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Nathan Goodyear

JAMA Network | JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association | Probiotics for t... - 0 views

jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx

probiotics antibiotic induced diarrhea diearrhea antibiotic treatment prevention

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 May 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 May 12
     
    probiotics shown to not only prevent antibiotic induced diarrhea; but to be effective as a treatment. 
Nathan Goodyear

Enteropathogens associated with a... [FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2002] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...12381465

diarrhea endolimax nana blastocystis hominis parasites

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Oct 13
     
    multiple parasite infection cause of many cases of diarrhea.  A common combination of Blastocystis hominis and Endolimax nana is prevalent.
lisa saints

Lemon grass - 0 views

medicinalplants101.blogspot.com/...lemon-grass.html

lemon grass where to find lemon grass lemon grass health benefits health benefits of lemon grass medicinal plants medicinal plant herb herbs

shared by lisa saints on 09 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • lisa saints on 09 Nov 12
     
    Lemongrass has a plethora of uses medicinally and has been recommended for fever, flu, diarrhea, gas, bowel spasms, vomiting, stomachaches and others......
Nathan Goodyear

Blastocystis hominis and Endolimax nana Co-Infection Resulting in Chronic Diarrhea in a... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3383306

B hominis E nana diarrhea blastocystis hominis Endolimax nana

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 14 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 14 Oct 13
     
    B hominis and E nana co-infection cause of GI disturbance in immunocompetent male
fitspresso

LeanBiome™ (Official) | Get Save UpTo $540 Today Only! - 0 views

usleanbiome.com

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shared by fitspresso on 27 Sep 23 - No Cached
  • fitspresso on 27 Sep 23
     
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Nathan Goodyear

The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3735932

SCFA gut gut health diet nutrition metabolism gut flora gut microbiota

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Nov 16 - No Cached
  • Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are present in an approximate molar ratio of 60:20:20 in the colon and stool
  • SCFAs might play a key role in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome, bowel disorders, and certain types of cancer
  • SCFA administration positively influenced the treatment of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • Gut bacteria in the cecum and large intestine produce SCFAs mainly from nondigestible carbohydrates that pass the small intestine unaffected
  • plant cell-wall polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and resistant starches
  • inulin shifted the relative production of SCFAs from acetate to propionate and butyrate
  • age of approximately 3–4 years, when it becomes mature
  • SCFAs affect lipid, glucose, and cholesterol metabolism
  • colonocytes, the first host cells that take up SCFAs and which depend largely on butyrate for their energy supply
  • the microbiota educate the immune system and increase the tolerance to microbial immunodeterminants
  • the microbiota act as a metabolic organ that can break down otherwise indigestible food components, degrade potentially toxic food compounds like oxalate, and synthesize certain vitamins and amino acids
  • a large part of the SCFAs is used as a source of energy
  • The general idea is that colonocytes prefer butyrate to acetate and propionate, and oxidize it to ketone bodies and CO2
  • Exogenous acetate formed by colonic bacterial fermentation enters the blood compartment and is mixed with endogenous acetate released by tissues and organs (103, 104). Up to 70% of the acetate is taken up by the liver (105), where it is not only used as an energy source, but is also used as a substrate for the synthesis of cholesterol and long-chain fatty acids and as a cosubstrate for glutamine and glutamate synthesis
  • SCFAs regulate the balance between fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and lipolysis in the body.
  • Fatty acid oxidation is activated by SCFAs, while de novo synthesis and lipolysis are inhibited
  • obese animals in this study showed a 50% reduction in relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes (i.e., acetate and propionate producers), whereas the Firmicutes (i.e., butyrate producers) were proportionally increased compared with the lean counterparts.
  • increase in total fecal SCFA concentrations in obese humans.
  • In humans the distinct relation between the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and obesity is less clear.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Nov 16
     
    Great review of the role of SCFA in gut health and body metabolism
Nathan Goodyear

Intravenous Fluid Use in Athletes - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3435915

IV intravenous fluid nutrition athletes athlete sports medicine sports exercise

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Treatment of exercise-associated hyponatremia with hypertonic IV infusion to correct plasma sodium levels is also a standard and accepted use of IV fluid infusions
  • athletes who present for medical care with hypernatremia who cannot tolerate oral fluids can benefit from IV fluids
  • Vaporization of sweat accounts for 80% of heat loss in hot, dry atmospheric conditions. This mechanism of water loss is the major contributor for exercise-associated dehydration
  • ...30 more annotations...
  • The rate of water loss can be quantified through measurement of sweat rate
  • Pre- and postexercise body weight measurements are the most common means to estimate overall water loss but are condition specific
  • It appears that 1% to 2% body weight loss is well tolerated by the exercising athlete
  • Dehydration, defined as greater than 2% loss of body weight, can negatively affect performance
  • In highly trained endurance athletes, plasma volume and sodium serum concentration were preserved despite a 5% body weight loss
  • In Ironman triathletes, dehydration to 5% body weight loss did not correlate with occurrence of medical complications
  • hydration should begin hours prior to exercise, especially if known deficits are present, and fluids should be consumed at a slow, steady rate, with 5 to 7 mL/kg taken 4 hours prior to exercise
  • Sodium concentration did not produce significant changes in the rate of absorption but was primarily dependent on carbohydrate concentration
  • Replacing 150% of body weight loss over 60 minutes has been tolerated without complications
  • IV treatment of severe dehydration (>7% body weight loss), exertional heat illness, nausea, emesis, or diarrhea, and in those who cannot ingest oral fluids for other reasons, is clinically indicated
  • A recent survey of the National Football League teams revealed that 75% (24 of 32) of the teams utilized IV infusion of fluids for prehydration in at least some otherwise healthy individuals
  • In the National Football League, an average of 1.5 L of normal saline was administered approximately 2.5 hours prior to competition
  • after 2 hours of exercise, the rectal temperature was 0.6° higher in the group not receiving IV infusion. Also, stroke volume and cardiac output were 11% to 16% lower in the control group versus the IV infusion group.
  • Recent evidence suggests the etiology of EAMC is related to muscle fatigue and neuronal excitability
  • no correlation between hydration status or electrolyte concentrations with EAMC
  • there may be a subset of muscle cramping that is associated with a loss of both body fluid and sodium
  • Glycerol is the primary agent for oral hyperhydration
  • elevation of plasma volume by 200 to 300 mL via dextran infusion resulted in 15% increase in stroke volume, 4% increase in VO2 max, and an increase in the exercise time to fatigue
  • Neither the tonicity nor mode of hydration resulted in improved speed of rehydration, greater fluid retention, or improved performance
  • There are beneficial anecdotal reports of EAMC treatment in elite and professional-level athletes with IV hydration during the course of an event
  • Plasma volume was better restored during rehydration with IV fluids at preexercise and 5 minutes of exercise. At 15 minutes, there was no difference between IV and oral rehydration
  • More rapid restoration of plasma volume was accomplished in the IV treatment group with no advantages over oral rehydration in physiological strain, heat tolerance, ratings of perceived effort, or thermal sensations
  • No difference was found in exercise time to exhaustion. IV and oral rehydration methods were equally effective. Heart rates were statistically higher in the oral rehydration group through 75 minutes of exercise, and there were higher increases in norepinephrine plasma concentrations
  • No significant differences between the groups were found for time to recovery, number of days with pain, number of days with stiffness, sleep disturbance, fatigue, rectal temperature, and loss of appetite
  • The current data suggest that IV rehydration is faster than oral
  • There may be physiological benefits of decreased heart rate and norepinephrine in athletes rehydrated via IV route
  • Postexercise blood 1 hour and 24 hours showed no differences in circulating myoglobin or creatine kinase
  • The use of IV fluid may be beneficial for a subset of fluid sensitive athletes
  • this should be reserved for high-level athletes with strong histories of symptoms in well-monitored settings.
  • Volume expanders may also be beneficial for some athletes
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 15
     
    to be read
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