To do this, I could not use a regular redirect, as everything after the ? would be stripped away. I needed to use a Regular Expression Redirect. However, this sort of thing -- using query parameters -- wasn't covered in any of the Yoast documentation.
This article gave me the hint I needed, and the technique that ended up working. To summarize, I used the following regular expression to match my URL with the parameters:
^\/conversion-upside-report($|\/.*$)
The parentheses save the matching contents into a variable, which I can access using $1 in the new URL, like this: