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Nathan Goodyear

Metabolic Syndrome and Urologic Diseases - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3020279

inflammation low T low testosterone TNF-alpha IL-1B metabolic syndrome MetS metabolic syndrome

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Aug 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Aug 12
     
    Inflammation, TNF-alpha and IL-1B, reduces testosterone production.  Metabolic Syndrome, an inflammatory disease, shown to be associated low Testosterone.
Nathan Goodyear

Pericyte Depletion Results in Hypoxia-Associated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition a... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S1535610811004478

cancer treatment angiogenesis metastasis pericytes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jan 12
     
    current cancer treatments to inhibit angiogenesis, may be increasing metastasis of the cancer through decrease in the number of pericytes.
Nathan Goodyear

Increased Toll-Like Receptor Activity in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome - 0 views

care.diabetesjournals.org/...dc11-2375

TLR4 TLR2 toll-like receptors inflammation metabolic syndrome MetS cytokines IL-1Beta IL-6 IL-8 TNF-alpha obesity overweight

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Feb 12
     
    TLR2 and TLR4 are increased in patients with metabolic syndrome.  No surprise that IL-1Beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha were increased as well.
Nathan Goodyear

'Metabolic syndrome' in the brain: deficiency in omega-3 fatty acid exacerbates dysfunc... - 0 views

jp.physoc.org/2485

HFCS high-fructose corn syrup n-3 omega-3 metabolic syndrome brain insulin MetS

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 May 12
     
    diets with high high-fructose corn syrup and low omega-3 shown to slow cognitive processing in rat model.  This is basically, metabolic syndrome of the brain, as it is the result of hyperinsulinemia.
Nathan Goodyear

The Metabolic Syndrome: Inflammation, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cardiovascular disease - 0 views

www.ersnet.org/...51.pdf

inflammation diabetes cardiovascular disease metabolic syndrome MetS

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 02 Sep 13
     
    Inflammation plays a significant role in Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and glucose metabolism in men: current concepts and controversies - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...R37.full

Low T Testosterone metabolic syndrome MetS Diabetes men male glucose hormone hormones g

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Around 50% of ageing, obese men presenting to the diabetes clinic have lowered testosterone levels relative to reference ranges based on healthy young men
  • The absence of high-level evidence in this area is illustrated by the Endocrine Society testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency clinical practice guidelines (Bhasin et al. 2010), which are appropriate for, but not specific to men with metabolic disorders. All 32 recommendations made in these guidelines are based on either very low or low quality evidence.
  • A key concept relates to making a distinction between replacement and pharmacological testosterone therapy
  • ...59 more annotations...
  • The presence of symptoms was more closely linked to increasing age than to testosterone levels
  • Findings similar to type 2 diabetes were reported for men with the metabolic syndrome, which were associated with reductions in total testosterone of −2.2 nmol/l (95% CI −2.41 to 1.94) and in free testosterone
  • low testosterone is more predictive of the metabolic syndrome in lean men
  • Cross-sectional studies uniformly show that 30–50% of men with type 2 diabetes have lowered circulating testosterone levels, relative to references based on healthy young men
  • In a recent cross-sectional study of 240 middle-aged men (mean age 54 years) with either type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes or without diabetes (Ng Tang Fui et al. 2013b), increasing BMI and age were dominant drivers of low total and free testosterone respectively.
  • both diabetes and the metabolic syndrome are associated with a modest reduction in testosterone, in magnitude comparable with the effect of 10 years of ageing
  • In a cross-sectional study of 490 men with type 2 diabetes, there was a strong independent association of low testosterone with anaemia
  • In men, low testosterone is a marker of poor health, and may improve our ability to predict risk
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
       
      probably the most important point made in this article
  • low testosterone identifies men with an adverse metabolic phenotype
  • Diabetic men with low testosterone are significantly more likely to be obese or insulin resistant
  • increased inflammation, evidenced by higher CRP levels
  • Bioavailable but not free testosterone was independently predictive of mortality
  • It remains possible that low testosterone is a consequence of insulin resistance, or simply a biomarker, co-existing because of in-common risk factors.
  • In prospective studies, reviewed in detail elsewhere (Grossmann et al. 2010) the inverse association of low testosterone with metabolic syndrome or diabetes is less consistent for free testosterone compared with total testosterone
  • In a study from the Framingham cohort, SHBG but not testosterone was prospectively and independently associated with incident metabolic syndrome
  • low SHBG (Ding et al. 2009) but not testosterone (Haring et al. 2013) with an increased risk of future diabetes
  • In cross-sectional studies of men with (Grossmann et al. 2008) and without (Bonnet et al. 2013) diabetes, SHBG but not testosterone was inversely associated with worse glycaemic control
  • SHBG may have biological actions beyond serving as a carrier protein for and regulator of circulating sex steroids
  • In men with diabetes, free testosterone, if measured by gold standard equilibrium dialysis (Dhindsa et al. 2004), is reduced
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
       
      expensive, laborious process filled with variables
  • Low free testosterone remains inversely associated with insulin resistance, independent of SHBG (Grossmann et al. 2008). This suggests that the low testosterone–dysglycaemia association is not solely a consequence of low SHBG.
  • Experimental evidence reviewed below suggests that visceral adipose tissue is an important intermediate (rather than a confounder) in the inverse association of testosterone with insulin resistance and metabolic disorders.
  • testosterone promotes the commitment of pluripotent stem cells into the myogenic lineage and inhibits their differentiation into adipocytes
  • testosterone regulates the metabolic functions of mature adipocytes (Xu et al. 1991, Marin et al. 1995) and myocytes (Pitteloud et al. 2005) in ways that reduce insulin resistance.
  • Pre-clinical evidence (reviewed in Rao et al. (2013)) suggests that at the cellular level, testosterone may improve glucose metabolism by modulating the expression of the glucose-transported Glut4 and the insulin receptor, as well as by regulating key enzymes involved in glycolysis.
  • More recently testosterone has been shown to protect murine pancreatic β cells against glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis
  • Interestingly, a reciprocal feedback also appears to exist, given that not only chronic (Cameron et al. 1990, Allan 2013) but also, as shown more recently (Iranmanesh et al. 2012, Caronia et al. 2013), acute hyperglycaemia can lower testosterone levels.
  • There is also evidence that testosterone regulates insulin sensitivity directly and acutely
  • In men with prostate cancer commencing androgen deprivation therapy, both total as well as, although not in all studies (Smith 2004), visceral fat mass increases (Hamilton et al. 2011) within 3 months
  • More prolonged (>12 months) androgen deprivation therapy has been associated with increased risk of diabetes in several large observational registry studies
  • Testosterone has also been shown to reduce the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in some, but not all studies, reviewed recently in Kelly & Jones (2013). It is not know whether this effect is independent of testosterone-induced changes in body composition.
  • the observations discussed in this section suggest that it is the decrease in testosterone that causes insulin resistance and diabetes. One important caveat remains: the strongest evidence that low testosterone is the cause rather than consequence of insulin resistance comes from men with prostate cancer (Grossmann & Zajac 2011a) or biochemical castration, and from mice lacking the androgen receptor.
  • Several large prospective studies have shown that weight gain or development of type 2 diabetes is major drivers of the age-related decline in testosterone levels
  • there is increasing evidence that healthy ageing by itself is generally not associated with marked reductions in testosterone
  • Circulating testosterone, on an average 30%, is lower in obese compared with lean men
  • increased visceral fat is an important component in the association of low testosterone and insulin resistance
  • The vast majority of men with metabolic disorders have functional gonadal axis suppression with modest reductions in testosterone levels
  • obesity is a dominant risk factor
  • men with Klinefelter syndrome have an increased risk of metabolic disorders. Interestingly, greater body fat mass is already present before puberty
  • Only 5% of men with type 2 diabetes have elevated LH levels
  • inhibition of the gonadal axis predominantly takes place in the hypothalamus, especially with more severe obesity
  • Metabolic factors, such as leptin, insulin (via deficiency or resistance) and ghrelin are believed to act at the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus to inhibit gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) secretion from GNRH neurons situated in the preoptic area
  • kisspeptin has emerged as one of the most potent secretagogues of GNRH release
  • hypothesis that obesity-mediated inhibition of kisspeptin signalling contributes to the suppression of the HPT axis, infusion of a bioactive kisspeptin fragment has been recently shown to robustly increase LH pulsatility, LH levels and circulating testosterone in hypotestosteronaemic men with type 2 diabetes
  • A smaller study with a similar experimental design found that acute testosterone withdrawal reduced insulin sensitivity independent of body weight, whereas oestradiol withdrawal had no effects
  • suppression of the diabesity-associated HPT axis is functional, and may hence be reversible
  • Obesity and dysglycaemia and associated comorbidities such as obstructive sleep apnoea (Hoyos et al. 2012b) are important contributors to the suppression of the HPT axis
  • weight gain and development of diabetes accelerate the age-related decline in testosterone
  • Modifiable risk factors such as obesity and co-morbidities are more strongly associated with a decline in circulating testosterone levels than age alone
  • 55% of symptomatic androgen deficiency reverted to a normal testosterone or an asymptomatic state after 8-year follow-up, suggesting that androgen deficiency is not a stable state
  • Weight loss can reactivate the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis
  • Leptin treatment resolves hypogonadism in leptin-deficient men
  • The hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis remains responsive to treatment with aromatase inhibitors or selective oestrogen receptor modulators in obese men
  • Kisspeptin treatment increases LH secretion, pulse frequency and circulating testosterone levels in hypotestosteronaemic men with type 2 diabetes
  • change in BMI was associated with the change in testosterone (Corona et al. 2013a,b).
  • weight loss can lead to genuine reactivation of the gonadal axis by reversal of obesity-associated hypothalamic suppression
  • There is pre-clinical and observational evidence that chronic hyperglycaemia can inhibit the HPT axis
  • in men who improved their glycaemic control over time, testosterone levels increased. By contrast, in those men in whom glycaemic control worsened, testosterone decreased
  • testosterone levels should be measured after successful weight loss to identify men with an insufficient rise in their testosterone levels. Such men may have HPT axis pathology unrelated to their obesity, which will require appropriate evaluation and management.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Feb 14
     
    Article discusses the expanding evidence of low T and Metabolic syndrome.
Nathan Goodyear

Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism | Testosterone and ill-health in ag... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...ncpendmet1050.html

low T Testosterone health men male hormone hormones metabolic syndrome metabolic syndrome MetS insulin resistance diabetes aging

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Levels of total and bioavailable testosterone and SHBG were reported to be inversely correlated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in men aged 40–80 years
  • as were total testosterone and SHBG in men aged 65–96 years
  • and in a cross-sectional analysis of a large cohort of non-diabetic men aged 70–89 years
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • In longitudinal studies, decreased levels of total testosterone and SHBG predicted an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome in nonobese men
  • Free testosterone level is not associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older men
  • Levels of free, bioavailable and total testosterone are lower in men with T2DM than in age-matched controls,34, 35 and decreased total testosterone level predicts incident T2DM in middle-aged men.
  • men with T2DM commonly have low total or free testosterone levels
  • Total, bioavailable and free testosterone levels are inversely correlated with fasting insulin level and insulin resistance in middle-aged men without T2DM
  • total testosterone is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in men with normal or impaired glucose tolerance or T2DM
  • low SHBG level is more strongly associated with metabolic syndrome than low total testosterone in aging men
  • the recognized association between low SHBG level and insulin resistance
  • Low levels of SHBG are also associated with smaller, denser LDL-cholesterol molecules in nondiabetic men,58 and were found to predict increased cardiovascular disease mortality in one study of older men
  • Low levels of SHBG might reflect obesity, insulin resistance and overall poor health
  • Compared with those who have normal testosterone levels, men aged 40 years or more with total testosterone levels <9.8 nmol/l or elevated LH level have greater CIMT
  • In men aged 73–94 years, total testosterone was inversely correlated with CIMT
  • a prospective analysis of men aged 73–91 years, progression of CIMT was not related to total testosterone level, but it was inversely related to free testosterone level
  • A study of men aged 55 years or more found that those with total and bioavailable testosterone levels in the highest tertile had a lower risk of severe aortic atherosclerosis (detected by radiography as abdominal aortic calcification) than those with the lowest testosterone levels.
  • a large study of men aged 69–80 years, those with total or free testosterone in the lowest quartile had increased odds of lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease
  • the possibility of reverse causation has to be considered, as systemic illness can result in decreased testosterone levels
  • previous case–control studies and longitudinal studies have failed to identify low testosterone levels as strong predictors of clinically significant coronary disease
  • Reviews of trials on testosterone therapy in men with either low or low-to-normal testosterone levels have not shown consistent beneficial effects either on lipid profiles or on actual cardiovascular events.24, 54, 55 These trials, however, have not been designed or powered to detect treatment-related differences in cardiovascular outcome
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14
     
    Declining Testosterone or low Testosterone is clearly associated with poor health in men.   Very nice review of the association between low Testosterone and metabolic dysfunction.  Low T is associated with increased metabolic syndrome, Diabetes, weight gain, insulin resistance...
Nathan Goodyear

Inverse Association of Testosterone and the Metabolic Syndrome in Men Is Consistent acr... - 0 views

press.endocrine.org/...jc.2008-0054

Total Testosterone SHBG metabolic syndrome MetS metabolic syndrome hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14
     
    Total Testosterone and SHBG inversely associated with Metabolic Syndrome.
Nathan Goodyear

Endogenous sex hormones, metabolic syndrome... [Curr Cardiol Rep. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 1 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24585109

sex hormones men women Testosterone metabolic syndrome metabolic syndrome MetS diabetes SHBG

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 04 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 04 Mar 14
     
    Abstract ahead of print.  Low Testosterone in men is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome and type II Diabetes.  Just the opposite is the case in women: elevated Testosterone in women is associated with increasing metabolic syndrome and diabetes risk. Low  SHBG is associated with increased risk in both.
Nathan Goodyear

[Plasma testosterone, obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes]. - Abstract - Europe Pu... - 0 views

europepmc.org/...24268958

low T Testosterone cardiovascular disease metabolic syndrome metabolic syndrome MetS diabetes insulin resistance obesity men male hormones hormone

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Mar 14
     
    Androgen deprivation therapy leads to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type II diabetes in men. Testosterone therapy in men with IR, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type II Diabetes will result in improved cardiovascular risk.  
Nathan Goodyear

Low testosterone levels are associated with metabolic syndrome, in elderly men: the rol... - 0 views

eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/...P4295.short

low T Testosterone metabolic syndrome metabolic syndrome MetS men male hormones hormone hs-CRP insulin HDL waist circumference inflammation

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Mar 14
     
    Low Serum Testosterone inversely associated metabolic syndrome in men.  This study was conducted in the Ikaria islands.  No association was found with women and Testosterone.  In men, Testosterone was inversely associated with waist circumference, hs-CRP, insulin, and HDL.
Nathan Goodyear

Fifteen years of experience with intramuscular testosterone undecanoate for substitutio... - 0 views

www.endocrine-abstracts.org/...ea0032P652.htm

Testosterone metabolic syndrome metabolic syndrome MetS men male hormones hormone PSA prostate low T

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Mar 14
     
    Abstract presented finds that Testosterone IM undecanoate significantly reduced metabolic syndrome parameters in men.  This study looked at men with secondary hypogonadism and late onset.  The ages were from 15-72.  The full is not available as of this post.  The study only looked at serum T.  This limits the usefulness of this test.  According to this abstract, no evaluation of SHBG was performed.  Though not significant, PSA and prostate volume increased.
Nathan Goodyear

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation - 0 views

www.jendocrinolinvest.it/...abstract.cfm

MetS metabolic syndrome vitamin D vitamin D triglycerides blood pressure

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 11 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 11 Dec 13
     
    low vitamin D associated with an increased odds ratio of elevated blood pressure and elevated triglycerides in post-menopausal women with metabolic syndrome.
Nathan Goodyear

Low Sex-Hormone Binding Globulin is Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenop... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC1633722

metabolic syndrome Menopause SHBG Testosterone MetS women hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 13
     
    Post menopause associated with lower SHBG, increase in free Testosterone and increase in metabolic syndrome.
Nathan Goodyear

Glucose and insulin components of the metabol... [Am J Epidemiol. 2004] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...15353414

metabolic syndrome Testosterone hyperglycemia insulin resistance MetS hormone hormones women

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Aug 13
     
    Correlation between increasing male hormones (androgens) and poor glucose control and metabolic syndrome in post menopause women.
Nathan Goodyear

Long-term testosterone therapy in hypogonad... [Int J Clin Pract. 2013] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24127736

MetS metabolic syndrome testosterone metabolic syndrome men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Oct 13
     
    Long-term Testosterone therapy at "physiologic" levels shown to reduce Metabolic syndrome.
Nathan Goodyear

Association between sex hormone-binding glob... [Sao Paulo Med J. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24714992

SHBG metabolic syndrome MetS men

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Apr 14
     
    low levels of SHBG associated with increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome in men ages 40-70.
Nathan Goodyear

Clustering of metabolic and cardiovascular risk f... [Metabolism. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24929892

PCOS metabolic syndrome MetS metabolic syndrome cardiovascular disease women female hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 Jun 14
     
    When you look at PCOS in women, it is really just the early manifestation of Metabolic Syndrome.  PCOS no longer needs to be viewed through the prism of hormones and/or infertility but the means through which disease will walk.
Nathan Goodyear

Presence of Metabolic Syndrome in Football Linemen - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2582553

metabolic syndrome football MetS health

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 26 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 26 Sep 14
     
    Our findings should generate significant doubt about the presumed health of collegiate football linemen.  That is a startling conclusion.  This conclusion comes from the fact that 49% of Lineman evaluated in this study were found to have Metabolic Syndrome.
Nathan Goodyear

Association of hypovitaminosis D with metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome - 0 views

www.eje-online.org/...575.short

vitamin D deficiency PCOS MetS metabolic syndrome

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Sep 11
     
    vitamin D deficiency associated with metabolic features in PCOS
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