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Irene V.

Untitled Document - 0 views

  • For decades our understanding of economic production has been that individuals order their productive activities in one of two ways: either as employees in firms, following the directions of managers, or as individuals in markets, following price signals. This dichotomy was first identified in the early work of Nobel laureate Ronald Coase, and was developed most explicitly in the work of neo-institutional economist Oliver Williamson. In the past three or four years, public attention has focused on a fifteen-year-old social-economic phenomenon in the software development world. This phenomenon, called free software or open source software, involves thousands or even tens of thousands of programmers contributing to large and small scale project, where the central organizing principle is that the software remains free of most constraints on copying and use common to proprietary materials. No one "owns" the software in the traditional sense of being able to command how it is used or developed, or to control its disposition. The result is the emergence of a vibrant, innovative and productive collaboration, whose participants are not organized in firms and do not choose their projects in response to price signals.
  • much broader social-economic phenomenon. I suggest that we are seeing is the broad and deep emergence of a new, third mode of production in the digitally networked environment. I call this mode "commons-based peer-production," to distinguish it from the property- and contract-based models of firms and markets. Its central characteristic is that groups of individuals successfully collaborate on large-scale projects following a diverse cluster of motivational drives and social signals, rather than either market prices or managerial commands.
  • this mode has systematic advantages over markets and managerial hierarchies when the object of production is information or culture, and where the capital investment necessary for production-computers and communications capabilities-is widely distributed instead of concentrated. In particular, this mode of production is better than firms and markets for two reasons. First, it is better at identifying and assigning human capital to information and cultural production processes. In this regard, peer-production has an advantage in what I call "information opportunity cost." That is, it loses less information about who the best person for a given job might be than do either of the other two organizational modes. Second, there are substantial increasing returns to allow very larger clusters of potential contributors to interact with very large clusters of information resources in search of new projects and collaboration enterprises. Removing property and contract as the organizing principles of collaboration substantially reduces transaction costs involved in allowing these large clusters of potential contributors to review and select which resources to work on, for which projects, and with which collaborators. This results in allocation gains, that increase more than proportionately with the increase in the number of individuals and resources that are part of the system. The article concludes with an overview of how these models use a variety of technological and social strategies to overcome the collective action problems usually solved in managerial and market-based systems by property and contract.
Irene V.

Marketing trends in 2012 | B&T - 0 views

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    Marketing trends in 2012 25 January, 2012 Madeleine Ross comments "Opportunities go begging in a market ripe for the brave," says Deloitte chief marketing officer David Redhill, and that's certainly the attitude of many marketers looking at the next 12 months. In this year's tough economic climate, with financial trouble plaguing most of Europe and the USA, Australian marketers will be cautious, but that doesn't mean they'll stop spending. Local consumers have grown accustomed to being circumspect and are now looking to do business with reliable institutions. According to Commonwealth Bank's chief marketing and online officer, Andy Lark: "if you're trusted and you've got a good brand, you're in a good position." Reports of flailing foreign economies won't wreak the same havoc they used to on the industry, with agencies and clients now looking towards the  potential downturn as an opportunity to cleverly and cost-effectively win over customers at their most vulnerable. "There is a lot of caution in the market and we are as circumspect as the next business," says Redhill. "But at the same time marketers who invest in brands in downtime are usually the winners because they will emerge stronger as competitors shrink their budgets and reel in their more expansive plans."  The Tontine Group's product development and marketing manager, Lucinda Kew, agrees: "It is actually the brands that invest through difficult times which end up getting the best results because… you're resonating with people and when they get through those difficult times, hopefully you're their brand of choice." More for the same The Commonwealth Bank, bedding manufacturer Tontine and financial advisory firm, Deloitte all plan to maintain their marketing spends this year. That's a relief for agencies, especially in the midst of rumours about a 'race to the bottom' where agencies are fighting for clients and remuneration offers are slumping. But that's not to say brands or agencies can r
Irene V.

Scientists prove telecommuting is awesome - Online Collaboration - 0 views

  • You’re a manager and you’re thinking of allowing your team to telecommute. The reasons sound sensible enough: Anecdotal evidence suggests remote work leads to happier more productive workers and less environmental impact.
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    You're a manager and you're thinking of allowing your team to telecommute. The reasons sound sensible enough: Anecdotal evidence suggests remote work leads to happier more productive workers and less environmental impact.
Irene V.

Multitude Project: Why I don't like crowdsourcing - 0 views

  • Crowdsourcing came from the realization that companies (i.e. closed and hierarchical (feudal) organizations) can use the new technology to coordinate input from a very large number of entities, including a mass of individuals. The relation remains asymmetrical between the outsourceR, a closed, intrinsically individualistic organization and the outsourceE. The only thing that changes is the nature of the outsourceE. Instead of being one entity (individual or organization) executing a particular set of tasks, it is now an informal group of individuals, the crowd. In the eyes of the outsourceR the role of the outsourceE is the same. Although the different nature of the outsourceE forces the outsourceR to slightly modify its practices. There are two important patterns of crowdsourcing A company creating and maintaining it's own crowd for harvesting - the case of FIAT and its Mio project.  A web-based company offering a matchmaking service between companies' needs and the crowd - http://www.ideaken.com/   
  • over the crowd
  • which has some advantage
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  • powerful entity
  • Structurally speaking, a crowdsourcing network is highly centralized.
  • The multitude movement we are observing is a movement that empowers the individual. We are all waking up realizing that we have power as individuals AND as groups. We are also realizing that power relations are not necessary anymore to organize ourselves in large and productive/efficient groups, if we have at our disposal effective means of communication and coordination. Hence the growing tendency to form decentralized networks rather than hierarchies. In fact, it is possible for a decentralized value network to self-structure and to produce very complex output. We don't need that powerful entity to analyse and coordinate action. That entity has lost its power, because it doesn't play a necessary and irreplaceable role anymore. That entity is still strong today, because it still has under its control important assets and capacity of production. But these things are now being transferred to the crowd. So we don't need a corporation to milk the crowd anymore. The crowd can deliver by itself.
  • SENSORICA, the open value network I am setting up is an example of a system centered around the individual and its capacity to work in collaboration. SENSORICA is not an entity exploiting the crowd, it is the crowd creating solutions for its own problems. It's mode of production is commons-based peer production (Yochai Benkler).
Irene V.

10 Ways to Make Your Study Sessions More Productive | Enhanced with Minerals for Taste - 0 views

  • “if you don’t know where you’re going, any road will take you there.” The road to learning specific information is, itself, very specific. Chart your path in advance and you’re in for a very productive session.
  • note taking methods
  • mind mapping, Cornell notes, outline format, sentence format,
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  • drink a bit of water (500mL is good), and stretch your back, neck, arms and legs. Streching promotes blood flow in the body and will serve to wake your brain up allowing you to get back into 100% concentration much faster. When you’re ready to get back to it, don’t forget to clear your mind and begin with the end in mind again.
  • Constant improvement
  • Highly productive study sessions result in shorter study times and the ability to learn more complex information faster. Establishing a routine that incorporates these methods will allow you to integrate the information you and build networks of knowledge that will act as a foundation for lifelong learning.
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    creo que una curva como esta refleja la capacidad humana de atencion y aprendizaje, por lo que puede ser base para los requerimientos o elementos a considerar cuando diseñemos una sesion en grupo o individual
Irene V.

Bunchball | Gamification improves user engagement, employee productivity and customer l... - 0 views

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    user engagement employee productivity costumer loyalty
Irene V.

Useful Productivity Tools on Listiki - 0 views

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    sitio con listas de todo tipo....  no son las mejores opiniones, pero se supone que la gente pone lo que mas les gusta de algo...  hay algunos recursos desconocidos pa mi en algunas listas. sitio de exploracion herramienta de colaboracion online, investigacion, etc
Irene V.

The Inevitable Next Economy - 0 views

  • Believe it or not, the next economic paradigm will arise from the integration of the tools being developed in the current stage of human development
  • Knowledge The Knowledge age emerged from the integration of tools developed during the information age. The Internet vastly accelerated the amount of information available from which knowledge could be applied as factors of production in physical systems from weather prediction, space travel, medicine, and new ways for people to organize their selves. Innovation The innovation age will emerge from the integration of tools developed by the knowledge age.  So called “social media” is creating thousands of platforms upon which people reorganize themselves around interests, affinities, relationship, and commerce.  As these tools integrate; that is, when the output of one tool becomes the input of another tool (and vice versa), a new economic paradigm will emerge. Wisdom Keep in mind that the agrarian economy and all previous stages are still with us today. Keep in mind that elements of future economies also exist today.  Keep in mind that the US dollar has not always been the currency of trade nor should we expect that it will always be with us in the future. We can assume that the productivity inherent in people and communities is not dependent on the currency, rather, currency is dependent on it.  Time is the only scarce resource and everyone has an equal amount of it.  As such, time is the only true currency.
Irene V.

3 Stellar Productivity Tools You Need to Try - 0 views

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    to look at and try
Irene V.

Social Software: What It Is And How It Impacts Individuals And Organizations - A Report... - 0 views

  • Social software is whatever software or online network that enables users to interact and share knowledge in a social dimension, emphasizing the human potential instead of the technology that makes the exchange possible
  • reshaping the way in which collaboration happens
  • new generation organizations.
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  • These were 3D or virtual worlds (eg Second Life), photo publishing (eg Flickr), digital storytelling and podcasting
  • empowers individuals to: Make It – i.e. user-driven content Name It – i.e. social bookmarking referred to as folksonomy Work on It – i.e. mass collaboration or crowdsourcing Find It – i.e. online product search generating the new business model, Long Tail.
  • landscape is dynamically changing
  • Innovators: Brave people - pulling the change. Innovators are very important communicators. Early Adopters: Respectable people - opinion leaders, try out new ideas, but in a careful way. Early Majority: Thoughtful people - careful but accepting change more quickly than the average. Late Majority: Sceptical people - will use new ideas or products only when the majority is using it. Laggards: Traditional people - caring for the "old ways", are critical towards new ideas and will only accept it if the new idea has become mainstream or even tradition.
  • little causes have big effects; and changes happen not gradually but at one dramatic moment.
  • estimate target groups for communication purposes as well
  • The characteristics of the exceptional people who start epidemics
  • They are the messengers who spread social messages.
  • Connectors: People with a special gift for bringing the world together, people specialists, know lots of people and are able to make social connections. Mavens: Information specialists and problem solvers with social skills who like to share their knowledge. Salespeople: Have the skills to persuade when we are unconvinced of what we are hearing.
  • creating "contagious" social change
  • enables people to rendez-vous, connect or collaborate through computer mediated discussion and to form online communities. Broadly conceived, this term could encompass older media such as mailing lists but some would restrict its meaning to more recent software genres such as blogs and wikis."
  • intrinsic motivation
  • new challenges and a desire to make things better
  • empowered, professional and extremely resourceful.
  • confidence
  • characteristic of the "blogger"
  • (the early adopters) are ready to engage with social software: "I believe that it is the autonomy and freewill that has caught the attention of the second wave and it is their ability to "do it for themselves" that will be the sustainable feature of their ongoing elearning practices. It is the simplicity and ease of use of these social networking tools that has brought most success in the shortest amount of time during the [Framework] projects run in 2006."
  • it is a learned skill...if we want to communicate, through using blogs, we have to comment ...we have to have the confidence to 'talk' and build a profile. Commenting is a good starting point even if it is just to say 'thank you'."
  • meaning of groups, networks and communities.
  • blurring
  • linking and the forming of networks and/or communities that evolve from its use that many find so attractive.
  • Siemens’ Connectivism theory and is further supported by Stuckey and Arkell (2006) who state that, "The current mantra for knowledge management is connect don’t collect". (p 7)
  • "the importance of communities of practice and their generative knowledge building capacity"
  • The Domain – a shared interest The Community – Engaging in joint activities and discussions, help each other, and share information. The Practice - They develop a shared repertoire of resources: experiences, stories, tools, ways of addressing recurring problems - in short a shared practice.
  • A key element of linking, networking and forming communities of practice is "trust". You need to have trust in the judgments of the people with whom you are connecting. Trust is the basis of all human interactions. Boone in Stuckey and Arkell (2006 p 7) states, "I don’t want raw data, I don’t want information, I want the judgments of people I can trust".
  • Ownership – Fundamental to the whole "revolution" is the fact that individuals can now ‘own’ their own space on the Web – moving from being consumers to becoming contributors and collaborators. Sites that allow individuals to create and maintain their own collections of photos, videos, music and bookmarks online are examples of this. Personalization – the ability to customize the interface of many of these sites is an example of the personalized approach. But personalization goes a lot deeper with this, and includes the ability to actually ‘construct’ the way in which information is represented, where it comes from, how it is used etc. Participation – the move from simply publishing or participation is another hallmark of this software. Even blogs, while being a personal publishing tool, allow for participation – at one level through the comments that can be left, and at another through the communities of interest that develop. Aggregation – the availability of software that makes use of RSS (Really Simple Syndication) demonstrates how information from one source can so easily be integrated into another. Sites that allow individuals to create their personal aggregations of news feeds, blog links, and other feeds, such as NetVibes and PageFlakes, are good examples of this. Other sites such as Technorati illustrate how easily communities of interest can be formed through the aggregation of people’s blog entries.
Irene V.

Infographic: Boost Your Productivity, Reclaim Your Weekends | Finance > Personal Financ... - 0 views

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