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This article is explaining how Henry Harteveldt, an airline and travel industry analyst, believes that GDSs will evolve into value creation hubs, or VCHs, over the next five years. He believes GDSs have served airlines the best among many transactionally based industried; however, many areas of airline marketing, sales, distribution and e-commerce are looking for more. He specifically states that airlines are looking for "more flexible, robust commerce platforms built on contemporary software and architecture", as well as "commerce platforms that can support extensive fare and product transparency, dynamic pricing, rich basic and ancillary product merchandising and retailing and the ability to reliably and securely process the massive volume of shopping sessions." VCHs will be used to support the high-volume, high frequency shopping, similar to GDSs, and the system will the new technology that powers airline CRS/PSS host systems, reducing the need for costly conversion disruption.

This article analysis the future of the GDS for airlines from both the airline company's perspective and the marketing perspective. The conflicts between airlines and GDS and the agencies is a recycling battle. It has been back and forth with the airlines withdraw from the system and ended up renewing contracts. The most recent war initiated by American airline pulled its inventory from Orbitz in December, 2010, in order to force GDS Travelport to drop the distribution cost. The two parties need each other and it is time for them to reach common ground and have mutual benefits.Delta has done something for that by adopting three second-tire OTAs. http://www.tnooz.com/2010/12/22/news/delta-cites-apple-experience-exits-cheapoair-bookit-com-onetravel/ But those are the short-term issues. In the long term is that " airlines' long-term strategy to advance distribution from fare- and schedule-led selling to merchandising. " The article also give a marketing perspective. It shows the intention of American Airline to build a system that link directly to the airline that don`t have to obey the searching rules of the agency. It also listed nine unanswered questions and wild cards, which indicates the risk of this strategic shift.

Over the years, some businesses have controlled almost all factors of production and distribution (Ford in its early days) whereas others have outsourced almost everything (Dell). In the early days of industry, large enterprises controlled and owned most factors of production and businesses like Ford Motor Company in the USA had their own foundries, railroad, forestry and electricity generating plants, In the UK, Cadbury's and Lever Brothers went so far as to build villages and amenities for their workers. The motivation for this vertical integration was varied but included cost and quality control, worker loyalty and protection of proprietary processes. As well as control of production, resources and employees, businesses like Ford also controlled the retail sales and service network.

The virtual value chain, created by John Sviokla and Jeffrey Rayport, is a business model describing the dissemination of value-generating information services throughout an Extended Enterprise . This value chain begins with the content supplied by the provider, which is then distributed and supported by the information infrastructure; thereupon the context provider supplies actual customer interaction. It supports the physical value chain of procurement, manufacturing, distribution and sales of traditional companies. To illustrate the distinction between the two value chains consider the following: "when consumers use answering machines to leave a message, they are using an object that is both made and sold in the physical world, however when they buy electronic answering services from the phone company they are using the marketspace-a virtual realm where products and services are digital information and are delivered through information-based channels." (Rayport et al. 1996) Many businesses employ both value chains, including banks, which provide services to customers in the physical world at their branch offices and virtually online. The value chain is separated into two chains because the marketplace (physical) and the marketspace (virtual) need to be managed in different ways to be effective and efficient (Samuelson 1981). Nonetheless, the linkage between the two is critical for effective supply chain management.

As technologies are evolving at all times, providing a good and reliable high speed Internet for hotel properties has become a challenging task. The ultimate goal of every hotel is to provide exceptional service to guests therefore the expectations for having a fast and reliable Internet are high as well. According to the Internet Access article by Jeremy Rock, there are a few factors that need to be considered when a hotel is planning to partner with an industry solution provider. The first factor is a hotel needs to consider is understanding the providers. As stated in the article, "the key difference between many of the providers come down to the backend solution, technical capabilities and overall support." The second factor is bandwidth management, which discusses is the number of devices that can be attached to the network. It is critical for a property to have the right amount of bandwidth to serve their guests. The next factor regards the usage of Wi-Fi. As we are moving forward with our technologies, more of our systems are connected to wireless network in a hotel and service providers have to ensure a secure storage and access of all of our data. The last key factor is the infrastructure and overall network design to ensure effective coverage throughout the hotel to ensure all of our guests can easily access the network at all designated areas. As we look at all the factors important in providers' selection, whom should we choose? We can either select guest Internet service providers, who provide consistent Internet service in guests rooms which is connected to the PMS for charging purposes. We can also select IPTV solutions providers who "have the ability to combine video and Internet access into single packages" as stated in the article. The last choice would be audiovisual companies that deliver solution between meeting spaces and guest rooms. In my opinion, this article was extremely educating and interesting. When we come to a hotel nowa

this article talks about the merger between Sabre and Passkey in creating a new system for improved group reservations. this new technology benefits directly meeting planners and hotels by creating an automated system that communicate reservations directly to the property management system. some of the benefits include real-time reports and tracking, ability to maximize attendance and therefore revenue, greater efficiency, and direct communication.

This report shows Kempinski hotels are going to use cloud PMS. It analysis the limit of local PMS, for instance, which is difficult in updating because individual hotels have to update one by one. It is also hard to manage all the hotels with central standard if the version of PMS are not the same. In this case, one update will take care of this situation if hotels are using cloud PMS. Besides, cloud technology will release IT manager work as a server, IT manager will have more time focusing on customer-side technology to enhance satisfaction and loyalty. On the other hand, area like Africa and China still have some bandwidth limit so that cloud PMS are not available. Kempinski are trying to find out solution for that. Meanwhile, they will make new PMS more effective by reduce intermediates between hotels and distribution company, provide customers more channels to be served, like tablet and mobile phone.

In this paper a computer network is defined to be a set of autonomous, independent computer systems, interconnected so as to permit interactive resource sharing between any pair of systems. An overview of the need for a computer network, the requirements of a computer communication system, a description of the properties of the communication system chosen, and the potential uses of such a network are described in this paper.

The goal of the computer network is for each computer to make every local resource available to any computer in the net in such a way that any program available to local users can be used remotely without degradation. That is, any program should be able to call on the resources of other computers much as it would call a subroutine. The resources which can be shared in this way include software and data, as well as hardware. Within a local community, time-sharing systems already permit the sharing of software resources. An effective network would eliminate the size and distance limitations on such communities. Currently, each computer center in the country is forced to recreate all of the software and data files it wishes to utilize. In many cases this involves complete reprogramming of software or reformatting the data files. This duplication is extremely costly and has led to considerable pressure for both very restrictive language standards and the use of identical hardware systems. With a successful network, the core problem of sharing resources would be severely reduced, thus eliminating the need for stifling language standards. The basic technology necessary to construct a resource sharing computer network has been available since the advent of time-sharing. For example, a time-sharing system makes all its resources available to a number of users at remote consoles. By splicing two systems together as remote users of each other and permitting user programs to interact with two consoles (the human user and the remote computer), the basic characteristics of a network connection arc obtained. Such an experiment was made between the TX-2 computer at Lincoln Lab and the Q-32 computer at SDC in 1966 in order to test the philosophy.' Logically, such an interconnection is quite powerful and one can tap all the resource of the other system. Practically, however, the interconnection of pairs of computers with console grade communication service is virtually useless. Firs

This article provides a comperation between Internet connectivity and GDS connectivity. It also define the GDS and describe the advantages and disadvantages of the GDS.

This article does a great job of showing the history of the point of sales system and looking at the future of the POS System. Point of sales, or retail transactions, have been around since humans were created. Cash transactions took place between consumers and merchants, and the cash was kept in a box. The cash register, a mechanical cash box, was the first real POS System that kept track of revenues. It wasn't until businesses started using barcodes that the POS really started to change. Merchants could process sales more quickly and accurately. Restaurants were among the first to use mobile POS systems. Staff could process credit cards at the table, and place orders without ever having to write an order down. Apple, for example, eliminates the cash register altogether and handles all transactions from hand-held devices. These new systems of POS reduce labor costs and increase productivity. The elimination of written orders increases the accuracy of servers and gives customers a better quality of service. The future of the POS System is bright. Restaurants have created iPhone apps that allow customers to place their orders before they even reach the restaurant, while others let servers carry around a small computer that allows them to process transactions from wherever they are. Even more advancements are beginning to take place. Encrypted card readers and contact less payment methods will increase the security of mobile POS systems. Eventually a person's cell phone will be able to be passed over a terminal and act as a credit card. These advancements are ultimately to create more time for the guest and the business as well as make shopping more automatic. In today's society where people are controlled by the need to shop, a more automatic type of transaction is the best invention.

Because the calling rates decrease, hotel revenue of calling decline. However, according to this article, hotel can get much profit when using call accounting system. Hotel could track the busy number or peak calling times to set up specific rates or charge plan to maximize revenue from call. Besides, night auditors should pay more attention on reconcile balance between calling bills and hotel calling record, and ensuring the calling accounting system keep the accurate rates for different guests or locations.

This article discusses how many hotels are not utilizing the PMS to its full potential due to lack of training being provided. Ecole Hoteliere de Lausanne, a hospitality school in Switzerland, conducted a study to investigate the investment in training in the PMS and the relationship between training and business performance at property level. The survey was given to about 150 mid and up-scale hotels around the world. The fact that the PMS is so crucial for a hotel to maintain efficient and effective operations, I found the results of the research a little shocking. A majority of the hotels (65%) said that in 2011 they had no budget for training on the PMS and 32% did not offer training at all to their employees. The hotels in the sample showed higher occupancy levels when hotels have a higher budget for PMS training .The results also showed that there is still a lack of the optimal use of the PMS in hotels because there is not enough training for its use provided to the employees. This study is an ongoing research project and early indications show that effective management of the PMS training resources may result in increased revenues for the hotels.

This is an article simply introduce the basic function of the point of sales system. The author explain the reason it is useful in restaurant business,including reduce employee theft,keep track of sales.What is more, it plays an important role as a bookkeeping system since it help prepare payroll, keep track of food usage and so on. However,more attention should be paid to their drawback because it may result in information losses related to the business transaction. The restaurant manager should be aware of these potential problems and take actions to make it better serve the property.

POS system simplifies communications between the kitchen and the wait staff, tracks production procedure. It is a effective tool to organize profit and save cost. However, POS system has the common drawbacks of electronic technology that is the restaurant may lose data if it happens to crash. In addition, restaurant manager need to replace parts of POS system, update software or buy a new one.

POS systems have become a key in the hospitality industry. With these invention the hospitality industry, is able to provide the best and efficient service to their guests. Also, POS systems allows to have the correct information on profit, inventory, etc. In the market, we have hundreds of companies that are competing in providing the best prices and services....

POS systems have revolutionized the Hospitality industry. The deployment of these systems have decreased service times and increased efficiency of the orders.As a result, the hospitality industry is able to provide better and efficient services to their guests. Further, these systems help the hosts differentiate themselves from their competition; thereby increasing their market share and improving their revenues. Moreover, these systems help the industry in managing compliance & regulations into their business practices. Hospitality is the act or practice of reception and entertainment of guests with kind and generous liberality. It is a relationship between a guest and a host. The hospitality industry includes hotels, restaurants ,casinos,catering, resorts, membership clubs, conventions, attractions, special events,and other service for travelers and tourists.

POS systems have revolutionized the Hospitality industry. The deployment of these systems have decreased service times and increased efficiency of the orders.As a result, the hospitality industry is able to provide better and efficient services to their guests. Further, these systems help the hosts differentiate themselves from their competition; thereby increasing their market share and improving their revenues. Moreover, these systems help the industry in managing compliance & regulations into their business practices. Hospitality is the act or practice of reception and entertainment of guests with kind and generous liberality. It is a relationship between a guest and a host. The hospitality industry includes hotels, restaurants ,casinos,catering, resorts, membership clubs, conventions, attractions, special events,and other service for travelers and tourists.

Accountancy system is the necessary for both restaurants and hotels. Restaurants need an accounting system that addresses issues like excess wastage on different product lines, and consumption of different products, rather than mere stock control. In hotels, accounting systems need to cope with everything from varying room rates, different ways of charging for phone calls, customer discounts, loyalty programs and everything in between. Accounting system has following features. First, accounting system can back up data quickly and easily. Second, it has comprehensive reporting capabilities, which enable you to monitor ongoing trends within your business. Third, it is easy to use. The last one is automation. You should be able to automate common tasks such as producing invoices and running regular custom reports.

The accounting systems are really different in restaurant and hospitality. but all of them are make work more and more easier and efficiency. In restaurant, the accounting system contain different product lines, the consumption of different products and stock control. In hotels, accounting system should contain varying room rates, defferent ways of charging for phone calls, customer discounts, loyalty programmes and so on. If the accounting system software is fit for your hotel or restaurant, it will save not only time but labor cost.

Technology absolutely plays important role to facilitate meetings and conference running smoothly. The Audience-response systems (ARS) ease the communication between attendees and speaker, which encourages the engagement from participants. As one big goal of meeting and convention is to bring people together and let them know each other, technology like ARS is essential for a successful meeting. According to most planners' experience, it's really annoying to pass around the microphone when somebody wants to ask question. The new microphone function is also added into ARS so that attendees can ask question without waiting for passing the microphone. In addition, ARS can track attendance for crediting purpose. As long as WiFi is available, surveys can be sent by laptops, iPads and iPod touches.

This article discussed about the advantages the technology bring to hospitality industry and why it is important for hotelier to make investment in IT. Technology life cycle provides a model for companies to assess when to adopt new technology. The best balance between the investment costs and benefits are the leaders who invest less then pioneers and incur reduced risks. Hotel technology investment is critical today for the following areas, improve guest experience and improve operating efficiencies. Then the article continue to discuss the development of technology in the last and what the new technology investment brought to the hospitality industry. For example the client server technology brought the integration in the 1990s, more advanced and well-integrated system for on-stop guest services and database marketing. Technology advances have the potential to generate benefits critical to remaining competitive and ultimately driving expanded market share and profitability. The barriers to increase investment in technology by hotel owners and operators include general resistance to change, lack of available funds or manpower to invest in technology and perceived inability to quantify benefits. As a result, investments in technologies and effective application of these technologies in hotel operation and services will become one of the most decisive factors differentiating successful hotel organizations globally in the years ahead.

This article talks about how accelerated competition has coincided with an increase in the quantity and quality of IT investment. A lot of companies have change the operating model that they have with the Internet and enterprise software. I learned that the link between competition and technology has become much stronger. In 2008 it was projected that the worldwide enterprise software revenue would approach $190 billion. We learn that it is not easy for most companies to deploy enterprise IT successfully. The technologies themselves are complicated to configure and test, and changing people's behavior and attitudes toward technology is even more challenging. The IT has changed dramatically for a long time and it is still growing and developing.

A major security Breach took place at Hilton properties between July 2014 and April 2015. This article presents a specific case showcasing the reality of just how possible it is for financial security risks to be exploited for any business device connected to the Internet.

This article expounds how important the speed of IT is in order to effectively balance business value, risks, and technical feasibility. The article continues to explain how the speed of IT should be as fast as possible unlike traditional single-speed delivery models that work well for high-torque enterprise operations did not work well for high-speed innovation. According to the article, a growing number of CIOs realize that projects often require additional gears that meet their specific needs and cadences. With investments in foundational and flexible procedural, architectural, and organizational domains, right-speed IT can help turn simplistic models and philosophical discussions into concrete value. In conclusion, CIOs are finding a balance between high torque enterprise IT and high-speed innovation IT can allow companies to optimize technology operations.

Internet is to business today what electricity is to industry and good living, we had 1 of 5 people on the planet already connect to the internet. And how much information and we can gain from internet, and the bigger challenge today is to ensure those who are following you can catch up. In the hospitality industry, the rift between tech-savvy users and those who're just sitting up and taking notice of the Internet revolution is even more pronounced. E-commerce and e-marketing are just starting to make a mark in the industry, much like revenue management did a while ago. So the future of e-commerce in the hospitality industry is guaranteed to be a bright one. And the savvy hotel emarketer has a lot to gain, including room to grow. While, to create interest, excitement and buy-in at your hotels. The path to achieving these lofty goals, there have some issues and opportunities: 1. Create an online culture included habits, attitudes and belifes. 2. 'e'ducate: Audit yourself, identify key tasks and projects that must be completed to bridge the gap between where you are as a hotel and where you want to be in terms of eMarketing prowess. 3.Obtain buy-in, communicate and report: Ensure that the decision-makers at the property/ies support all significant projects and hotel department heads are involved if issues affect their department in any way. Implement practices for daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly communication to keep things consistent and regular. 4.Reach all levels: Perhaps the hardest thing to do in hotels is to reach and communicate at most (if not all) levels of the organization. One solution is to create an "eTeam".5.Go back to basics: Computer Access,understanding the role of the internet in the hotel business and learning what the Internet is and how to send emails to family and friends. 6. Rinse and repeat. Persist. Enjoy. You may not accomplish everything you hoped to…or get across to everyone, but each little success and each new person