover Rear tyer Solid tube less Round commode pan Removabl
wheelchairindia9

Recliner Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Reclining Back Wheelchair( bed cum wheelchair ) which are suitable for indoor as well as outdoor purposes. These wheel chairs are manufactured using high quality material to ensure high strength and durability. Wheelchairs are available in foldable frames and are capable for maximum weight. Reclining wheelchairs are available in standard folding frames with extended head supports and seat widths up to 24" wide. The recline mechanism is attendant operated with levers much like a bicycle brake lever. The levers operate hydraulic (pump) mechanisms for a smooth adjustment. Using this Recliner Wheelchair mechanism, the chair back can easily and frequently be positioned to any angle. Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC: Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC is one of the multipurpose chairs which boast of features like reclining, inbuilt commode, customized armrest and footrest and foldable nature of the chair. Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC Features: The wheelchair can be folded within very easily within seconds, making it easier during travels and outings. The backrest of the chair can be easily reclined, giving the user the freedom to relax by not moving up from the chair. The footrest can be inclined and adjusted so as to make the user comfortable during reclining or otherwise. A well paded thigh support is an add-on to the footrest. The front and rear wheels of the chair are designed and placed in such a way so as to support the reclining of the user, making it a very safe and friendly wheelchair. The inbuilt commode has its seat just underneath the main seat of the chair; it can be used by just removing the main seat. The Wheelchair can also be folded from between by just removing the commode and the chair's seat. This Wheelchair's functionality gives the user total freedom. Easy to fold and unfold within seconds. Reclining Wheelchair 609 GC Measurements: Frame Style : Foldable Frame Material : MS Chrome Plated open position wheel to wheel width in : 26" (inch
Nathan Goodyear

Circulating 2-hydroxy and 16-α hydroxy estrone levels and risk of breast canc... - 1 views

  • 2-OH estrogens bind to the estrogen receptor (ER) with affinity equivalent to or greater than estradiol
  • previous prospective studies have not observed any significant associations with either 2-OH or 16α-OH estrone or the ratio of the two metabolites and breast cancer risk overall.
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      whether that risk is increased or decreased
  • it has been hypothesized that metabolism favoring the 2-OH over the 16α-OH pathway may be inversely associated with breast cancer risk (28).
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • they may act as only weak mitogens (14, 15), or as inhibitors of proliferation
  • No significant associations have been observed between 2-OH estrone and breast cancer risk
  • While 16α-OH estrone binds to the ER with lower affinity than estradiol, it binds covalently (18-20) and once bound, fails to down-regulate the receptor (21). Thus, 16α-OH estrone stimulates cell proliferation in a manner comparable to estradiol in ER+ breast cancer cell lines
  • In this large prospective study of 2-OH and 16α-OH estrone metabolites and breast cancer risk, we did not observe any significant associations overall with either individual metabolite or with the ratio of the two metabolites
  • we observed positive associations with 2-OH estrone and the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio among women with lower BMI and women with ER-/PR-tumors,
  • To date, several epidemiologic studies have examined the association between the 2-OH and 16α-OH estrogen metabolites and breast cancer risk with inconclusive results.
  • circulating estrogen levels have been associated more strongly with ER+/PR+ tumors than with ER-/PR- tumors
  • our results do not support the hypothesis that metabolism favoring the 2-OH estrone pathway is more beneficial to breast cancer risk than that favoring the 16α-OH estrone pathway
  • we observed significant positive associations of both 2-OH estrone and the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio with ER-/PR-tumors
  • Three (30, 32, 33) of four (30-33) studies observed RRs above 1 for the association between 16α-OH estrone and breast cancer risk (range of RRs=1.23-2.47); none of the point estimates was statistically significant though one trend was suggestive
  • based on animal studies, 2-OH estrone and the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio have been hypothesized to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk
  • No significant associations have been observed between 2-OH estrone, 16α-OH estrone, or the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio and breast cancer risk and the direction of the estimates is not consistent across studies.
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      better worded is no consistent, significant associations.   There are some studies that point to the 16 catecholestrogen and increased cancer risk; limited studies show negative effects of 2 catecholestrogens on cancer risk and prospective studies available pretty much dispel the idea that the 2:16 ratio has an risk predictability.
  • we observed a suggestive inverse association with 16α-OH estrone and a significant positive association with the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio among lean women, suggesting possible associations in a low estrogen environment.
  • 16α-OH estrone increases unscheduled DNA synthesis in mouse mammary cells (27) and hence also may be genotoxic
  • Although 2-OH estrogens are capable of redox cycling, the semiquinones and quinones (i.e., the oxidized forms) form stable DNA adducts that are reversible without DNA destruction
  • In our population of PMH nonusers, we observed no associations with ER+/PR+ tumors, but significant positive associations with 2-OH estrone and the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio among women with ER-/PR- tumors
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      one of the few studies to find this association between 2 catecholestrogens and the 2:16 ratio and ER-/PR-tumors
  • Animal and in vitro studies have shown that hydroxy estrogens can induce DNA damage either directly, through the formation of quinones and DNA adducts, or indirectly, through redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      genotoxic via directe DNA adducts and indirectly via ROS; this is in addition to the proliferative effect
  • we observed a significant positive association between the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio and breast cancer risk among lean women
  • No significant associations have been observed with the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio
  • In the Danish study, no associations were observed with either ER+ or ER- tumors among PMH nonusers
  • significant positive associations with 2-OH estrone and the 2:16α-OH estrone ratio were observed among PMH users with ER+, but not ER-, tumors
  • it is possible that the genotoxicity of 2-OH estrone plays a role in hormone receptor negative tumors
  • 4-OH estrogens have a greater estrogenic potential than 2-OH estrogens, given the lower dissociation rate from estrogen receptors compared with estradiol (61), and are potentially more genotoxic since the quinones form unstable adducts, leading to depurination and mutation in vitro and in vivo
  • the balance between the catechol (i.e., 2-OH and 4-OH) and methoxy (i.e., 2-Me and 4-Me) estrogens may impact risk
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    The risks of estrogen metabolism are not clear cut.  Likely never will be due to the complexity of individual metabolism.  This study found no correlation between 2OH-Estrone and 2OH:16alpha-Estrone and breast cancer risk in ER+/PR+ breast cancer.  Translated: no benefit in breast cancer risk in 2OH-Estrone metabolism or increased 2OH:16alpha estrone metabolism.  There was a positive association between 2OH-Estrone and 2:16alpha-Estrone in women with ER-/PR- tumors and low BMI.
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wheelchairindia9

Easily Adjust Wrist & Forearm Splint with Thumb - 0 views

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    Wrist and Forearm Splint is designed to immobilize and provide firm and comfortable support to hand and wrist in various orthopedic conditions. It maintains the wrist in the functional position. Tynor's Wrist & Forearm Splint Right/Left Extra Large is made out of very sturdy PUF fused fabric & malleable, anatomically shaped splints. Designed for perfect support & immobilization of wrist & forearm. Tynor Wrist & Forearm Splint Right/Left is designed to provide comfortable and firm support to the wrist as well as to the forearm. It effectively works during various orthopedic conditions. It will keep the wrist in the functional position and speed up the recovery process. It will feel comfortable and relieved after applying this wrist and forearm support. The PUF fused fabric provide comfortable and smooth feel which does not cause any rashes on the skin. It allows proper ventilation system to the skin area and also the skin to breathe properly. It has aluminum splints which are easy to remove and apply as well as offers a better grip and a snug fit. It also has long length that will permit the easy movement. This brace enables free finger movement. It has a hook loop closure system which provides optimal compression and it can easily adjust it as per the requirement. Its brace has an in-built thumb opening which keeps the thumb relaxed and free from pressure. Wrist and Forearm Splint is designed to immobilize and provide firm and comfortable support to hand and wrist in various orthopedic conditions. It maintains the wrist in the functional position. Aesthetically appealing. Customizable splint. Perfect immobilization. Controlled compression. Anatomical thumb opening. Tynor Wrist & Forearm Splint (Right/Left) Features Made out of PUF fused Matty fabric Breathable Excellent aesthetics Improved comfort Enhanced life. Removable, Aluminum Splints Customized fitting Required degree of dorsi-flexion can be achieved Very good grip and immobilizat
wheelchairindia9

Easy Frame Size Adjustment On Karma Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Utilizing small wheels and lighter materials, transport wheelchairs can tip the scale at as little as 19 lbs., ideal for those looking for a highly portable option. Transport chairs also tend to be more affordable and offer the benefit of increased mobility without breaking the bank. This type of lightweight wheelchair is often referred to as a "transfer chair" and is typically used for shorter trips. Since it's geared towards storability and portability, it features four smaller wheels and dispenses with the larger, rear-mounted wheels that characterize standard wheelchairs. Its construction ensures that it's always foldable and portable, but does so at the expense of self-propulsion. Instead, a transport chair is built so that a caregiver can easily push the user from point A to B. Transport Wheelchair features a lightweight aluminum frame with a multiple finish options. It comes standard with padded-permanent armrests and swing-away footrests with composite footplates. It is an ideal solution for easy transportation and storage. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair: Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Specifications: Width 18" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 14" Seat Width 47cm Seat Depth 40cm Overall Width 66cm Overall Collapsed Width 36cm Armrest Height 21cm Overall Length 90cm Seat Height 47cm Backrest Height 38cm Overall Height 86cm Weight 9.2 k.g. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Seat and Back: AEGIS Microbe Shield Approved by the FDA, EPA, EU, etc., bonded anti-microbial barrier upholstery protects from odor, staining and deterioration from bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms. It is a shield for your health. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Extended Armrest: By simulating the natural position of arms, the extended armrest design is ergonomic and creates bigger seating space. An Ultra lightweight wheelchair (9.2 kg) with a compact design for either attendant assisted or self propelling users. The
Management Health Solutions Inc

Webinar: Focusing on the Big Picture of Your Supply Chain Yields Compelling Financial R... - 0 views

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    Continuous changes in the healthcare reimbursement criteria require executives across the industry to focus on enterprise-wide changes that have a positive effect on supply chain savings. It's a complex problem and it's easy to get distracted on one issue when having the ability to see a clear BIG picture of your entire supply chain is what can lead to the most dramatic results and return on investments. Register for MHS' webinar on November 01 (2:00pm EST) to learn about how their customers experience an average 4:1 ROI with continual savings into the millions and a positive financial impact to their bottom line through inventory reduction, avoidance of obsolete and expired inventory, improved charge capture for each patient, and physician preference card optimization. Click on http://bit.ly/UvD3nq Presenters *Michael Ferris: Co-Founder, MHS with over 30 years of supply chain management experience *Steve Basiliere: Former Director of Supply Chain Services at Saints Medical Center, Lowell, MA *Art Kozyrovicius: Finance and Procurement Systems Support at New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY WHY ATTEND? Join a unique discussion with healthcare supply chain thought leaders and understand how to drive significant and sustainable supply chain operational improvements. Get a jump on making an immediate and positive impact on your bottom line as you head into 2013. Register by clicking on http://bit.ly/UvD3nq Note: Event will be online, through WebEx Please Register at http://bit.ly/UvD3nq
Nathan Goodyear

Diet-induced obesity and low testosterone increase neuroinflammation and impair neural ... - 0 views

  • both obesity and low testosterone are also risk factors for neural dysfunction, including cognitive impairment [58–61] and development of AD
  • Levels of obesity and testosterone are often inversely correlated
  • diet-induced obesity causes significant metabolic disturbances and impairs central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • both obesity and low testosterone are linked with promotion of inflammatory pathways [70–72] and exert harmful actions on the central [73–75] and peripheral [29,76] nervous systems
  • In general, obesity-related changes were worsened by low testosterone and improved by testosterone treatment; however, this relationship was not statistically significant in several instances. Further, our data suggest that a common pathway that may contribute to obesity and testosterone effects is regulation of inflammation
  • fasting blood glucose levels were independently and additively increased by GDX-induced testosterone depletion and high-fat diet
  • testosterone treatment significantly reduced fasting glucose under both the normal and high-fat diets, demonstrating potential therapeutic efficacy of testosterone supplementation
  • fasting insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA index), and glucose tolerance, low testosterone tended to exacerbate and or testosterone treatment improved outcomes.
  • testosterone status did not significantly affect body weight
  • testosterone’s effects likely do not indicate an indirect result on adiposity but rather regulatory action(s) on other aspects of metabolic homeostasis
  • Prior work in rodents has shown diet-induced obesity induces insulin resistance in rat brain [63] and that testosterone replacement improves insulin sensitivity in obese rats [64]. Our findings are consistent with the human literature, which indicates that (i) testosterone levels are inversely correlated to insulin resistance and T2D in healthy [30,65] as well as obese men [66], and (ii) androgen therapy can improve some metabolic measures in overweight men with low testosterone
  • it has been shown that TNFα has inhibitory effects on neuron survival, differentiation, and neurite outgrowth
  • Our data demonstrate that low testosterone and obesity independently increased cerebrocortical mRNA levels of both TNFα and IL-1β
  • Testosterone status also affected metabolic and neural measures
  • many beneficial effects of testosterone, including inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression
  • neuroprotection [80,81], are dependent upon androgen receptors, the observed effects of testosterone in this study may involve androgen receptor activation
  • testosterone can be converted by the enzyme aromatase into estradiol, which is also known to exert anti-inflammatory [82] and neuroprotective [83] actions
  • glia are the primary sources of proinflammatory molecules in the CNS
  • poorer survival of neurons grown on glia from mice maintained on high-fat diet
  • Since testosterone can affect glial function [86] and improve neuronal growth and survival [87–89], it was unexpected that testosterone status exhibited rather modest effects on neural health indices with the only significant response being an increase in survival in the testosterone-treated, high-fat diet group
  • significantly increased expression of TNFα and IL-1β in glia cultures derived from obese mice
  • testosterone treatment significantly lowered TNFα and IL-1β expression to near basal levels even in obese mice, indicating a protective benefit of testosterone across diet conditions
  • IL-1β treatment has been shown to induce synapse loss and inhibit differentiation of neurons
  • Testosterone status and diet-induced obesity were associated with significant regulation of macrophage infiltration
  • testosterone prevented and/or restored thermal nociception in both diet groups
  • a possible mechanism by which obesity and testosterone levels may affect the health of both CNS and PNS
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    Study points to obesity and low Testosterone contribution of neuroinflammation.  No effect of body weight was seen with TRT.  This animal model found similar positive effects of TRT in insulin sensitivity.  Obesity and low T increase inflammatory cytokine production: this study found an increase in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and TRT reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta to near base-line.  Testosterone is neuroprotective and this study reviewed the small volume of evaded that pointed to benefit from estradiol.  Testosterone's effect on glial survival was positive but not significant.  Obesity and low T were found to be associated with increased macrophage infiltration in the PNS with increased TNF-alpha and IL-1beta.   Testosterone therapy improved peripheral neuropathy via its positive effects on nocicieption.
Nathan Goodyear

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation - 0 views

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    endogenous, not supplemented, estradiol positively correlated with inflammation, weight, insulin resistance, and increased homocysteine.  Likewise Testosterone positively correlated with increased weight, insulin resistance, yet negatively with HDL and SHBG.  This study looked at post-menopausal women.  The conclusion of this study was that endogenous estradiol and Testosterone are biomarkers for CVD risk.  If they are positively associated with an increased risk, then adding in extra E2 without opposition of Progesterone and Testosterone, then CVD risk is increased.
wheelchairindia9

Shower Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Commode chairs are portable toilets, designed to be placed at the bedside of a disabled individual whose activity is very limited. It is typically consist of a frame and a waste receptacle that can be easily removed and emptied. Having such a device close at hand is especially helpful for those too debilitated to make the trip to the bathroom. So, if someone close to needs the support and convenience that commodes can offer, the right place. Adapted and assisted toileting systems help provide independence while being designed to be practical, versatile and comfortable, as well as, easy to clean. These adjustable toilets and commodes can be used as a freestanding commode chair, over the toilet, on the toilet, or as a shower chair. Commode Wheelchair Rainbow 6 Features: Frame Material : M.S.Chrome Plated. Single Seat with center cut commode. Both Option Available In Single Seat. Plastic Commode Seat With Pot. Cushioned Top Cover. Square Pan Commode Pan . Removable Pan. Commode Wheelchair Rainbow 6 Measurements: Frame Style : Foldable Open Position Wheel To Wheel Width In : 26" (Inches) Seat Width : 18" (Inches) Total Width in Closing Position : 11" (Inches) Rear Wheel Size : 24" (Inches) Front Wheel Size : 8" (Inches) Seat to Floor Height : 19" (Inches) Seat Depth : 18" (Inches) Total Height : 34" (Inches) Max User Weight Capacity : 110 (kgs) Net Weight : 19.5 (kgs) Armrest : Fixed Footrest : Fixed Wheel Quality : Rear Tyre Solid Tube Less Rear Wheel Lock : Yes Hand Brakes : No Drop Back Handle : No Providing a wide range of commode wheelchairs which are specially designed for aged and physically challenged people. These wheelchairs can be used for indoor toilet purposes. Fabricated using quality raw material, these wheelchairs are suitable for western as well as Indian toilets. This advanced technology involved wheelchair has a comfortable seat and made of a strong steel frame. This chair is very durable
wheelchairindia9

Transport Chair - 0 views

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    Lightweight wheelchairs provide convenience and comfort to the user and caregiver alike and are often built using materials like aluminum and titanium alloy, while foldable wheelchairs allow for easy storage and transport. Merge the two styles, and got a great mobility aid that isn't a pain to lug around. Utilizing small wheels and lighter materials, transport wheelchairs can tip the scale at as little as 19 lbs, ideal for those looking for a highly portable option. Transport chairs also tend to be more affordable and offer the benefit of increased mobility without breaking the bank. Transport wheelchairs or companion chairs are companion wheelchairs where the purpose is for a companion to push the user. Most transporters have swing-away leg rests, fixed armrests, and side panels. Instead of the usual large back - small front wheels typical of most wheelchairs, light travel chairs have four small wheels providing much easier maneuverability of the chair. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair: Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Specifications: Width 18" Front/Rear Wheels 6" to 14" Seat Width 47cm Seat Depth 40cm Overall Width 66cm Overall Collapsed Width 36cm Armrest Height 21cm Overall Length 90cm Seat Height 47cm Backrest Height 38cm Overall Height 86cm Weight 9.2 k.g. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Seat and Back: AEGIS Microbe Shield Approved by the FDA, EPA, EU, etc., bonded anti-microbial barrier upholstery protects from odor, staining and deterioration from bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms. It is a shield for your health. Karma KM 2500 Small Wheel Wheelchair Extended Armrest: By simulating the natural position of arms, the extended armrest design is ergonomic and creates bigger seating space. An Ultra lightweight wheelchair (9.2 kg) with a compact design for either attendant assisted or self propelling users. The use of aircraft-grade aluminium alloy and double cross brace provide this model
wheelchairindia9

Karma Km 5000 Wheelchair - 0 views

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    Karma Reclining Wheelchair KM 5000 The karma reclining wheelchair km-5000 Transport Wheelchair is an ultra lightweight folding aluminum reclining wheelchair. With full length padded armrests, an adjustable height head pillow, and more this wheelchair has added comfort for any user. This chair also features swing-away elevating footrests and adjustable length leg supports and footplates. With a weight of 33 Lbs this chair can be transported with ease. Karma Reclining Wheelchair KM 5000 Features Folding 6061 T-6 Aircraft-grade aluminum frame in black powder coat finish Backrest Reclines 90°~163° and includes anti-tippers Full length padded detachable armrests with side panels Swing-away detachable elevating footrests Adjustable length leg supports & footplates Adjustable-height head pillow 14" Mag wheels with flat free polyurethane tires 7" x 1" Flat free front polyurethane casters Adjustable toggle wheel locks High-grade flame retardant, breathable nylon upholstery Limited lifetime warranty on frames and cross-braces, one year on parts One of only two lightweight recliners available in the USA Also Available in Large Manual Rear Wheel option, (KM- 5000F), please call for more info Frame Color: Silver WARRANTY 1 Year Karma Reclining Wheelchair KM 5000 Measurements Seat Width 18 inch. Seat Depth 18 inch. Seat Height 20 inch. Back Height 33 inch. Overall Height 51 inch. Overall Open Width 25 inch., 27 inch., 29 inch., 31 inch. Overall Length 39 inch. Weight Without Riggings 33 lb., 34 lb. Weight Cap 250 lb., 300 lb., 350 lb. Shipping Dimensions 39? L x 30? H x 14? W
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