Accommodations do not reduce grade level standards but rather help provide access to the course content. They do not alter the amount or complexity of the information taught to the student. Accommodations are changes in the program from a way things are typically done so that a student with a disability can have equal opportunity to participate and allow the student to be successful. These changes do not substantially or fundamentally lower or alter the standards.
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Accommodations & Modifications - Teaching Students with Visual Impairments - 2 views
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Be based on current individualized needs;Reduce the effect of the disability to access the current curriculum;Be specific about where, when, who and how the accommodations will be provided;Include current input from parents, teachers, student, and therapists;Be based on current specific needs in each content area.
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Changes in the medium used:braillelarge printaudiotapeelectronic textoral testing/scribing Changes made in the way materials are presentedCopies of overhead projector/smartboard activities to be viewed at his/her desk as needed.The teacher or presenter should verbalize all information as it is written on the board or overhead. Information presented on the board should be in a high contrast color. Use a slant-board to position papers appropriately for reduced visual strain and to avoid glare.The computer screen should be eye level and tilted to avoid glare.Use recorded text as needed.Classroom recording of lectures/instruction by the student.Large Print textbooks/materials.Braille textbooks/materials.Clear, dark copies of worksheets.Use of a reading guide to assist in keeping place while reading and completing worksheets.Present materials against a plain backgroundUse a good contrast background and present on a contrasting tray or mat. Time requirements:Time and a half or double timeConsideration for the student's reading/writing speedConsideration for the time needed to use adaptive equipmentConsideration for eye fatigue and scanning ability Changes in the way students demonstrate learningModified assignments (when appropriate and needed) to accommodate visual fatigue (extended time and/or shortened amount of assignments).Avoid activities requiring extensive visual scanning.Avoid visually cluttered materials.Allow students to use (bold marker, 20/20 pen, mechanical pencil, or another unique writing tool) to complete assignments.Use of bold line paper.Use of raised line paper.Abbreviated homework assignment (includes all concepts, just fewer items).Shorter written assignment.Oral testing. Changes in Setting: preferential seating in the classroom for all films, assemblies and demonstration lessons.seated facing away from windows.permission to move about the room as needed to see information presented away from his/her desk. Changes in the Setting: EnvironmentAvoid glare in general from overhead lights. Consider placing light filters on fluorescent lights.Open and close doors fully (a half-open door can be a dangerous obstacle).Eliminate unnecessary background noise. Consider isolation headphones.Eliminate clutter from the room, particularly in aisles and movement paths.Place materials in consistent places so that students know where particular items are always located.Preferential locker position and locks with keys vs. combination locks.Use of task lighting as needed.
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Modifications lower the learning expectations and should only be used if this is the only way for the student to be successful. Parents must understand if modifications to grade level standards are being made, their child may be at risk for not meeting graduation requirements.
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Reducing assignments so a student only completes the easiest problems;Altering assignments to make them easier;Requiring a student to learn fewer materials that are required by the State's academic content standards; Providing help to a student via hints or clues to the correct answers on assignments and tests.
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What is PTE ? Pearson Test of English - PTE Academic Exam Preparation - 1 views
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PTE is a computer-based exam that access your English capabilities and the entire exam format comprises of four sections. A) SpeakingB) WritingC) ReadingD) Listening The entire exam takes two and a half hours to complete. Let’s take a look at different sections of PTE.
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– Read Aloud– Repeat Sentence– Describe Image– Re-Tell Lecture– Answer Short Questions
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Summarize Written Text– PTE Essay Topics
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– Multiple Choice (Choose Single Answer)– Multiple Choice (Choose Multiple Answer)– Re-order Paragraph– Reading: Fill In The Blanks
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– Summarize Spoken Text– Multiple Choice (Choose Multiple Answers)– Fill In The Blanks– Highlight Correct Summary– Multiple Choice (Choose Single Answer)– Select Missing Word– Highlight Incorrect Words– Write From Dictation
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What is Non-Verbal Learning Disorder | NVLD Symptoms | Child Mind Institute - 2 views
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What Is Non-Verbal Learning Disorder? Difficulty picking up concepts and patterns affects kids visually, socially and academically
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Like autistic kids, kids with NLD often have trouble picking up social cues.
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Recognizing NLD patterns
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LD affects other, “non-verbal” kinds of learning like the ability to notice patterns and learn concepts. These include visual patterns, social patterns, and concepts in language and math.
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shared by Siri Anderson on 14 Feb 10
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Paradigms Restrained: Implications of New and Emerging Technologies for Learning and Co... - 1 views
quod.lib.umich.edu/...text-idx
Instructional Design MediaLiteracy technology cognition critical_thinking objectivism EdPsych Pedagogy
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"Students today can't prepare bark to calculate their problems. They depend on slates, which are more expensive. What will they do when the slate is dropped and it breaks? They will be unable to write." From a Teachers Conference, 1703. "Students today depend on paper too much. They don't know how to write on a slate without getting chalk dust all over themselves. They can't clean a slate properly. What will they do when they run out of paper?" From a principal's publication, 1815. "Students today depend too much on ink. They don't know how to use a pen knife to sharpen a pencil. Pen and ink will never replace the pencil." From the National Association of Teachers Journal, 1907. "Students today depend on store-bought ink. They don't know how to make their own. When they run out of ink they will be unable to write words or cipher until their next trip to the settlement. This is a sad commentary on modern education." From The Rural American Teacher, 1928. "Students depend on these expensive fountain pens. They can no longer write with a straight pen and nib. We parents must not allow them to wallow in such luxury to the detriment of how to cope in the business world, which is not so extravagant." From the Parent Teachers Association Gazette, 1941. "Ballpoint pens will be the ruin of education in our country. Students use these devices and then throw them away. The American values of thrift and frugality are being discarded. Business and banks will never allow such expensive luxuries." From Federal Teachers, 1950.
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What this suggests is that all technologies, be they things that plug in or advances in thought, have various affordances that make them at times useful and at times not useful. The trick is to figure out what makes them useful in what situations in order to leverage their strengths and avoid their weaknesses.
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Organizational instructional strategies are those decisions the instructional designer makes when designing learning activities. The most important of these decisions is how the designer will assist learners to process new information and to process at a deeper level, producing meaningful learning, whether or not a teacher is presen
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The choice of strategy is based on the designer's belief in the independent existence of knowledge: does it exist without the learner? Which epistemological approach to learning a designer espouses will have great impact on the organizational instructional strategy selected for use.
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The goal of learning from the objectivist perspective is to communicate or transfer complete and correct understanding to the learner in the most efficient and effective way possible
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Cognitivism recognizes that most people must develop a method of processing information to integrate it into their own mental models. The most recognizable mechanism in cognitive theory may be the definition of short term and long-term memory, and the need then to devise learner-appropriate methods of moving information from short-term memory to long-term memory. Learners must develop methods to learn how to learn. Consequently, interest in critical thinking skills has become fashionable in education. In terms of what this means for learning, it may be said that the truths are absolute in terms of what people are supposed to learn, but that we provide them latitude in how they arrive at those truths.
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Constructivism, described by von Glaserfeld (1977) as an alternate theory of knowing, is the belief that knowledge is personally constructed from internal representations by individuals who use their experiences as a foundation (
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he major differences between objectivism and constructivism involve beliefs about the nature of knowledge and how one acquires it. Objectivists view knowledge as an absolute truth; constructivists are open to different interpretations depending on who is interpreting. Objectivists believe learning involves gaining the answer; constructivists believe that because there are many perspectives, a correct answer is a limiting factor in learning. Constructivists say learning should focus on understanding and it may involve seeing multiple perspectives.
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Transfer of inert knowledge from one context to another unfamiliar context (i.e. the real world) is difficult and unlikely.
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Cognitive-flexibility theory is centered on "the ability to spontaneously restructure one's knowledge, in many ways, in adaptive response to radically changing situational demands . . .
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The idea is to allow students to criss-cross the landscape of a content area so that they might have a rich mental model of the domain. The trick is to determine how much complexity a given group of learners is capable of handling without becoming lost or discouraged. A series of scenarios escalating in complexity can usually accommodate most learners.
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Kurzweil (1999) says there is exponential growth in the rate of exponential growth; examining the speed and density of computation beginning with the first mechanical computers and not just the transistors that Moore used, he concluded that this doubling now occurs every year. He notes that "if the automobile industry had made as much progress [as the computing industry] in the past fifty years, a car today would cost a hundredth of a cent and go faster than the speed of light" (Kurzweil 1999, 25).
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Already today it is becoming archaic and superfluous to teach facts. Instead, education needs to focus on ways of thinking. In particular, students will need to be able to recognize a problem, determine what information might be needed to solve a problem, find the information required, evaluate the information found, synthesize that information into a solution for the problem, apply the solution to the problem, and evaluate the results of that application
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This artcle really struck me in terms of the descriptions of instructional design and the way they influence the type of learning that happens. Much social studies instruction, it seems to me, produces "inert knowledge" which is why most of us can't remember it later. Consider the descriptions I've highlighted of anchored instruction for an alternative approach.
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English-Language Learner Definition - 0 views
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students who are unable to communicate fluently or learn effectively in English, who often come from non-English-speaking homes and backgrounds,
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o not have the English-language ability needed to participate fully in American society or achieve their full academic potential in schools and learning environments in which instruction is delivered largely or entirely in English.
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fastest-growing segment of the school-age population in the United States, but they are also a tremendously diverse group representing numerous languages, cultures, ethnicities, nationalities, and socioeconomic backgrounds
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underperform on standardized tests, drop out of school at significantly higher rates, and decline to pursue postsecondary education.
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For example, states and national organizations have developed standards to guide curriculum and instruction in English-as a second language programs, while customized teaching and learning materials for English-language learners are now routinely introduced into regular academic courses.
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Global Connections for Elementary Students - 1 views
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Lesson Plans, Adolescence Social Studies - Just for Teachers - Research Guides @ Fordha... - 0 views
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"The SCIM-C process of historical thinking is a means to scaffold historical thinking in the social studies classroom. The five steps of this process ask that students: Summarize the source, by identifying the author and mein purpose of the source. Contextualizing the period of time and the place in which the source was produced. Inferring the perspectives and interpretations of the source's message. Monitoring what other information is needed in order to understand the source. Corroborating the similarities and differences between the various sources which they have examined regarding this topic. By going through this process, students would be better able to make sense of the source and present stronger text-based evidence regarding what they have learned from this source."
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Initiating C3 Inquiry Using Texts and Curiosity to Inspire Readers - 1 views
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Visualizing School Equity | Learning for Justice - 0 views
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This connects to 7I. Where the teacher is supporting and expanding expression through speaking, writing, or other media. This is happening through connections and building relationships with other schools in different districts and creating a portfolios about the facilities at the schools. Once these portfolios are exchanged they will then use the insights to create their own Student Bill of Rights. This will allow students another perspective to look at, think about, and reflect on.
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Form a partnership with a teacher in another district. You will ask your students to assemble a portfolio documenting the facilities at their school (through lists, narratives or photos); your partner teacher will ask her/his students to do the same. Classes can exchange portfolios. Each class can use the insights from the exchange to draft their own Student Bill of Rights.
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3. Ask to students to present their posters to the entire class.
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This connects to 3G where we are using student's thinking and experiences as a resources in planning instructional activities by encouraging discussion, listening and responding to group interaction, and eliciting oral, written and other samples of student thinking. This will allow students to look at public information on the per-student funding in the best and least funded schools. They will then present their findings to their peers while listening to others findings and thoughts.
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4. Circle back to the “Crossing the Gap” story by ask students to vote on the following proposition: An explicit right to equal per-student funding should be added to the Illinois Council of Students' Bill of Rights. Once your students have voted “yes” or “no” to the proposition, ask each group to present their decision, and three reasons supporting it, to the class as a whole.
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This connects to 4E where we understand how a students learning is influenced by individual experiencs, talents, and prior learning, as well as language, culture, family, and community values. This will allow students to look at their findings and how they think they have affected their choices. This will also allow students culture, family, and community values to play a part in their decision making. School and education is very important to different cultures, individual families, and communities. This will affect how students vote. This will also tap into 3G by encouraging discussion and support of the way they have voted.
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Then have students find the per-student funding levels (listed in dollar amounts) for the best-funded district, least-funded district, and their own district.
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Have students create a chart illustrating the funding gap between the best-funded and least-funded districts in the state, along with the per-student funding for their district.
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Have students brainstorm a list of useful educational items that could be purchased with the funding gap money for the least-funded district and/or their own district.
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This connects to 3G. Students are actively engaging in inquiry by looking at the gap and figuring what they think could be funded in the least funded school. Things that they may use or see as beneficial in their own school.
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The benefit in 3G is to the teacher, when we elicit student thinking it helps us tailor instruction to meet their needs. The standards are teacher standards, not student standards.
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• learn about inequities in the system and begin to question why those inequities exist by examining the funding gap in their own state.
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This connects to 3g. Students will be using their experiences in their school to think about why this funding gap exists . They will then brainstorm ways that they money could benefit the least funded school through oral and written activities.
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I don't see how looking at experiences in their own education will help students understand "why" funding gaps exist.
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• A large portion of public school funding comes from local property taxes. The funding gap exists when higher tax revenues mean much more school funding is available to wealthy communities than to poor communities.
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This could connect to 7I by allowing students to consider if this is fair and how we can look into and prevent this gap in funding. Do they think that this is fair, with wealthy communities paying a higher tax revenue? How do they think they could solve this.
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Standard 7I is about eliciting student communication in written or other forms. I don't see how this demonstrates that.
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TalkingPoints | Reach all your students' families in their home languages, using text m... - 0 views
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To reach girls in classroom, align practices to specific learning needs - kappanonline.org - 1 views
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Characteristics of lessons Clear lessons; Lessons relevant to students’ lives; and Collaborative lessons. Particular activities Class discussions; Hands-on; Multimodal; Creativity and the creative arts; and Out-of-class experiences.
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Among the eight components that we identified as contributing to effective and engaging lessons, the components reflected in the above narrative are relevance to this girl’s life and group collaboration.
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One central finding of Reichert and Hawley (2010b) is that boys elicit the kinds of teaching they need.
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Teachers designed lessons that captured student attention, which led to more meaningful classroom learning. This suggests that girls, like boys, elicit the pedagogy they need, though perhaps without (overtly) displaying resistance to the degree that boys do, and that both male and female teachers of girls are especially attuned to what girls need in terms of pedagogy and activities that maximize girls’ engagement.
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Culturally Responsive Teaching: 5 Strategies for Educators - 6 views
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Using traditional teaching methods, educators may default to teaching literature by widely accepted classic authors: William Shakespeare, J.D. Salinger, and Charles Dickens, for example, adhering to widely accepted interpretations of the text. Culturally responsive teaching, on the other hand, acknowledges that there’s nothing wrong with traditional texts, Childers-McKee says, but strives to include literature from other cultures, parts of the world, and by diverse authors. It also focuses on finding a “hook and anchor” to help draw students into the content using their past experiences.
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When integrated into classroom instruction, culturally responsive strategies can have important benefits such as: Strengthening students’ sense of identity Promoting equity and inclusivity in the classroom Engaging students in the course material Supporting critical thinking
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School Improvement Status and Outcomes for Students with Disabilities Study (SWD) - 1 views
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The National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities (NICHCY) - 2 views
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Learning for Justice | Education Resources - 0 views
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“Teaching Tolerance provides me with the means to promote social justice, challenge bias, and engage students in discussions about diversity that would perhaps not happen otherwise.”
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These robust, ready-to-use classroom lessons offer breadth and depth, spanning essential social justice topics and reinforcing critical social emotional learning skills.
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shared by Siri Anderson on 06 Jan 12
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Paddle-to-the-Sea by Holling Clancy Holling - 0 views
www.googlelittrips.com/...by_Holling_Clancy_Holling.html
google geography GoogleEarth social_studies content_area_reading literature
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