Group items matching

in title, tags, annotations or url

The Web Science Trust (WST) is a charitable body with the aim of supporting the global development of Web Science  through a network of world class laboratories known as WSTnet . It is hosted by the University of Southampton. The origins of the Web Science Trust can be found in the Web Science Research Initiative (WSRI) which was established in 2006.

"Stephanie King (University of St. Andrews) et al.: Proceedings of the Royal Society B, doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0053" Zusammenfassend lasse das eigentlich nur den Schluss zu, dass sich die kopierten Pfiffe direkt an den Träger der Signatur richteten - und dass der Nachahmer diesem zu verstehen gebe, wer ihn da rufe. Referenzielle Kommunikation nennen die Forscher dieses Verhalten. Man könnte auch sagen: Die Delfine rufen gegenseitig ihre Namen - allerdings nur dann, wenn es sich an einen engen Vertrauten richtet und auch nur im äußersten Notfall. Delfine sind damit neben dem Menschen die einzigen Lebewesen, bei denen ein solches Verhalten jemals beobachtet wurde.

""Die Viren scheinen genauso häufig zu sein wie die SAR1-Bakterien selbst", sagte Giovannoni. Sie töten ständig Unmengen von ihnen. Offenbar sind die SAR11-Bakterien aber in der Lage, sich an die Bedrohung anzupassen und dadurch ihre Population stabil zu halten, sagen die Forscher. Es gibt also demnach ein ständiges Wettrüsten zwischen den Meeresbakterien und ihren viralen Feinden. Das Wissen über dieses Zusammenspiel sei ein wichtiges Puzzleteil beim Verständnis der Stoffkreisläufe im Ozean. Das Gleichgewicht im Kampf zwischen SAR11-Bakterien und Pelagiphagen beeinflusst letztendlich alles Leben auf unserem Planeten, resümieren die Wissenschaftler. Stephen Giovannoni (Oregon State University) et al.: Nature, doi:10.1038/nature11921 "

"Die schrumpfenden Fledermaus-Populationen haben aber auch gravierende wirtschaftliche Folgen, wie Ökologen um Justin Boyles von der University of Pretoria in Südafrika im Fachblatt Science zeigen (online). Je nachdem, welche Region man den Berechnungen zugrunde legt, beträgt der wirtschaftliche Wert der Fledermäuse in den USA zwischen 3,7 und 53 Milliarden Dollar pro Jahr. Fledermäuse fressen Insekten, darunter viele Pflanzenschädlinge"

"We empower a global community with the mindset, skillset, and network to create an abundant future. Join us on a transformative journey from inspiration to impact, and discover what being exponential means to you."

"Previous research on rhesus macaques discovered that social rank influenced components of the stress response, brain, and immune system. With gene chip technology for measuring the expression of over 6,000 different genes, Tung, Gilad and colleagues at Yerkes, Emory University, and Johns Hopkins looked for the first time in primates at the effects of social rank on genetic function. Comparing 49 different female monkeys of different rank revealed significant changes in the expression of 987 genes, including 112 genes associated with immune system function. The result fits with data in monkeys where low rank and chronic stress lead to compromised immune function, and, more loosely, with human studies linking low socioeconomic status and high social stress to elevated disease risk."

OpenLab Network facilitates innovative, creative and collaborative research with art, community, design, technology, and science with the University of California Santa Cruz.

The vision of a national digital library has been circulating among librarians, scholars, educators, and private industry representatives since the early 1990s, but it has not yet materialized. Efforts led by a range of organizations, including the Library of Congress, HathiTrust, and the Internet Archive, have successfully built resources that provide books, images, historical records, and audiovisual materials to anyone with Internet access. Many universities, public libraries, and other public-spirited organizations have digitized materials that could be brought together under the frame of the DPLA, but these digital collections often exist in silos.

A leader in service and learning

"14.03.2012 - Psychologie So klingen Gewinner! Wähler bevorzugen Politiker und Politikerinnen mit tiefen Stimmen Männliche und weibliche Kandidaten mit vergleichsweise tiefer Stimmlage besitzen bei Wahlen einen Vorteil - das hat zumindest eine Studie eines US-Forscherteams herausgefunden. Das Ergebnis macht erneut deutlich, wie entscheidend persönliche Eigenschaften eines Politikers und nicht nur sein Parteiprogramm im Wahlkampf sind, sagen Casey Klofstad von der University of Miami und seine Kollegen."

"Sexuell frustrierte Fliegen trösten sich mit Alkohol US-Biologen zufolge gibt es Frust-Trinker nicht nur unter Menschen: Wenn sexhungrige Fliegenmännchen von Weibchen abgewiesen werden, suchen sie Ersatzbefriedigung im Alkoholkonsum, zeigen Experimente. Die Erforschung der Ursachen dieses kuriosen Verhaltens könnte dazu beitragen, Sucht beim Menschen besser zu verstehen und zu behandeln, glauben Galit Shohat-Ophir von der University of California und seine Kollegen"

KSL conducts research in the areas of knowledge representation and automated reasoning in the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University. Current work focuses on enabling technology for the Semantic Web, hybrid reasoning, explaining answers from heterogeneous applications, deductive question-answering, representing and reasoning with multiple contexts, knowledge aggregation, ontology engineering, and knowledge-based technology for intelligence analysts and other knowledge workers.

Open Economics Working Group is run by the Open Knowledge Foundation in association with the Centre for Intellectual and Property Law (CIPIL) at the University of Cambridge. Its membership consists of leading academics and researchers, public and private sector economists, representatives from national and international public bodies and other experts from around the world.

Library Catalog: Search for Books, Journals, Music and More

Department of History and Philosophy of Science

Research news from top universities

"Hundreds of species of bacteria call the human gut their home. This gut "microbiome" influences our physiology and health in ways that scientists are only beginning to understand. Now, a new study suggests that gut bacteria can even mess with the mind, altering brain chemistry and changing mood and behavior. In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in how gut bacteria might influence the brain and behavior, says John Cryan, a neuroscientist at University College Cork in Ireland. So far, most of the work has focused on how pathogenic bugs influence the brain by releasing toxins or stimulating the immune system, Cryan says. One recent study suggested that even benign bacteria can alter the brain and behavior, but until now there has been very little work in this area, Cryan says."

""We probably have underestimated the role our microbial flora play in modulating disease risk," says Daniel Rader, a heart disease specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Rader, who was not involved in the study, says that gut bacteria may not be as big a factor in causing heart disease as diabetes or smoking, but could be important in tipping some people toward sickness. Researchers led by Stanley Hazen, a cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic, didn't start out to study gut bacteria. In fact, says Hazen, he had "no clue - zero," that intestinal microbes were involved in heart disease. "I'd never even considered it or thought of the concept." Hazen and his colleagues compared blood plasma from healthy people to plasma from people who had had heart attacks, strokes or died to see if substances in the blood could predict who is in danger from heart disease. The researchers found 18 small molecules associated with fat buildup in the arteries. One of the best predictors turned out to be a byproduct made when gut bacteria break down a fat called choline (also known as lecithin). The more of this byproduct, called trimethylamine N-oxide or TMAO, a person or mouse has in the blood, the higher the risk of getting heart disease, the researchers found. Gut bacteria are actually middlemen in TMAO production. The microbes convert lecithin to a gas that smells like rotten fish. Then an enzyme in the liver changes the foul-smelling gas to TMAO."