more than enough money to meet their basic needs for food, clothing, and
shelter.
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Renaissance -- Out of the Middle Ages - 2 views
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As the fortunes of merchants, bankers, and tradespeople improved, they had more than enough money to meet their basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter. They began to desire larger, more luxurious homes, fine art for these residences, sumptuous clothing to show off their wealth in public, and exotic delicacies to eat. These desires of the middle class stimulated the economy.
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reading for pleasure, learning to play musical instruments, and studying a variety of topics unrelated to their businesses.
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Bankers and accountants needed to understand arithmetic. Those trading with other countries needed a knowledge of foreign currencies and languages. Reading was essential for anyone who needed to understand a contract.
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Many Italian coastal cities became centers for trade and commerce, and for the wealth and education that ensued.
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Many Italian coastal cities became centers for trade and commerce, and for the wealth and education that ensued.
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So, what did the creation of a middle class do to society? How did it change society? And how did their spending impact others? Why is a strong middle class important today?
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The creation of the middle class stimulated society by having the new wealthier middle class buy expensive things. This impacted others because it made jobs for bankers (which led to learning math,) and made people around them want to buy more too. It is important to have a middle class today so we can have a balance.
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What do banks do today? How do banks help people today? They want do you think banks did to make peoples lives better in the 1450's?
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Banks help people today by holding peoples money for them so they don't lose it or so that it doesn't get stolen as easily. Also, banks help you balance out your budget so you don't over spend.
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They lived in beautiful homes, employed great artists, and engaged in intellectual pursuits for both business and pleasure.
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The Impact of Ancient Greece on the Modern World - MindMeister Mind Map - 3 views
www.mindmeister.com/...ent-greece-on-the-modern-world
Government art olympics architecture democracy
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SPARTAN GOVERNMENT - 2 views
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Sparta’s government was primarily an oligarchy, but it included democratic elements. Sparta had two kings, who came from two different families. But these monarchs did not have absolute power. They shared power with each other, and they also had to answer to council of elders, or gerousia.
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The Spartan government also discouraged pursuits that had no direct relationship to the military. As a result, the Spartans did not make significant achievements in art, literature, and philosophy. Nor did they leave much architecture. The Spartan leadership regarded most aspects of culture as frivolous and possibly corrupting.
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Gargoyles - 0 views
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Gargoyles were usually carved in the form of a grotesque face, figure or frightening creature projecting from a roof gutter. Gargoyles were painted and some were even gilded. Gargoyles might depicted any number of grotesque images including:Ugly human facesAnimalsMythical creaturesImaginary creaturesGargoyles combining several animals are also referred to as chimeras
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?What is the purpose of Gargoyles? The first is a practical purpose - gargoyles provided a method of drainage which protected the stones and the mortar of churches, cathedrals and castles from erosion. The number of Gargoyles added to buildings were numerous because dividing the flow of water minimized potential water damage. The second purpose of gargoyles was as 'guardians' of the buildings in the form of abstract symbols designed to represent, and to ward off evil.
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Gargoyles all have a common theme, they are carved with big wide-open mouths. Whilst this was a practical, functional and necessary requirement of gargoyles creatures and images with mouths wide open are symbolic of devouring giants. And lets be honest, how could Medieval stone masons make anything look beautiful when it has to be displayed with a big wide-open mouth!
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Perhaps the Medieval church wanted to convey a terrifying impression of hell and enforce that there was safety and sanctity inside the church. The devil would be a most inappropriate, and totally unorthodox, image to allow on a church - fantastic gargoyles, would, however have a similar, terrifying psychological effect.
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Gothic architecture is characterized by stained-glass windows, flying buttresses, tall spires, the Gothic arch or pointed arch and Gothic Gargoyles. Gothic Architecture is the term used to describe the style of architecture which were used between 1200 AD to 1500 AD.
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In Architectural terms only the creature serving as actual water spout is called a Gargoyle, otherwise is it known as a Grotesque. A grotesque may function solely as decoration.
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The World in Play | The Metropolitan Museum of Art - 0 views
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Middle Ages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views
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During the High Middle Ages (c. 1000–1300), Christian-oriented art and architecture flourished and Crusades were mounted to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim control. The influence of the emerging nation-state was tempered by the ideal of an international Christendom. The codes of chivalry and courtly love set rules for proper behavior, while the Scholastic philosophers attempted to reconcile faith and reason.
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In the Early Middle Ages the trends of the Late Antiquity (depopulation, deurbanization, and increased barbarian invasion) continued. North Africa and the Middle East, once part of the Eastern Roman Empire, became Islamic. Later in the period, the establishment of the feudal system allowed a move away from subsistence agriculture. There was sustained urbanization in Northern and Western Europe.
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The Middle Ages (adjectival form: medieval, mediaeval or mediæval) is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern. The term "Middle Ages" first appears in Latin in the 15th century and reflects the view that this period was a deviation from the path of classical learning, a path that was later reconnected by Renaissance scholarship.
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Outstanding achievement in this period includes the Code of Justinian, the mathematics of Fibonacci and Oresme, the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas, the paintings of Giotto, the poetry of Dante and Chaucer, the travels of Marco Polo, and the architecture of Gothic cathedrals such as Chartres.
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The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analyzing European history: classical civilization (or Antiquity), the Middle Ages, and the modern period.[1] It is "Middle" in the sense of being between the two other periods in time, ancient times and modern times.
BitDraw Reviews | edshelf - 0 views
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Geography shaped Greek civilization - 2 views
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One factor that can be considered as an integral part of the development of Greek civilization is its geography.
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Balcan peninsula in Southwestern Europe. It is surrounded by three seas: in the south is the Mediterranean Sea; Ionian Sea in the west; and the Aegean Sea in the east.
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Greece is a strategic location for empire building because it served as the crossroads between Africa, Asia and Europe
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temperate, making it comfortable to the people to be outside of their homes almost every year. This allowed them to engage in outdoor life within their city-states. They were able to interact with each other which enabled them to organize outdoor activities such as athletic competitions, public gatherings, entertainment and art shows, and meetings, which facilitate to the development of a rich and distinct Greek culture.
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advantage of the mountains is that they contributed to the preservation of the purity of Greek culture.
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hindered communication among communities and slowed down the introduction of new ideas and technology.
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isadvantage is the the rocky lands and poor soil which are not suitable for the domestication of plants.
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Having been surrounded by three major bodies of water served as an advantage because it allowed early Greeks to travel and trade
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olive oil, wine, wool and pottery with grains and other natural resources, which had a limited supply during that time
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Illuminated Manuscripts - Ancient History Encyclopedia - 4 views
www.ancient.eu/Illuminated_Manuscripts
illuminated manuscripts europe middle ages maq6 religion and art catholic church
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Illuminated manuscripts were hand-made books, usually on Christian scripture or practice, produced in Western Europe between c. 500-c. 1600 CE. They are so called because of the use of gold and silver which illuminates the text and accompanying illustrations.
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Hand-made illuminated manuscripts were initially produced by monks in abbeys but, as they became more popular, production became commercialized and was taken over by secular book-makers. Illuminated manuscripts were quite costly to produce and only those of significant means could afford them. The most popular type was the Book of Hours which was a Christian devotional of prayers to be said at certain times throughout the day. More Books of Hours have survived than any other work of the period simply because more of them were produced. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in c. 1440 CE signaled the beginning of the end of hand-made books generally and illuminated manuscripts specifically.
What Are Illuminated Manuscripts and How Were They Created? - 1 views
www.parkwestgallery.com/ipts-and-how-were-they-created
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Effects of the Black Death - How the Black Death Worked | HowStuffWorks - 12 views
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How would the peasants that survived the Black Death, react to the huge increase in wages in the cities?
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The people that survived were very hurt because they had seen so many people die, but they were also so happy that they were alive.They had a dance Macabre as a dance to talk to people that have died, and they celebrate being alive
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The pesants who survived the black death, started to have better lives because of the increase in wages. Peasants started to eat nicer foods and made more money from working.
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The workforce had been destroyed -- farms were abandoned and buildings crumbled. The price of labor skyrocketed in the face of worker shortage, and the cost of goods rose. The price of food, though, didn't go up, perhaps because the population had declined so much.
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The Black Death did set the stage for more modern medicine and spurred changes in public health and hospital management. Frustrated with Black Death diagnoses that revolved around astrology and superstition, educators began placing greater emphasis on clinical medicine, based on physical science.
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They had turned to the church for an answer to the plague, and the church had been able to offer no help.
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The danse macabre, or dance of death, is an allegorical concept that was expressed in drama, poetry, music and visual art.
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The range of figures shown is meant to show that death will come for everyone, and the various activities depicted are a reminder that death could always be right around the corner.
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Alexander the Great - Ancient Greece for Kids - 2 views
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However, there is no denying that Alexander changed the world.
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When he finally came home, his dad got him a job in the royal court in nearby Macedonia as a tutor to the young prince Alexander.
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They taught him the art of war. Artistotle taught him to admire and respect the Greek culture. Artistotle was only Alexander's tutor for 3 years, but he had an enormous affect on the young prince, so much so that Alexander soon convinced himself that his father, King Phillip II of Macedonia, was not his real father at all.
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Alexander was 19 years old, his father (King Phillip II) was assassinated. Alexander took over as king of Macedonia in 336 BC. Alexander quickly pulled together all of Macedonia under his leadership.
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By the time Alexander was 25 years old, against incredible odds, and in only six years, Alexander had become not only the king of Macedonia, but also the leader of the Greeks, overlord of Asia Minor, pharaoh of Egypt, and the great king of Persia.
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Alexander led his army a further 11,000 miles, founding over 70 cities and creating an empire that stretched across three continents, and covered around two million square miles. The entire area from Greece in the west, north to the Danube, and south into Egypt, and as far to the east as the Indian Punjab, was linked together in a vast international network of trade and commerce. This network was united by a common Greek language and culture."
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Alexander adopted many of the customs of the local people he conquered, blending their culture with the Greek culture.
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established hospitals, built fortified cities, and created the largest library in the ancient world at Alexandria.
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Ancient Civilizations | Ancient History for Kids - 1 views
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It flows north through the Sahara creating a long oasis in the desert eventually dumping into the Mediterranean Sea
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The Nile is divided into sections by cataracts. A cataract is a rocky area that creates a waterfall or rapids. There are six cataracts in the Nile river.
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Around 6000 BCE the climate began to change, which might explain why many humans changed from hunting and gathering to farming. Before civilization, early humans came to the Nile River to hunt, fish, and gather food, but gradually as people learned to farm and domesticate animals (about 7000 BCE and 5500 BCE), and therefore live in permanent settlements, areas around the Nile became more crowded.
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The change from nomadic hunter-gatherers to civilized living followed the same pattern as other places around the world: farming provided extra food, which allowed the division of labor, which allows the development of government and religion and creates social classes.
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We know so much about the Egyptians because there are so many written resources and because their culture lasted so long with few interruptions
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Another reason we know so much about Egypt is because they made their architecture out of stone, which has lasted for the most part.
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Religion was a the center of Egyptian life. Egyptians believed in many Gods, so they were polytheistic.
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Later Egyptians would call their kings “pharaoh”. Egyptian people believed the pharaoh was a living God, so the Egyptians developed a theocracy, or a government ruled by religious leaders. This is important to understanding why Egyptian people were so willing to give their grain to the Pharaoh and build him or her incredible temples—they thought the Pharaoh was a living God that would be with them forever in eternity.
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The most well-known ritual was mummification. Egyptians believed in life after death, and they wanted the body to look life-like. Anyone could be mummified if they had enough money
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Egyptians were a very advanced civilization due to their inventions and technology. Egyptians developed a writing system called hieroglyphs that combined pictures and symbols. Eventually, they created an alphabet from their symbols. In 1822 CE a European explorer found what is called the Rossetta Stone (left picture)--a stone with the same message written in 3 different languages, which finally allowed historians to translate ancient hieroglyphs. Egyptians developed a 365-day calendar and used a number system based on 10. Egyptians figured out amazing ways to cut stone to use in their temples and obelisks. An obelisk is a tall narrow monument that becomes more narrow as it goes up. They created a writing material similar to paper called papyrus from reeds found in the Nile. Egyptians were excellent ship builders and excelled at mathematics. They used fractions, decimals, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and basic ideas of geometry. Egyptian art and architecture is famous and has been reused and copied by many other civilization including Greece, Rome, and even the United States
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At the top of society was the Pharaoh. Below the Pharaoh was the royal court (Pharaoh's family), high priests, government officials, and scribes and nobles (rich land owners). Below them were doctors and engineers, craftsman, and then farmers and unskilled workers at the bottom. Egyptians did use some slaves, but slavery is hardly mentioned in their writings.
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creating Egypt's first dynasty. He defeated some enemies and united Upper and Lower Egypt into one civilization.
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One of the first major Pharaohs of the Old Kingdom was Djoser. His temple was one of the first pyramids Egyptians tried to build. It was a "step pyramid" and it started the tradition of building pyramids as a burial ground for Pharaohs. Although the term "Pharaoh" wasn't used until much later, we will keep using it to refer to Egyptian kings.
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Hatshepsut was a women Pharaoh. Her tomb is an amazingly long ramp leading to a temple that has been cut out of a mountain. Pharaoh Akhenaten tried to start a new religious tradition of worshipping only one God. Worshipping one God is called monotheism. This did not sit well with the polytheistic population that has honored many gods for thousands of years. After Akhenaten's death his monuments were destroyed and his name was removed from the list of kings. Years later he was often referred to as, "the enemy". Akhenaten's son would also become famous, thousands of years later when his tomb was found perfectly preserved. His name was Pharaoh Tutankhamen--he is known and King Tut. He became Pharaoh at age 9 or 10 and ruled for only 9 years.