Large stone castles were built in Europe from about the 1100’s to
about the 1500’s. These huge buildings served not only to defend the
country from foreign invaders but as the basic tool in preserving the
king’s and the nobles’ power over the land. The social system was
very rigid in the Middle Ages.
Middles Ages Castle Defense (BMS) - ThingLink - 0 views
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Middle Ages for Kids: A Knight's Armor and Weapons - 0 views
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shared by Garth Holman on 04 Mar 14
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Castles in Medieval Times - 0 views
www.yourchildlearns.com/castle_history.htm
Castles Medieval times Feudalism Battles Quest3 Quest4 Quest7
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Under Feudalism, the basic social structure in this time, all land was held by the king. The king gave pieces of this land to various high nobles, in return for their help in fighting his wars or in putting down rebellions. Not only did the higher nobles have to fight for the king themselves, they had to supply a certain number of lesser lords and other knights to help fight also. These higher nobles then gave some of their land to lesser knights, in return for their help in battle. Below all the knights were the serfs, who actually farmed the land. They gave a portion of their crops each year to the lord who ruled over them, in return for use of the land and protection.
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The castle was both a residence for the lord and his family, and a fortification. It was a strong place for the lord to defend himself against his enemies (and the king’s enemies, and his overlord’s enemies), a safe place for him and his knights to return to, and a place to live which emphasized his power.
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Castles were built to keep out enemies. When an attack was expected, the drawbridge was raised, the gates and portcullis were closed, and archers were stationed on the towers.
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The walls were not only high, in a well-planned castle, but they were arranged as much as possible so that anyone climbing the walls could be shot at from two directions.
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The castle’s defenses invited a great deal of ingenuity from the attackers. Rolling wooden towers, covered with thick hides to stop arrows and kept wet so they could not be set on fire, were brought up to the walls in an attack. Sometimes they even worked. Catapults threw heavy stones at the walls to make a breach or loads of rocks (or diseased livestock, or fire bombs) over the walls. The battering ram—generally used against a door—was an old favorite.
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he knights and their servants and their mounts all had to eat, as did the lord, his family, and his servants and officials, and their families. Many castles grew certain types of food inside their walls, to add variety to the diet of those inside the castle, but it was not nearly enough to feed the people in the castle, much less their guests. Castles might have beehives, herb gardens, fruit trees or a fishpond. Because the land inside the castle walls was not enough to feed all these people, they got their food from the peasants who farmed outside, and from hunting. There were restrictions on hunting by the peasants, and sometimes it was forbidden entirely, so that the lord and his retainers would have plenty of game to hunt. Hunting was also a major recreation for the lord and his men.
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1001 Inventions and The Library of Secrets - starring Sir Ben Kingsley as Al-Jazari - Y... - 0 views
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Government and Politics - About Greece - 0 views
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Greece (Ελλάδα, Hellada or Hellas), officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Elliniki Dimokratia) is a Parliamentary Republic
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The President, elected by Parliament every five years, is Head of State. The Prime Minister is Head of Government
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General elections are normally held every four years unless the Parliament is dissolved earlier. The electorate consists of all Greek citizens who are 18 years of age. Each new Government, after a general election or after the previous government’s resignation, has to appear before Parliament and request a vote of confidence.
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Kids Biography: Marco Polo - 0 views
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The Silk Road referred to a number of trade routes between major cities and trading posts that went all the way from Eastern Europe to Northern China.
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Marco Polo was a merchant and explorer who traveled throughout the Far East and China for much of his life.
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Ancient Greece - Geography of the Ancient Greek World and Aegean Map - 1 views
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In the centre of town are two hills, the Acropolis with the monuments from the Age of Pericles, and Lycabettus with the picturesque chapel of Ai Giorgis
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Greece Geography - 0 views
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Located in the south of Europe, the Greek Peninsula is bound by the Mediterranean Sea, the Ionian Sea, and the Aegean Sea. With a coastline of about 8500 miles, the country covers a land area of about 811080 square miles. The country ranges between latitudes 35°00'N and 42°00'N and between longitudes 19°00'E and 28°30'E.
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There are over 2000 Greek islands in the Mediterranean and Ionian Seas but only about 170 are inhabited.
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Mainland Greece, the central and eastern Macedonian regions such as Thrace, Xanthi, and Evros, experiences a more temperate climate compared to the central mountains. The mountainous region of the central regions experiences an Alpine climate.
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July is the hottest month in the country when temperatures average about 85°F. Winters are beautiful but could get chilly and white Christmas celebrations are frequent in low-lying parts of Greece.
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Greece is naturally exposed to severe earthquakes due to its location. The International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of Earth's Interior has designated the beautiful tourist destination of Santorini a "Decade Volcano". Santorini is known for its stunning natural beauty which has attracted human settlements through ages despite its historic involvement with volcanic activity.
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Dgh - Rise of Agicultural Soicety - 0 views
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permanent settlement
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This resulted upon the sign of the times when people depended on hunters and gatherers to get their food. Groups of people would have to move to new areas when food or water became scarce. As the animals migrated the people followed to maintain a sustainable food supply. Hunting and gathering was the only way early people could survive, but these two jobs were both difficult and dangerous.
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Once people could produce a surplus of food there was an increase in population and more people could specialize in different areas of work (see specialization).
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This was the first time farming was seen in the world. This created the first farmers in the world from the middle-east
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They stayed close to any source of water and planted new fields of wheat and barley using irrigation.
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Domesticatio
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People were only able to live in (Domestication)numbers by becoming more productive farmers, but people now had more stable food supply because of domestication, using animals to the fullest, and keeping them secure (new way of life).
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The De Soto expedition - North Carolina Digital History - 0 views
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De Soto’s expedition through the southeastern United States in 1539–43 was one of the earliest of the early contacts between Europeans and native peoples. Research on the expedition has contributed in no small way to the “quantum leap” in our understanding of the age. In a cluster of related projects that have drawn on an unusual cross-fertilization between historical and archaeological research, a group of scholars in the Southeast is attempting to plot the route that de Soto took, as a way of understanding the “social geography” of the native societies he met. The work on the de Soto expedition offers a revealing snapshot of the growing body of research on the earliest encounters between the civilizations of Europe and the Americas.
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Hoping to find the riches that other Spanish explorers had discovered in Central and South America, de Soto landed in May 1539 near Tampa Bay, Fla., with about 600 men, a few hundred horses, packs of dogs, and a large herd of pigs. The army set out north and west through Florida.
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Economy of ancient Greece - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views
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The Baldwin Project: Famous Men of Greece by John H. Haaren and A. B. Poland - 1 views
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A hundred and fifty thousand of its inhabitants were sold into slavery and the state was made a Roman province.
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Athens, Thebes, Sparta and the other Greek states became, like Macedonia, parts of the Empire of Rome.
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about seventy-five years ago that she revolted from Turkey and became once more an independent country
Medieval Music - 2 views
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The Middle Ages - 5 views
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Early Civilizations / Y2003.CSS.S01.G06-08.BB.L07.I02 02. Describe the enduring impact of early civilizations in India, China, Egypt, Greece and Rome after 1000 B.C. including: The development of concepts of government and citizenship Scientific and cultural advancements The spread of religions Slavery and systems of labor
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Spain and America: From Reconquest to Conquest - North Carolina Digital History - 1 views
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had been isolated from each other for 10,000 years.
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the human inhabitants of the “old” and “new” worlds developed vastly different cultures, languages, and religions; they found different ways of adapting to their different envinronments; and their bodies over hundreds of generations became resistant to the diseases of their different worlds. When the two great land masses were rejoined by European exploration, the resulting exchange of people, crops, animals, ideas, and diseases — called the “Columbian exchange” — changed both worlds forever.
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They go as naked as their mothers bore them, even the women, though I only saw one girl, and she was very young. All those I did see were young men, none of them more than thirty years old.… They do not carry arms and do not know of them, because I showed them some swords and they grasped them by the blade and cut themselves out of ignorance
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They ought to make good slaves for they are of quick intelligence, since I notice that they are quick to repeat what is said to them, and I believe that they could very easily become Chirstians, for it seemed to me that they had no religion of their own. God willing, when I come to leave I will bring six of them to Your Highnesses so that they may learn to speak
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With the native population gone, the Spanish began to import slaves from Africa to grow their sugar cane
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superiority to their enemies who had rejected Christianity, and they developed rules of war based on that superiority — including the right to enslave the people they conquered. Once Spain was reconquered, Muslims and Jews were forced to convert to Christianity or be expelled from Spain.
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In 1519 Hernán Cortés arrived in Mexico from Cuba with 11 galleons, 550 men, and 16 horses — the first horses on the American continent. Within two years his conquistadores, conquerors, had won control of the Aztec kingdom that spanned most of present-day Mexico and Central America.
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One of Cortés’ soldiers had smallpox, and he started an epidemic that killed a third of the population of the Aztec empire.
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Cortés for the deity Quetzalcoátl, or Plumed Serpent, who according to prophesy would return from the east to reclaim his kingdom — perhaps in 1519. When Cortés arrived — from the east, with fair skin, riding four-legged creatures never before seen in Mexico, wearing shining armor and looking for all the world like someone who wanted to reclaim a kingdom — Moctezuma feared that he might be Quetzalcoátl and did not immediately meet him in battle.
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The Spanish, more convinced than ever of their superiority, forced most of the people of Mexico to convert to Christianity. Priests burned Aztec books and destroyed idols and temples. Indigenous people were enslaved to work in gold mines. Disease reduced the population of Mexico from more than 20 million when Cortés arrived in 1519 to about 2 million by 1600.
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We can estimate very surely and truthfully that in the forty years that have passed, with the infernal actions of the Christians, there have been unjustly slain more than twelve million men, women, and children. In truth, I believe without trying to deceive myself that the number of the slain is more like fifteen million.…
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They attacked the towns and spared neither the children nor the aged nor pregnant women nor women in childbed, not only stabbing them and dismembering them but cutting them to pieces as if dealing with sheep in the slaughter house.
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With still others, all those they wanted to capture alive, they cut off their hands and hung them round the victim’s neck, saying, “Go now, carry the message,” meaning, Take the news to the Indians who have fled to the mountains.
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Coronation Oath, 2nd June 1953 - 0 views
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and of your Possessions and the other Territories to any of them belonging or pertaining, according to their respective laws and customs?
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I solemnly promise so to do.Archbishop. Will you to your power cause Law and Justice, in Mercy, to be executed in all your judgements?Queen. I will.
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Archbishop. Will you to the utmost of your power maintain the Laws of God and the true profession of the Gospel? Will you to the utmost of your power maintain in the United Kingdom the Protestant Reformed Religion established by law? Will you maintain and preserve inviolably the settlement of the Church of England, and the doctrine, worship, discipline, and government thereof, as by law established in England? And will you preserve unto the Bishops and Clergy of England, and to the Churches there committed to their charge, all such rights and privileges, as by law do or shall appertain to them or any of them?