Differentiation: students will need to have premade graphs for some with pictures (vs. being able to read "flat" or "solid".) Allow students to graph their findings.
Prior to this experiment students need to learn about erosion and weathering. It would be a good idea for the students to work in pairs for the research. Then during the experiment have them draw a picture to represent what happens, if able also write their observations in complete sentences
you can extend this activity to KG or 1st grade by using single digit numbers 1-9 and then once they have mastered these you can use numbers 11-20. To extend this activity for older grades add additional steps by having them solve a multiplication or division problems and them comparing the answers or use fractions and compare greater than, larger than, or equivalent fractions.
3.OA.7 "Fluently multiply and divide within 100, using strategies such as the relationship between multiplication and division (e.g., knowing that 8 × 5 = 40, one knows 40 ÷ 5 = 8) or properties of operations. By the end of Grade 3, know from memory all products of two one-digit numbers."
This activity can be adjusted for ELL students by allowing them more time on the timer. The extra time may allow them enough time to think through their answers without feeling rushed. This can also be used for gifted students in the opposite way. The allotted time can be shorter, which encourages them to give their answers quickly! This activity can be used with younger ages by having the students practice their math facts, rather than their multiplication facts.
In this activity, students play a game of war using multiplication facts. Each player flips over two cards, and says the math sentence for those two cards. For example, if one student flipped over a 4 and a 5, he or she would say, "4 x 5 = 20". Using a timer, the teacher can set a designated amount of time. When the time is up, each player counts their cards. The person with the most cards wins!
You could combined with lesson with a lesson on graphing as well by asking students to record how many times each math sentence occurs and graphing the result. Since you are essentially flipping coins you should get a nice bell curve.
2.MD.1 Measure the length of an object by selecting and using appropriate tools such as rulers, yardsticks, meter sticks, and measuring tapes.
Differentiation:
For gifted students, have them write out the addition sentence for each problem.
In this game the students must roll a dice and add the numbers together, then they must select a material that is that number in length. The first student to reach exactly 100 cm wins.
3.2.4 Identify fossils and describe how they provide evidence about the plants and animals that lived long ago and the nature of their environment at that time.
3rd grade
Extensions: Be sure to go over vocabulary and different terms involving fossils, using illustrations to show the definition as well as the words.
Extensions: There are a lot of ways you can extend this activity. For Kindergarten or 1st grade you can extend this activity by creating a center of a dinosaur dig and have the students make their own fossil as well as draw a picture of the fossil they "dug up" and writing a simple sentence about what they think their fossil is.
Adaptions: You can adapt this lesson for ELL and special need students by having the students describe their fossil and you can create a timeline of the board and have the ELL and special needs students draw a picture of their fossil and place it on the timeline of when they think it lived.
For a bonus project, have students ask their parents to help them learn about thier leaf. They can find out a few simple facts, draw a picture, write a sentence, and be the teacher for the rest of the class.
Take a nature walk and have students pick one kind of leaf. Then follow these directions on how to make an imprint with clay. They can take home a "Leaf Token" as a keepsake at the end of the unit.