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indiacardiacsurg

Top Aortic Valve Replacement Surgeons in India You Can Rely On by Rachel Smith - 0 views

www.apsense.com/...-in-india-you-can-rely-on.html

aortic valve replacement aortic valve replacement surgeons in India cost of aortic valve replacement surgery heart valve replacement surgery heart valve replacement India's best heart valve replacement surgeons

shared by indiacardiacsurg on 25 Dec 21 - No Cached
  • indiacardiacsurg on 25 Dec 21
     
    The average cost of aortic valve replacement surgery in India is 40% much less than some other advanced countries taking care of quality presented by the best heart valve replacement surgeons in India is the best within the world. For Consultation with Top Aortic Valve Replacement Surgeons in India, call us at +91-9370586696 or Mail us at: enquiry@indiacardiacsurgerysite.com
indiacardiacsurg

Dr. Ajay Kaul: How Long Is Too Long to Wait for Tavi / Tavr Procedure In India? - 0 views

www.briefingwire.com/...r-tavi-tavr-procedure-in-india

Dr. Ajay Kaul Best TVAR Surgeon Fortis Delhi transcatheter aortic valve replacement Fortis Delhi

shared by indiacardiacsurg on 21 Mar 22 - No Cached
  • indiacardiacsurg on 21 Mar 22
     
    Modest delays in treatment have a great effect on the effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a patient with severe aortic stenosis, say Dr. Ajay Kaul TAVR Surgeon Fortis Delhi
indiacardiacsurg

The Bentall Procedure: Is the Gold Standard for Aortic Valve Disease - 101 Press Release - 0 views

www.101pressrelease.com/ndard-for-aortic-valve-disease

Bentall surgery in India Bentall Surgery Bentall surgery success rate Bentall surgery cost

shared by indiacardiacsurg on 12 Apr 22 - No Cached
  • indiacardiacsurg on 12 Apr 22
     
    With several years of experience in treating aortic defects and problems, the top hospitals in India offer the best service for a high Bentall surgery success rate. The Bentall surgery success rate is very high, and these surgeons have sent numerous successfully recovered happy patients home with total satisfaction.
indiacardiacsurg

Dr. Ajay Kaul Offering Precision In Heart Care - 0 views

indiacardiacsurgery.wordpress.com/...fering-precision-in-heart-care

Dr. Ajay Kaul trans catheter aortic valve replacement in India cost of trans catheter aortic valve

shared by indiacardiacsurg on 27 Jul 22 - No Cached
  • indiacardiacsurg on 27 Jul 22
     
    The cost of trans catheter aortic valve replacement in India is cheaper than a majority of nations in the world. The country is particularly famous amongst international patients looking for cardiac treatments as they're certain to find the best possible treatment at an affordable cost.
Nathan Goodyear

Sex steroids and cardiovascular disease Yeap BB - Asian J Androl - 0 views

www.ajandrology.com/article.asp

cardiovascular disease CVD sex estradiol carotid intima-media thickness hormones hormone men Testosterone estrogen

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Levels of SHBG are higher in older men, therefore levels of free T decline more steeply than total T as men's age increases.
  • calculations based on mass action equations may not reflect precisely free T measured using a reference method
  • free T declines more steeply with age than total T in both cross-sectional [35] and longitudinal studies, [36] as does free E2 in comparison to total E2
  • ...22 more annotations...
  • T may slow development of or progression of atherosclerosis by modulating effects on insulin resistance, inflammation, endothelial function, preclinical atherosclerosis or the vasculature.
  • these cross-sectional and longitudinal studies support a relationship between low circulating T with CIMT and higher E2 with its progression
  • lower levels of T are biomarkers for aortic vascular disease
  • circulating free T was negatively associated with the presence of AAA
  • luteinizing hormone (LH) was positively associated.
  • low levels of total or bioavailable T were associated with aortic atherosclerosis manifested as calcified deposits detected by radiography
  • Men with total or free T in the lowest quartile had increased adjusted ORs for PAD defined as ABI <0.90, as did men with free E2 in the highest quartile of values
  • The apparent association of SHBG with intermittent claudication reflects the correlation of total T with SHBG, while the contribution of E2 to risk of PAD remains unclear
  • men with total T in the lowest quartile of values (<11.7 nmol l−1 ) experienced an increased incidence of stroke or transient ischemic attack
  • lower total T with increased incidence of CVD events
  • cohort studies in mostly older men have supported the association of lower androgen levels with higher mortality
  • lower total or free T levels were associated with mortality in older men, but with discordant results for cause-specific mortality and for associations of E2
  • several large studies identifying lower endogenous levels of total or free T as independent predictors of all-cause or CVD-related deaths in middle-aged and older men
  • T exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, enhances flow-mediated brachial artery reactivity, and reduces arterial stiffness
  • Short-term T therapy had a beneficial effect on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in middle-aged men with coronary artery disease or chronic stable angina, [95],[96],[97] and reduced angina frequency in older men with diabetes and coronary artery disease
  • T therapy resulted in an increase in treadmill test duration and time to ST segment depression
  • there are interventional studies supporting a protective effect of exogenous T against myocardial ischemia in men with coronary artery disease
  • employ conservative doses
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 16 Jan 14
       
      This dosing is 100 fold higher then peak production of a  young man at 20-22.
  • Observational studies indicate that lower levels of endogenous T in older men are associated with the presence of carotid atherosclerosis, aortic and peripheral vascular disease, and incidence of CVD events and mortality
  • Interventional studies have shown beneficial effects of exogenous T on vascular function and on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in men with coronary artery disease
    • Nathan Goodyear
      Nathan Goodyear on 16 Jan 14
       
      the therapies employed in these studies were massively overdosed.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 Jan 14
     
    Nice review of all the sex hormones and their relationship to CVD in men.  
indiacardiacsurg

India's Best TAVR Surgeons with Unique Delivering Optimal Results - 0 views

www.linkedin.com/...delivering-optimal-surgerysite

cost of trans catheter aortic valve replacement (Tavr) India India's Best TAVR surgeons Top 10 TAVR surgeons of India

shared by indiacardiacsurg on 15 Sep 21 - No Cached
  • indiacardiacsurg on 15 Sep 21
     
    By giving the highest quality of medical treatment at a cost of trans catheter aortic valve replacement (Tavr) India, India has established itself as one of the most popular hubs to get treatments from around the world. India Cardiac Surgery Service Please call +91-9370586696 Email id: enquiry@indiacardiacsurgerysite.com
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone deficiency: A determinant of ao... [Atherosclerosis. 2014] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...24529157

low T Testosterone CAD CVD cardiovascular disease coronary artery

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Feb 14
     
    low Total Testosterone associated with CAD, particularly aortic.  Obviously, Testosterone, when low, is a marker of poor health in men.  However, low Testosterone can likely play a role in disease development, especially when age is factored in--low Testosterone in younger men likely plays an etiology versus a lesser impact in the elder.
Nathan Goodyear

Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism | Testosterone and ill-health in ag... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...ncpendmet1050.html

low T Testosterone health men male hormone hormones metabolic syndrome metabolic syndrome MetS insulin resistance diabetes aging

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14 - No Cached
  • Levels of total and bioavailable testosterone and SHBG were reported to be inversely correlated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in men aged 40–80 years
  • as were total testosterone and SHBG in men aged 65–96 years
  • and in a cross-sectional analysis of a large cohort of non-diabetic men aged 70–89 years
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • In longitudinal studies, decreased levels of total testosterone and SHBG predicted an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome in nonobese men
  • Free testosterone level is not associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older men
  • Levels of free, bioavailable and total testosterone are lower in men with T2DM than in age-matched controls,34, 35 and decreased total testosterone level predicts incident T2DM in middle-aged men.
  • men with T2DM commonly have low total or free testosterone levels
  • Total, bioavailable and free testosterone levels are inversely correlated with fasting insulin level and insulin resistance in middle-aged men without T2DM
  • total testosterone is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in men with normal or impaired glucose tolerance or T2DM
  • low SHBG level is more strongly associated with metabolic syndrome than low total testosterone in aging men
  • the recognized association between low SHBG level and insulin resistance
  • Low levels of SHBG are also associated with smaller, denser LDL-cholesterol molecules in nondiabetic men,58 and were found to predict increased cardiovascular disease mortality in one study of older men
  • Low levels of SHBG might reflect obesity, insulin resistance and overall poor health
  • Compared with those who have normal testosterone levels, men aged 40 years or more with total testosterone levels <9.8 nmol/l or elevated LH level have greater CIMT
  • In men aged 73–94 years, total testosterone was inversely correlated with CIMT
  • a prospective analysis of men aged 73–91 years, progression of CIMT was not related to total testosterone level, but it was inversely related to free testosterone level
  • A study of men aged 55 years or more found that those with total and bioavailable testosterone levels in the highest tertile had a lower risk of severe aortic atherosclerosis (detected by radiography as abdominal aortic calcification) than those with the lowest testosterone levels.
  • a large study of men aged 69–80 years, those with total or free testosterone in the lowest quartile had increased odds of lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease
  • the possibility of reverse causation has to be considered, as systemic illness can result in decreased testosterone levels
  • previous case–control studies and longitudinal studies have failed to identify low testosterone levels as strong predictors of clinically significant coronary disease
  • Reviews of trials on testosterone therapy in men with either low or low-to-normal testosterone levels have not shown consistent beneficial effects either on lipid profiles or on actual cardiovascular events.24, 54, 55 These trials, however, have not been designed or powered to detect treatment-related differences in cardiovascular outcome
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Mar 14
     
    Declining Testosterone or low Testosterone is clearly associated with poor health in men.   Very nice review of the association between low Testosterone and metabolic dysfunction.  Low T is associated with increased metabolic syndrome, Diabetes, weight gain, insulin resistance...
Nathan Goodyear

The effect of treatment with coenzyme Q10 on the mitochondrial function and superoxide ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...3031317

CoQ10 heart heart health mitochondria

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 Jun 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 Jun 17
     
    IM CoQ10 useful in animal model with cardiac hypertrophy and aortic stenosis.
indiacardiacsurg

Peyton Tremblay Renewed Her Life With Tavi/Tavr Procedure In India - 0 views

www.linkedin.com/...d-her-life-tavitavr-procedure-

Cost of Trans Catheter Aortic Valve Replacement (Tavr) India Low Cost Trans Aortic Valve Implantation (Tavi) India Top Hospitals for Tavi_Tavr Procedure India India's Best TAVR surgeons

shared by indiacardiacsurg on 30 Aug 21 - No Cached
  • indiacardiacsurg on 30 Aug 21
     
    My name is Peyton Tremblay My experience in Tavi/Tavr procedure in India was easy and hassle-free: without any complications and improved quality of life. I was able to walk without getting breathless, and that I had energy! India Cardiac Surgery Site Call us +91-9370586696 Email Id: enquiry@indiacardiacsurgerysite.com
indian-health

Valve replacement Surgeon in India Makes Valve Replacement Safer for Some High-Risk Pat... - 0 views

www.101pressrelease.com/t-safer-for-high-risk-patients

Valve Replacement Surgeons in India Best Heart Valve Replacement Surgeons of India Top heart valve replacement surgeons in india Top 10 Valve Replacement Surgeons of India list of Top Valve Replacement Surgeons India India's Best Valve Replacement Surgeon

shared by indian-health on 26 Apr 22 - No Cached
  • indian-health on 26 Apr 22
     
    Top 10 valve replacement surgeons of India defined that in TAVR, the surgeon places a catheter inside the heart and makes use of a balloon to open a brand new valve in the aortic valve.
indian-health

How Long to Wait For New Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery Procedures? - 0 views

www.briefingwire.com/...replacement-surgery-procedures

Valve Replacement Top Cardiac Surgery Hospitals Mumbai India Valve Replacement Surgery India Cost of Valve Replacement Surgery India Valve Replacement Surgery Cost in India Top Cardiac Surgery Hospitals Mumbai Best Hospitals for Heart surgery Mumbai Top H

shared by indian-health on 29 Nov 21 - No Cached
  • indian-health on 29 Nov 21
     
    More than 50,000 #TAVRprocedures have been executed with the #lowCostof #Valvereplacementsurgery in #India by #Tophearthospitals of #Mumbai. Read Full Press https://bit.ly/3xBbOOQ
indiacardiacsurg

India's Best TAVR Surgeons Achieving the Sustaining Improved Quality of Cardiac Surgery... - 0 views

indiacardiacsurgery.wordpress.com/...ty-of-cardiac-surgery-in-india

India's best TAVR surgeons best TAVR surgeons trans catheter aortic valve replacement cost of trans catheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in India

shared by indiacardiacsurg on 30 Apr 22 - No Cached
  • indiacardiacsurg on 30 Apr 22
     
    The risks of cardiac surgery can be zero if it's operated by India's best TAVR surgeons. In terms of cardiac surgery in India, patients can expect effective treatment and superior surgical treatment techniques from cardiologists or cardiac surgeons.
spineneuro

From Darkness to Hope: Dr. Vipul Gupta's Extraordinary Contributions to Neurological Ca... - 0 views

www.briefingwire.com/...-to-neurological-care-in-delhi

Dr. Vipul Gupta Best interventional neurologist in Delhi India

shared by spineneuro on 21 Jun 23 - No Cached
  • spineneuro on 21 Jun 23
     
    Dr. Vipul Gupta also researches new therapies, such as stem cell therapy for Cerebrovascular accidents. You can rely on the Best interventional neurologist in Delhi India for comprehensive care, from lifesaving Cerebrovascular accident and aortic care from you from diagnosis through recovery, ensuring you maintain great neurological health.
indiacardiacsurg

FDA Approved Konect Resilia Aortic Valved Conduit, by Dr Ajay Kaul India for Bentall Pr... - 0 views

www.briefingwire.com/...l-india-for-bentall-procedures

Dr. Ajay Kaul India Bentall treatment Dr. Naresh Trehan Best Cardiologist Delhi #Fortis Hospital Delhi

shared by indiacardiacsurg on 11 Dec 21 - No Cached
  • indiacardiacsurg on 11 Dec 21
     
    Dr. Ajay Kaul India stated that patients who present process a Bentall process are commonly younger than 60. So the Konect device with the Resilia tissue "would possibly offer extended valve sturdiness for a more active affected person populace," he stated. Fortis Hospital Delhi, India Dr. Ajay Kaul Phone No.: +91-9370586696
indiacardiacsurg

Dr. Ajay Kaul India in Favor of a Test for Aortic atresia, Raise your Hand - 0 views

www.briefingwire.com/...aortic-atresia-raise-your-hand

Dr. Ajay Kaul Best Cardiologist Fortis Hospital Delhi Dr. Ajay Kaul Cardiac Surgeon India Best Heart Aneurysm Surgeon of India

shared by indiacardiacsurg on 03 Feb 22 - No Cached
  • indiacardiacsurg on 03 Feb 22
     
    For at least the past two decades, Dr. Ajay Kaul India said, he and his colleagues have included the thumb-palm test in lectures to medical students and used the test for patients who might be at risk of carrying atresia. Dr. Ajay Kaul Phone No.: +91-9370586696 Email: drajaykaul@indiacardiacsurgery.com
indiacardiacsurg

High apoplexy Reduction with No-Touch Beating Heart Bypass Surgery - 0 views

www.briefingwire.com/...h-beating-heart-bypass-surgery

Dr. Naresh Trehan heart specialist India Best Cardiac Surgeon in Medanta Gurgaon Delhi Medanta Gurgaon Delhi

shared by indiacardiacsurg on 07 Feb 22 - No Cached
  • indiacardiacsurg on 07 Feb 22
     
    The no-touch beating heart technique completed "without aortic manipulation, at the same time as achieved best by a minority of surgeons, has an essential place within the risk patient undergoing CABG," commented Dr. Naresh Trehan heart specialist India. Email id: - nareshtrehan@indiacardiacsurgerysite.com Call: - +91-9370586696
indiacardiacsurg

Which heart conditions can be treated with minimally invasive surgery? - 0 views

youtube.com/...6vU0KjJeJQM

Heart Surgery in Low Cost Best hospitals for minimally invasive cardiac india Affordable Top surgeons of

shared by indiacardiacsurg on 01 Mar 25 - No Cached
  • indiacardiacsurg on 01 Mar 25
     
    Minimally invasive heart surgery treats conditions like Mitral and Aortic Valve issues, Atrial seal defect (ASD), certain Coronary Artery Bypass cases, and tricuspid valve Repair. With smaller cuts and faster recovery, it's the future of heart care.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone: a vascular hormone in health and disease - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...R47.full

testosterone hormone health disease hormones men male cardiovascular disease CVD

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 May 13 - No Cached
  • Testosterone has beneficial effects on several cardiovascular risk factors, which include cholesterol, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation
  • In clinical studies, acute and chronic testosterone administration increases coronary artery diameter and flow, improves cardiac ischaemia and symptoms in men with chronic stable angina and reduces peripheral vascular resistance in chronic heart failure.
  • testosterone is an L-calcium channel blocker and induces potassium channel activation in vascular smooth muscle cells
  • ...54 more annotations...
  • Animal studies have consistently demonstrated that testosterone is atheroprotective, whereas testosterone deficiency promotes the early stages of atherogenesis
  • there is no compelling evidence that testosterone replacement to levels within the normal healthy range contributes adversely to the pathogenesis of CVD (Carson & Rosano 2011) or prostate cancer (Morgentaler & Schulman 2009)
  • bidirectional effect between decreased testosterone concentrations and disease pathology exists as concomitant cardiovascular risk factors (including inflammation, obesity and insulin resistance) are known to reduce testosterone levels and that testosterone confers beneficial effects on these cardiovascular risk factors
  • Achieving a normal physiological testosterone concentration through the administration of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has been shown to improve risk factors for atherosclerosis including reducing central adiposity and insulin resistance and improving lipid profiles (in particular, lowering cholesterol), clotting and inflammatory profiles and vascular function
  • It is well known that impaired erectile function and CVD are closely related in that ED can be the first clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis often preceding a cardiovascular event by 3–5 years
  • no decrease in the response (i.e. no tachyphylaxis) of testosterone and that patient benefit persists in the long term.
  • free testosterone levels within the physiological range, has been shown to result in a marked increase in both flow- and nitroglycerin-mediated brachial artery vasodilation in men with CAD
  • Clinical studies, however, have revealed either small reductions of 2–3 mm in diastolic pressure or no significant effects when testosterone is replaced within normal physiological limits in humans
  • Endothelium-independent mechanisms of testosterone are considered to occur primarily via the inhibition of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCCs) and/or activation of K+ channels (KCs) on smooth muscle cells (SMCs)
  • Testosterone shares the same molecular binding site as nifedipine
  • Testosterone increases the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and enhances nitric oxide (NO) production
  • Testosterone also inhibited the Ca2+ influx response to PGF2α
  • one of the major actions of testosterone is on NO and its signalling pathways
  • In addition to direct effects on NOS expression, testosterone may also affect phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5 (PDE5A)) gene expression, an enzyme controlling the degradation of cGMP, which acts as a vasodilatory second messenger
  • the significance of the action of testosterone on VSMC apoptosis and proliferation in atherosclerosis is difficult to delineate and may be dependent upon the stage of plaque development
  • Several human studies have shown that carotid IMT (CIMT) and aortic calcification negatively correlate with serum testosterone
  • t long-term testosterone treatment reduced CIMT in men with low testosterone levels and angina
  • neither intracellular nor membrane-associated ARs are required for the rapid vasodilator effect
  • acute responses appear to be AR independent, long-term AR-mediated effects on the vasculature have also been described, primarily in the context of vascular tone regulation via the modulation of gene transcription
  • Testosterone and DHT increased the expression of eNOS in HUVECs
  • oestrogens have been shown to activate eNOS and stimulate NO production in an ERα-dependent manner
  • Several studies, however, have demonstrated that the vasodilatory actions of testosterone are not reduced by aromatase inhibition
  • non-aromatisable DHT elicited similar vasodilation to testosterone treatment in arterial smooth muscle
  • increased endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression and phosphorylation were observed in testosterone- and DHT-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells
  • Androgen deprivation leads to a reduction in neuronal NOS expression associated with a decrease of intracavernosal pressure in penile arteries during erection, an effect that is promptly reversed by androgen replacement therapy
  • Observational evidence suggests that several pro-inflammatory cytokines (including interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL6, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), and highly sensitive CRP) and serum testosterone levels are inversely associated in patients with CAD, T2DM and/or hypogonadism
  • patients with the highest IL1β concentrations had lower endogenous testosterone levels
  • TRT has been reported to significantly reduce TNFα and elevate the circulating anti-inflammatory IL10 in hypogonadal men with CVD
  • testosterone treatment to normalise levels in hypogonadal men with the MetS resulted in a significant reduction in the circulating CRP, IL1β and TNFα, with a trend towards lower IL6 compared with placebo
  • parenteral testosterone undecanoate, CRP decreased significantly in hypogonadal elderly men
  • Higher levels of serum adiponectin have been shown to lower cardiovascular risk
  • Research suggests that the expression of VCAM-1, as induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα or interferon γ (IFNγ (IFNG)) in endothelial cells, can be attenuated by treatment with testosterone
  • Testosterone also inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL6, IL1β and TNFα in a range of cell types including human endothelial cells
  • decreased inflammatory response to TNFα and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human endothelial cells when treated with DHT
  • The key to unravelling the link between testosterone and its role in atherosclerosis may lay in the understanding of testosterone signalling and the cross-talk between receptors and intracellular events that result in pro- and/or anti-inflammatory actions in athero-sensitive cells.
  • testosterone functions through the AR to modulate adhesion molecule expression
  • pre-treatment with DHT reduced the cytokine-stimulated inflammatory response
  • DHT inhibited NFκB activation
  • DHT could inhibit an LPS-induced upregulation of MCP1
  • Both NFκB and AR act at the transcriptional level and have been experimentally found to be antagonistic to each other
  • As the AR and NFκB are mutual antagonists, their interaction and influence on functions can be bidirectional, with inflammatory agents that activate NFκB interfering with normal androgen signalling as well as the AR interrupting NFκB inflammatory transcription
  • prolonged exposure of vascular cells to the inflammatory activation of NFκB associated with atherosclerosis may reduce or alter any potentially protective effects of testosterone
  • DHT and IFNγ also modulate each other's signalling through interaction at the transcriptional level, suggesting that androgens down-regulate IFN-induced genes
  • (Simoncini et al. 2000a,b). Norata et al. (2010) suggest that part of the testosterone-mediated atheroprotective effects could depend on ER activation mediated by the testosterone/DHT 3β-derivative, 3β-Adiol
  • TNFα-induced induction of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin as well as MCP1 and IL6 was significantly reduced by a pre-incubation with 3β-Adiol in HUVECs
  • 3β-Adiol also reduced LPS-induced gene expression of IL6, TNFα, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2 (PTGS2)), CD40, CX3CR1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, MMP9, resistin, pentraxin-3 and MCP1 in the monocytic cell line U937 (Norata et al. 2010)
  • This study suggests that testosterone metabolites, other than those generated through aromatisation, could exert anti-inflammatory effects that are mediated by ER activation.
  • The authors suggest that DHT differentially effects COX2 levels under physiological and pathophysiological conditions in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells and via AR-dependent and -independent mechanisms influenced by the physiological state of the cell
  • There are, however, a number of systematic meta-analyses of clinical trials of TRT that have not demonstrated an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events or mortality
  • The TOM trial, which was designed to investigate the effect of TRT on frailty in elderly men, was terminated prematurely as a result of an increased incidence of cardiovascular-related events after 6 months in the treatment arm
  • trials of TRT in men with either chronic stable angina or chronic cardiac failure have also found no increase in either cardiovascular events or mortality in studies up to 12 months
  • Evidence may therefore suggest that low testosterone levels and testosterone levels above the normal range have an adverse effect on CVD, whereas testosterone levels titrated to within the mid- to upper-normal range have at least a neutral effect or, taking into account the knowledge of the beneficial effects of testosterone on a series of cardiovascular risk factors, there may possibly be a cardioprotective action
  • The effect of testosterone on human vascular function is a complex issue and may be dependent upon the underlying androgen and/or disease status.
  • the majority of studies suggest that testosterone may display both acute and chronic vasodilatory effects upon various vascular beds at both physiological and supraphysiological concentrations and via endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 May 13
     
    Good deep look into the testosterone and CVD link.
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