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katherine-medina

Plants | Free Full-Text | Expression of a Stilbene Synthase Gene from the Vitis labrusc... - 0 views

  • Stilbenes are found in plants of different families, but the best studied stilbene is resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) isolated from grape plants.
  • Resveratrol synthesis in transgenic plants did not always render them fully resistant to one or another pathogen.
  • The aim of our investigation was to isolate a VlvSTS stilbene synthase gene from the hybrid grape V. labrusca x V. vinifera L. and obtain transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the gene to study their resistance to a number of bacterial and fungal pathogens, among them bacteria as E. carotovora and fungi as B. cinerea, F. oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides, F. culmorum.
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • by PCR. F
    • katherine-medina
       
      PCR is a method with which scientists are able to amplify a gene
  • Based on the results of the VlvSTS gene transcription analysis, seven transgenic tobacco lines were selected for further experiments.
  • Expression of the VlvSTS gene in tobacco plants led to a significant increase in the pollen grain size, but with a tendency to a decrease in the total number of pollen grains per anther
    • katherine-medina
       
      Too much of that gene leads to a decrease of fertility.
  • In all tests with E. carotovora bacteria, transgenic plants expressing the VlvSTS gene demonstrated a significantly higher resistance versus control plants
    • katherine-medina
       
      interesting
  • The leaf involvement was significantly smaller in transgenic plants expressing the VlvSTS gene.
  • Overexpression of the VlvSTS gene reduced the corolla pigmentation in transgenic plants.
    • katherine-medina
       
      Why did the overexpression of that gene reduce the corolla pgmentation.
  • binary vector
    • katherine-medina
       
      like a DNA transfer
  • showed a significant fertility reduction,
  • For the first time it was shown that plants expressing the VlvSTS gene had enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen E. carotovora subsp. carotovora B15.
    • katherine-medina
       
      Interesting that it took this long for it to be shown that this specific stilbene can fight against certain pathogens.
  • Interestingly, resistance correlated with the expression level of the stilbene synthase gene. In plants with a higher gene expression (L10 and L23), the area of Erwinia-caused leaf damage was in a range from 0 to 40% respect to the control, while the leaves of line L24 were affected up to 60–100%.
  • hile in transgenic lines, the lysis areas were significantly smaller, probably due to the synthesis of the phytoalexin resveratrol.
  • Some studies showed that Arabidopsis plants transformed with wild grape stilbene synthase genes responded to a pathogen attack by activating genes responsible for the synthesis of signaling molecules such as salicylic and jasmonic acids (SA and JA, respectively) [
  • Our data show a decrease in the total flavonoid content in the flower petals but not in the leaves of plants upon expression of the VlvSTS gene.
    • katherine-medina
       
      That seems rather odd.
  • We were the first to show that transgenic tobacco plants carrying the VlvSTS gene had a significantly larger pollen grain size and a smaller number of pollen grains per anther. At the same time, the number of fertile pollen grains decreased, especially in the plant line with the highest expression of the VlvSTS gene.
  • For example, in apple plants with the grape stilbene synthase gene Vst1 under its own promoter, the expression of the gene had no effect on pollen development
  • The study showed that the expression of a VlvSTS stilbene syntase gene in tobacco transgenic plants increases their resistance to bacterial pathogen E. carotovora. There was a significant reduction of disease symptoms after infection of leaves by grey mould fungus B. cinerea, but not to Fusarium fungi. We were the first to show that transgenic tobacco plants carrying the VlvSTS gene had a significantly larger pollen grain size and a smaller number of pollen grains per anther. The number of fertile pollen grains decreased, especially in the plant line with the highest expression of the VlvSTS gene. These changes resulted in a decreased weight of seed bolls in the transgenic tobacco lines.
    • katherine-medina
       
      Overall, this article is one that I may come back to depending on what path I go down when searching to develop a research topic further.
katherine-medina

IJMS | Free Full-Text | The Combination of Catechin and Epicatechin Gallate f... - 1 views

  • efflux
  • efflux pumps
    • katherine-medina
       
      Wow, so MRSA can literally pump out antibiotics.
  • The advantage of the agents is that there is little or no direct selective pressure, and thus resistant strains are less likely to emerge
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • Figure 1
    • katherine-medina
       
      I could do something similar to this in a Petree dish like the photo above.
  • Baicalin [8], diterpenes [9], tellimagrandin I [10], corilagin [11], tripeptide [12], epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) [13] and epicatechin gallat
  • The extracts and compounds from hawthorn have been reported to show a variety of pharmacological activities, such as a protective effect on patients with heart failure [17], as well as an increased force of myocardial contraction [18], improved coronary circulation [19], antioxidant effects [20] and antimicrobial activities [21].
  • For example, galloy catechins, such as ECg and Cg, reduced the high MIC level of β-lactams to the antibiotic breakpoint or even lower than the breakpoint [14,15,26,27], but non-galloylated catechins, such as C and EC, had no such effect
    • katherine-medina
       
      use galloy catechins
  • WHO-2 but ECg (32 mg/L) increased the drug accumulation
    • katherine-medina
       
      So, at this specific concentration ECg helped with increasing the amount of antibiotic, but not necessarily assisting the ability of the antibiotic to do damage.
  • C or ECg (32 mg/L) in combination with oxacillin produced FICIs of more than 0.5 or 0.5, demonstrating no or very weak ILSMR effect.
  • via inhibiting mRNA expression of efflux pump genes,
  • Some natural products can enhance the efficacy of β-lactam antibiotics, and therefore they are termed intensifiers of β-lactam susceptibility in MRSA
    • katherine-medina
       
      I would like to look into using antibiotics that are currently available to the public, and trying to enhance their ability to fight bacteria through the use of certain polyphenols or some other type of natural product.
  • In traditional Chinese medicine, hawthorn is used as a peptic agent for stimulating digestion and promoting the function of the stomach, improving blood circulation and removing blood stasis
  • We also found that when C combined with ECg, the ILSMR effect was markedly increased and the ILSMR effect of the combination (C and ECg) was enhanced with the increase in the concentration of C, with a higher concentration of C resulting in a lower FICI.
  • Overall, the different abilities of C and EGC to potentiate the ILSMR effect of ECg was presumed to be due to the difference in steric hindrance provided by the hydroxy groups in the B ring of these compounds.
  • Our results showed that C in combination with ECg could significantly reduce the MIC of these six antibiotics against almost all of the clinical MRSA strains
  • These results are significant since they demonstrate the possibility that these antibiotics can be used in the clinic when combined with C and ECg.
    • katherine-medina
       
      I wonder if they have started implementing this in hospitals.
  • . Therefore, a criterion suitable for more than two compounds should be investigated in the future.
    • katherine-medina
       
      I think that this will be a useful article to go back to when looking towards developing further ideas for experiments.
  • he above results suggested the ILSMR effect of C and ECg was probably related to the inhibition of three pumps’ mRNA expressions. Which pump(s) played a more important role should be further investigated in the future experiments.
    • katherine-medina
       
      Interesting
  • Herein, our results showed that reserpine down-regulated mRNA expressions of norA and norC, but not abcA, and C, in combination with ECg, down-regulated mRNA expressions of norA, norC and abcA among eight efflux pumps, while ECg or C alone could not.
  • Sh
  •  
    An article discussing the affects of combining polyphenols with antibiotics in order to fight against MRSA.
katherine-medina

Increased 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate in Alzheimer's disease brain is associated with ... - 1 views

  • Genetic factors contribute substantially to the pathological process of AD as demonstrated by the fact that the genetic heritability in AD is in the range of between 60 and 80% (10).
  • however, whether the variants alter the level of 3-OST-1 enzyme activity to change the structure of HS remains unknown
    • katherine-medina
       
      Good to note what exactly the article remains unsure about
  • The synthesis of additional 13C-labeled calibrants to cover these three reported 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides will be the subject for future study.
    • katherine-medina
       
      LOOK INTO THIS PART CAYSE THEY ARE SAYING THAT THEY ARE NOT FULLY SURE
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • the elevation of total HS and the percentage of the 3-O-sulfated domain in HS.
  • HS and tau revealed that the sugar mainly interacts with the proline-rich region 2, a repeat domain 2 in tau protein
  • Further analysis of the distribution of 3-O-sulfated HS from different areas of AD brains will be of interest and the subject for a subsequent study.
  • Experimental design
    • katherine-medina
       
      READ THIS IF THIS TOPIC COMES BACK UP AGAIN
  •  
    A interesting study about a sulfate that suggests that Alzheimer's is genetic
katherine-medina

Native language differences in the structural connectome of the human brain - ScienceDi... - 1 views

  • elations (Friederici, 2011; Wilson et al., 2011). In this network, BA44 dominates syntactic processing while the IFS supports the processing of syntactic dependency relations in sentences
  • Phonetic information is processed in auditory areas in both hemispheres, and suprasegmental information,
  • dominant stem plus affix word
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • In particular, left BA 44
  • und morphemes
  • This suggests that Arabic language processing is also driven by the core language systems built in the IFG, posterior temporal, and IPL regions. In addition, cross-linguistic electrophysiological comparisons of Arabic and Spanis
  • electrophysiological
  • 2.6. Statistics
  • and suggests that white matter plasticity in brain structure coincides with specific cognitive functions and processing demands of life-long use of a particular language. Thus, our findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying experience-dependent white matter organization and adaptation in the human brain
  • (Malik-Moraleda et al.,
  • Native speakers of Semitic languages may rely more on regions for spatial cognition in the right hemisphere
  • .4. Di
  • Additionally, social cognitive and affective processes and other non-linguistic factors may also lead to differences in the brain. In particular, cultural values such as individualism and collectivism have been shown to influence brain function.
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    How primary languages affect the brain (Arabic & German)
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    You will definitely want to use more than one tag when you save. Use all keywords, and be sure to click a few of the tags from the group dictionary that come up when you click to save to the HSR2023 group.
Sean Nash

SciDraw | Scientific Drawings - 0 views

  •  
    This is a great source for constructing diagrams you will need for your display, presentation, & manuscript
Sean Nash

Powerpoint poster templates for research poster presentations - 0 views

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    (BE SURE TO ONLY USE the 36"x48" TRIFOLD templates)
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