Bowman's main complaint is that in Google's engineering-driven culture, data trumps everything else. When he would make a design decision, no matter how minute, he was asked to back it up with data. Before he could decide whether a line on a web page should be three, four or five pixels wide, for example, he had to put up test versions of all three pages on the web. Different groups of users would see different versions, and their clicking behaviour, or the amount of time they spent on a page, would help pick a winner. "Data eventually becomes a crutch for every decision, paralysing the company and preventing it from making any daring design decisions," Bowman wrote.