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Diane Gusa

CriticalThinking.org - The Role of Questions in Teaching, Thinking and Learning - 1 views

  • Thinking is not driven by answers but by questions
  • every field stays alive only to the extent that fresh questions are generated and taken seriously as the driving force in a process of thinking
  • To think through or rethink anything, one must ask questions that stimulate our thought.
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  • thinking begins with respect to some content only when questions are generated by both teachers and students.
  • No questions equals no understanding. Superficial questions equals superficial understanding. Most students typically have no questions. They not only sit in silence, their minds are silent as well. Hence, the questions they do have tend to be superficial and ill-informed. This demonstrates that most of the time they are not thinking through the content they are presumed to be learning. This demonstrates that most of the time they are not learning the content they are presumed to be learning.
  • Questions define tasks, express problems and delineate issues. Answers on the other hand, often signal a full stop in thought. Only when an answer generates a further question does thought continue its life as such.
    • Joy Quah Yien-ling
       
      An entirely radical and unique approach to assessment. I wonder if anyone has tried it before. It will be the most demanding exam ever.
  • Feeding students endless content to remember (that is, declarative sentences to remember) is akin to repeatedly stepping on the brakes in a vehicle that is, unfortunately, already at rest. Instead, students need questions to turn on their intellectual engines and they need to generate questions from our questions to get their thinking to go somewhere. Thinking is of no use unless it goes somewhere, and again, the questions we ask determine where our thinking goes.
  • It is possible to give students an examination on any subject by just asking them to list all of the questions that they have about a subject, including all questions generated by their first list of questions.
    • Diane Gusa
       
      HMMMMMMMM I would like to think about this and maybe try it.
    • Diane Gusa
       
      My sticky note got "stuck" in the wrong place...should be down by testing by students listing all the questions they had in course.
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    CriticalThinking.org - The Role of Questions in Teaching, Thinking and Learning
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    One of the reasons that instructors tend to overemphasize "coverage" over "engaged thinking" is that they assume that answers can be taught separate from questions. Indeed, so buried are questions in established instruction that the fact that all assertions - all statements that this or that is so - are implicit answers to questions is virtually never recognized. For example, the statement that water boils at 100 degrees centigrade is an answer to the question "At what temperature centigrade does water boil?"
sherrilattimer

FILLING THE TOOL BOX - 0 views

  • If on the other hand, they are used to information questions, they may ask, "Which states joined the Confederacy? What were the six main causes of the war? What happened at Shiloh? Who was the Union commander at Shiloh? When did the war end?"
  • If you ask many tantalizing and divergent questions in your classroom, your students are likely to model after your behavior for example, "What would have happened if Lincoln was shot in the first month of the war? Why did Lincoln only free the slaves in the rebel states? How did it feel to be a woman in the path of Sherman's army?"
  • The four rules of brainstorming: 1. all contributions are accepted without judgment; 2. the goal is a large number of ideas or questions; 3. building on other people's ideas is encouraged; 4. farout, unusual ideas are encouraged.
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  • And why do we bother with a time-consuming activity like developing a typology of questions? Because once students have the labels, you can lead them to practice each type of question thoughtfully. You can show a film and ask each student to think of three "why?" questions to share with the class at its conclusion. You may assign a story to read and ask for three "inference" questions. Suddenly the students can reach into their questioning tool box and carefully select the saw for sawing and the plane for planing.
  • When questions are nurtured, admitting a lack of knowledge is rewarded. It is the first step in learning and problem-solving
  • Unlike answers, questions carry little risk because the activity has made it acceptable to identify what it is that you do not know.
  • Some questions deserve 10 seconds of thought. Others require days or even months. Great questions span centuries of human civilization (i.e., "why are we here?" "How do we know?" "Can we know?" "How can we know if we know?").
  • The more typical classroom activity involves concealing what it is that you do not know.
  • Research into wait-time for American classrooms paints a distressing picture. Many teachers wait less than two seconds for the answer to each question and ask hundreds of questions per hour. These types of questions are generally recall questions demanding little thought.
  • Unlike many textbook publishers, reporters like to ask questions that flow from or stimulate curiosity, because unlike schools, televisions do not have captive audiences. A reporter will ask the victim how he or she is feeling, the rock star why he or she used drugs and the politician why he or she betrayed his or her constituents. Sometimes we are offended by the boundary lines of decency that curiosity compels these people to cross, so a recent rock song portrayed the phenomenon as "We love dirty laundry." We should expect considerably more sensitivity from our students, yet the model can work powerfully for us as we explore the issues surrounding any human event being studied in a classroom.
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    Classroom strategies to engender student questioning.
Joy Quah Yien-ling

Alternative Question Types: Questioning Toolkit - 0 views

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    Very interesting way of classifying questions. Includes "irreverent", "irrelevant questions" and "provocative questions". What happens if we consistently ask only "safe" questions? Is it acceptable for students be made aware of, and taught to ask "irreverent questions"?
Bill Hooper

AP Central - The AP Macroeconomics Exam - 0 views

  • Questions
  • All Questions
  • Questions
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  • Questions
    • Bill Hooper
       
      Each year, the free response questions from that years A.P. exam are posted. For example, by clicking on the link below, students will be able to view the 2008 questions. These questions have become an integral part of my course as practice and assessment tools.
  • Scoring GuidelinesStudent Performance Q&AScoring Statistics
  • Sample Responses Q1Sample Responses Q2Sample Responses Q3
    • Bill Hooper
       
      I frequently use the sample responses and give them to students as a way to assess their understanding. I have them grade the student papers and then compare their answers to the actual rubric.
  • 2008: Free-Response Questions
    • Bill Hooper
       
      The Free-Response questions are posted every year and are a integral part of my course. I use them as practice and assessment tools on a regular basis. I strongly recommend that all AP teachers make use of them.
    • Bill Hooper
       
      This page contain practice questions and answers for the AP Macroeconomics Exam. However, every AP course available on this site by clicking on the green link in the left hand sidebar entitled "AP Course and Exams" I strongly recommend it!!!!
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    Webpage containing every free response question asked on the A.P. Macroeconomics exam for the past 20 years. The questions and their associated detailed solutions are made available.
Joy Quah Yien-ling

My experience in NY - 0 views

    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      francisca: don't forget to self evaluate your etap687 reflections. see the blog grading rubric : ) also, i woul like you to bring your thoughts on the course readings and the videos into the online disucssion in the course. : ) me
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      brilliant!!! ask them, make them choose!!! i hope you will take this risk!!! have high expectations and give them the opportunity to teach you something!!! trust them! let go! : )
  • they own their pages,
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  • they want to share
  • hey want
  • the teacher only has to think creatively and give the students good instructions, he hasn’t have to give them lists of words and definitions that is the most boring part of constructing a course, and a lot of work.
  • I love to think that the process of re-conceptualizing a curse to go online can change the way teachers teach this way, and as I learned too, this change is not only for online classes, in face to face too, because it opens their minds, it makes them think and evaluate their old classes, their old evaluations, and most teachers change the way they teach face to face too, because they realize that traditional teaching doesn’t work face to face either. And they don’t change because they have to change, they have an excuse for changing, so online teaching is a catalyst for transforming teachers.
  • A lot of students never felt engaged and I have never understood that until now. The kind of activity I used to do was active and contextualized to the world, but not everybody has the same word or interests, so I think the only way to engage everybody is to ask them what they want to learn, or make them choose. Something I have never done is to empower my students to lead their own learning process. I have had problems trusting in them I have never give them freedom to be creative, lead a group, do research, look for something new, let them teach me something. I haven’t tried to get out the outlines, be more risky. I don’t know how it would be not to have the control of their learning process, but I would like to try. I learned a very interesting thing: they can find their own material, they can learn the things they like and are related with their own interests, they can lead a discussion about a topic they like and engage others in the discussion. They are able to do a lot of things and we have to take advantage of that as teachers because, if we do all the work, who is learning?
  • So, as I learned form Alex, the question is not “what can I teach online?”, the question is “how can I teach online the thing that I want to teach?”,
  • I don’t know if the question is “which students can be good online learners”, the question is “how can I engage most of them and help them to learn” however they are, because we can’t control that.
  • That is why I think it is so important to have questions in order to construct our knowledge, so I really understand that to make people think you have to guide them to have questions , not answers. And how to do that? The best way to do that, according to what I read in The role of questioning teaching, thinking and learning, is making the students do things, if they are passive they are not going to have questions, and also, make them good questions that are provocative and makes them think about what they are interested in solve or understand or do, and other kinds of question that lead students to critical thinking.
  • I think that in order to achieve a sense of community between your students you have to give them diverse and frequent opportunities for interaction between them and with you, it is not about knowing each other and working in groups in some activity, you have to interact a lot with all your classmates to build a community and feel that you belong to the class. So you have to design diverse activities and spaces for interaction, sharing and communication between students and with you. Also, you have to teach and guide the students in how to interact, how to contribute, how to add knowledge to the conversation, how to give their classmates feedback, how to reinforce their opinions, how to support them, how to answer their questions, how to evaluate them, how to question them, how to agree or refute them, how to make a comfortable climate for learning and a lot of other things related to create a sense of teaching presence and a sense of belonging to the group.
  • By teaching to their classmates students can understand more deeply the content, develop other skills like being creative, they have to think deeper in how to explain a concept and create good examples, and learn from their classmates, from their questions and from the interaction between them.
  • I like the idea of having a community blog
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      i didn't realize this would be a community blog. I LOVE this idea!!! have you thought of using ning for this? that way the space can persist as your faculty commmuity beyond the end of the development cycle.
  • I needed a Blog
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      yes, it should be a blog... not a wiki... you should look at ning for this... it provides the blog functionality wrapped with additional community ans social networking features...
  • sometimes we think the only way of engaging students is entertaining them. That is not true,
    • Joan Erickson
       
      I agree!
  • And even better, how Shoubang sounds so familiar and close to the students in the welcome document without anything fancy technology, only text, but it seems so easy to find him in there and so friendly.
    • Joy Quah Yien-ling
       
      We project who we are. People don't just leave their offline personalities behind when they go online. If a person is outgoing in real life, he will also be outgoing online (I think). But apparently, the online environment is good for shy people...
  • I think that this work is very creative, and as I remember in one of the first reading of this course (”10 ways online…”),
    • Joy Quah Yien-ling
       
      This is the creative aspect of teaching which I love as well. How can we ever be bored being a teacher? We are being creative all the time.
  • I don’t know why but I love it! I can review it forever, and I always have new ideas, and I love that.
  • some faculty’s opinions is that they feel younger because they feel the same feeling that they felt when they were teaching for the first time, and I think that they feel rewarded by their creation,  their new product.
sschwartz03

The Role of Questions in Teaching, Thinking and Le - 0 views

  • If we want thinking we must stimulate it with questions that lead students to further questions. We must overcome what previous schooling has done to the thinking of students. We must resuscitate minds that are largely dead when we receive them. We must give our students what might be called "artificial cogitation" (the intellectual equivalent of artificial respiration).
    • Luke Fellows
       
      Arts teach student's to ask questions, not provide answers. Like in Improv - "Yes, and..." this agrees a concept and adds to the narrative. Never negate. Like and answer. "Why?" Game. Superficial question that digs for deeper answers.
  • Thinking is not driven by answers but by question
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  • all statements that this or that is so — are implicit answers to questions
  • only students who have questions are really thinking and learning
  • This demonstrates that most of the time they are not thinking through the content they are presumed to be learning. This demonstrates that most of the time they are not learning the content they are presumed to be learning.
  • Answers on the other hand, often signal a full stop in thought
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    How deep questions drive thought. Statements are contrived originally by answering questions.
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    So, how do we provide "artificial cogitation"?
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    Need to ask questions to be able to think and then comes the learning.
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    "Thinking is driven by questions"
Maria Guadron

Education Rethink: 10 Ways to Help Students Ask Better Questions - 0 views

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    "However, the deeper questions didn't happen in a vacuum. Students have spent hours learning the art of questioning. Here are ten things I've done in class to encourage students to ask better questions:"
Catherine Strattner

Universal Intellectual Standards - 0 views

  • Universal intellectual standards are standards which must be applied to thinking whenever one is interested in checking the quality of reasoning about a problem, issue, or situation. To think critically entails having command of these standards. To help students learn them, teachers should pose questions which probe student thinking; questions which hold students accountable for their thinking; questions which, through consistent use by the teacher in the classroom, become internalized by students as questions they need to ask themselves. The ultimate goal, then, is for these questions to become infused in the thinking of students, forming part of their inner voice, which then guides them to better and better reasoning. While there are many universal standards, the following are some of the most essential:
  • CLARITY: Could you elaborate further on that point? Could you express that point in another way? Could you give me an illustration? Could you give me an example? Clarity is the gateway standard.
  • ACCURACY: Is that really true? How could we check that? How could we find out if that is true?  A statement can be clear but not accurate, as in "Most dogs are over 300 pounds in weight."
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  • PRECISION: Could you give more details? Could you be more specific? A statement can be both clear and accurate, but not precise, as in "Jack is overweight." (We don’t know how overweight Jack is, one pound or 500 pounds.)
  • RELEVANCE: How is that connected to the question? How does that bear on the issue? A statement can be clear, accurate, and precise, but not relevant to the question at issue.
  • DEPTH: How does your answer address the complexities in the question? How are you taking into account the problems in the question? Is that dealing with the most significant factors? A statement can be clear, accurate, precise, and relevant, but superficial (that is, lack depth).
  • BREADTH: Do we need to consider another point of view? Is there another way to look at this question? What would this look like from a conservative standpoint? What would this look like from the point of view of . . .?  A line of reasoning may be clear accurate, precise, relevant, and deep, but lack breadth (as in an argument from either the conservative or liberal standpoint which gets deeply into an issue, but only recognizes the insights of one side of the question.)
  • LOGIC: Does this really make sense? Does that follow from what you said? How does that follow? But before you implied this, and now you are saying that; how can both be true? When we think, we bring a variety of thoughts together into some order. When the combination of thoughts are mutually supporting and make sense in combination, the thinking is "logical." When the combination is not mutually supporting, is contradictory in some sense or does not "make sense," the combination is not logical.
  • FAIRNESS:  Do I have a vested interest in this issue?  Am I sympathetically representing the viewpoints of others?  Human think is often biased in the direction of the thinker - in what are the perceived interests of the thinker.  Humans do not naturally consider the rights and needs of others on the same plane with their own rights and needs.  We therefore must actively work to make sure we are applying the intellectual standard of fairness to our thinking.  Since we naturally see ourselves as fair even when we are unfair, this can be very difficult.  A commitment to fairmindedness is a starting place.
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    I think this is helpful in assessing the quality of critical thinking.
Diane Gusa

The Art of Writing Clear Instructions (or How to Tell People What to Do) - Content Mast... - 0 views

  • A common format for blog posts and articles is to present a topic and then include some actionable steps at the end to help your reader apply their learning. Here are a few ways you might do this: Reflection: Ask your readers to ponder or consider the new idea or perspective you shared with them, and how they might integrate it into their lives. Journaling: Ask your readers to write about the topic. You can provide specific questions for them to answer, or invite them to ask and answer their own questions. Rehearsal: Ask your readers to practice a new behavior, habit, thought pattern or language. Suggest how many times per day or week they should do it, and in which specific situation(s). Action: Ask your readers to take a specific action or actions. Suggest how many times per day or week they should do it, and in which specific situation(s). Documenting: Ask your readers to keep track of their progress; give them a checklist to mark off their actions or ask them to record it in a journal. You may also ask them to keep track of their results, feelings or thoughts during this process. Reporting: Ask your readers to share their results with you, your community or an  accountability partner.
    • Diane Gusa
       
      I plan on using this for my blogs. What do you think?
Jessica Backus-Foster

Tools for Teaching - Fast Feedback - 0 views

  • fast feedback
  • fast feedback
  • Informal sampling of students' comprehension
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  • informal requests for constructive criticism
  • how well students are learning the material
  • the effectiveness of your teaching strategies
  • focus on what can be changed during the semester--for example, the pace of the course, turnaround time on exams and assignments, or the level of difficulty of the material
  • three or four weeks after the semester begins
  • teaching a course for the first time or have significantly revised a course you have taught previously, you may want to canvass students as early as three or four weeks after the semester begins
  • Distribute blank index cards during the last five or ten minutes of class
  • Ask students to complete a brief informal questionnaire
  • four to six short-answer or multiple-choice questions
  • issues posed should be ones you can respond to during the term; otherwise your students may develop false expectations about the remainder of the course
  • Consider asking students to list the one or two specific behaviors or incidents that weighed most heavily in their ratings
  • Arrange for your students to be interviewed
  • Select a spokesperson who will also write down the groups' comments. Name something in the course that they find helpful or worthwhile or that has helped their learning. Name something that has hindered their learning and that they would like to see changed. Suggest how the course could be improved
  • groups of five or six
  • Respond quickly to students' comments
  • Consider carefully what students say
  • Let students know what, if anything, will change as a result of their feedback
  • Thank your students for their comments
  • Ask students to write a "minute paper."
  • "What question is uppermost in your mind at the end of today's class?"
  • Ask students to list key concepts or ideas
  • Ask students whether they are understanding you or not
  • avoid the generic "Any questions
  • refrain from posing general questions that might put students on the spot: "Who is lost?"
  • Have students briefly paraphrase a lecture or a reading assignment
  • Ask students to provide a closing summary
  • Encourage students to form study groups.
  • Have students turn in class notes as an assignment
  • Encourage graduate student instructors to give you comments about the course
sschwartz03

Ten Best Practices for Teaching Online - 2 views

    • Joy Quah Yien-ling
       
      Very current and relevant readings
  • Best Practice 6: Early in the term -- about week 3, ask for informal feedback on "How is the course going?" and "Do you have any suggestions?" Course evaluations have been called "post mortem" evaluations as they are done after the fact, and nothing can be changed to increase satisfaction or facilitate learning. Early feedback surveys or just informal discussions ask students to provide feedback on what is working well in a course and what might help them have a better course experience. This early feedback is done early in the course so corrections and modifications can be made. It is an easy opening for students who might have comments or suggestions or questions.
    • Francisca Capponi
       
      very important
  • Online learning is just as intensive as learning face-to-face, and time to do the work needs to be scheduled and planned for, just as if one were attending face-to-face classes. Being clear as to how much effort and time will be required on a weekly basis keeps surprises to a minimum.
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  • A good strategy for developing a supportive online course community is to design a course with a balanced set of dialogues. This means designing a course so that the three dialogues of faculty to student, student to student and student to resource are about equal. In most online courses, the dialogue of faculty to student is provided with (1) mini-lectures in text or video or audio podcasts, (2) weekly coaching and reminder announcements and (3) explanations/interactions with the students.
  • When faculty actively interact and engage students in a face-to-face classroom, the class develops as a learning community, developing intellectual and personal bonds. The same type of bonding happens in an online setting.
  • Early feedback surveys or just informal discussions ask students to provide feedback on what is working well in a course and what might help them have a better course experience. This early feedback is done early in the course so corrections and modifications can be made. It is an easy opening for students who might have comments or suggestions or questions.
  • Quick One-Liner Hints Create open-ended questions that learners can explore and apply the concepts that they are learning Model good Socratic-type probing and follow-up questions. Why do you think that? What is your reasoning? Is there an alternative strategy? Ask clarifying questions that encourage students to think about what they know and don't know. Stagger due dates of the responses and consider mid-point summary and /or encouraging comments Provide guidelines and instruction on responding to other students. For example, suggest a two-part response: (1) what you liked or agreed with or what resonated with you, and (2) a follow-up question such as what you are wondering about or curious about, etc.
  • As courses come to a close, it is easy to forget the value of a good closing experience. In the final weeks of a course, students are likely to be stressed and not take the time to do the lists and the planning that can help reduce stress and provide a calming atmosphere. A favorite image of mine is from David Allen of Getting Things Done. Allen notes that making a list helps us to clear the "psychic ram" of our brains and we feel more relaxed and more in control. Once we have made our list and schedule, we don't have to continually remind ourselves of what needs to be done and when. Here are a few hints for closing out a course experience with style and panache. Take time to remind students of what's next and when assignments and readings are due. Announcements of this type provide a "To Do" list and schedule for the learners. And by implication this list provides a helpful "To Do" list and schedule for you. As always, it is good to post reminders and make references to the planning list in your comments. And update as you go. Plan the ending of the course experience. A well-designed ending of a course provides opportunities for reflection and integration of useful knowledge. It is also a time to wrap up positive social and cognitive experiences.
  • How is the learner supporting the community of learners and contributing to the overall growth of the group? We have much to learn about teaching and learning and specifically about teaching online. The good news is that in 2011 we now know much more than what we did in 1990 or even 2000. The list of references that follow are starting points for both general teaching and for teaching online.
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    This was a great article; it gave many suggestion that seem obvious, but gave me some good ideas to use in my own site. Really helpful!
Joy Quah Yien-ling

Back-Channel Chat with TodaysMeet - 0 views

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    The blurb says "TodaysMeet helps you embrace the backchannel and connect with your audience in realtime. Encourage the room to use the live stream to make comments, ask questions, and use that feedback to tailor your presentation, sharpen your points, and address audience needs." It explains that the backchannel is "The backchannel is everything going on in the room that isn't coming from the presenter. The backchannel is where people ask each other questions, pass notes, get distracted, and give you the most immediate feedback you'll ever get."
Kimberly Barss

What does "student-centered" mean to you and . . . - SLN Faculty Online - 0 views

  • I don't think of my job as student-centered, nor is it teacher- or self-centered, but rather, learnING-centered.  There's a job to do that's shared by the whole class together.
    • Kimberly Barss
       
      This is extremely interesting! Especially that learning and knowledge creation is a shared responsibility by the entire class.
  • The main thing is to focus the students on the practical value of what they're learning by situating the assignments in real-world tasks, where the purpose is to provide something valuable to real people. 
    • Kimberly Barss
       
      again here is the notion of authenticity!
  • In my early years teaching, I was confronted by a graduate student who asked a question which I was not sure of the answer or how to answer it.  When asked by my director how I was doing I mentioned the incident to him.  He indicated that I should not be doing any research on this but the student should seek out the answer to his question.  Later in the class the same student asked a question; I wasn't sure of the answer and suggested to him that he research his question and make a presentation to the class on what he found.  I told him where he could research his question, indicated a couple situations in the real world he could look at.  The next week he presented and commented to the class that the assignment I gave him was very interesting and rewarding for him.  I was gratified, regained my feeling of self-worth, and had a student and class that found the results appropo.  This action was "student-centered".
    • Kimberly Barss
       
      What a great example!! What do you guys think of this? Does anyone use it in their classes now?
alexandra m. pickett

Thoughts About Teaching Spanish Online - 0 views

  • In an online environment it is fundamental.  Discussions generate questions, and questions promote critical thinking.  I now firmly believe, and understand, that in order to promote a higher level of language usage, I need to help my students learn how to think critically through questioning.  This is best accomplished through a dialogue format, where all students are expected to contribute in a relaxed and supportive learning environment.
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      Brilliant!!! yes! you are getting it!
  • I am wondering if there is a way to copy a module set-up, and then simply customize the web pages within each module. 
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      i wish there were in moodle but to my knowlege there is not. Believe me, i understand.
  • Suddenly, the student is propelled to think clearly and critically, as now their core ideas have the potential to be shared with anyone, anywhere.
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  • t occurred to me that real learning requires the removal of classroom walls in the sense that students need to be made to feel empowered  in their ability to learn independently, as well as in the amount of information they learn. 
  • Personal stories give life to a faceless person, just as they do in literature.  We come to know, like, love, despise, and sympathize with characters the more we know about them.  Online it is very different in the sense that we are communicating interactively, but unless we become ‘real’ to our students, there will be a disconnect between instructor-student that must ultimately interfere with knowledge acquisition, particularly since effective teaching presence has been shown to directly affect the quality of education in online environments based on interactions between students and instructors (Alex – Breeze presentation module 5).
  • Specifically, I need to ask myself:  Do these questions simply ask student to use their  foundational knowledge, and book resources,  in order to answer the questions? Or do they need to think, analyze, research and push themselves cognitively in order to understand, and answer, the posted questions?
  •   Online learning requires a different framework of thinking and behaving.  It requires a sense of self-reliance, responsibility and an openness to collaboration and reflection. 
  • Many of our high school students are not equipped with these survival skills. 
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      barbara: it is my experience that students rise to your expectations. I have seen remarkable work by k12 students and lower level college students. And even if it is true that they are not well equipped, they will have a fantastic teacher in you to get them there : ) me
  • online learning not only allows students to learn according to their favored multiple intelligences (visual, auditory, tactile, etc.), it also allows students to learn according to their own rate of information reception.  While the classroom forces us all to be quick thinkers, and immediate responders, many of us are not.  We need time to formulate ideas, responses and concepts.  Students who cannot respond immediately are left out of the learning environment and many may eventually ‘check-out’. 
  • Seeing others accomplish things that I had either not thought of, or was too intimidated to attempt, made me take chances. 
  • This is what learning is all about – moving out of our comfort zone and pushing our possibilities.
alexandra m. pickett

My thoughts are free - 3 views

  • There are just too many posts.
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      6 high quality posts in discussion per module (that is 3 per week) and 2 blog posts per module (one per week). You really think that is too much???
  • if the “essence” of the student can never be felt through a computer?
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      I question your assumptions about "essence" and "attendance" and "asking questions" and "peer acknowledgement" How can you say they are missing from an online class when we have examples of all these things all over the place this class?!
  • These are essentials missing from online courses that can not be seen.
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      REALLY?????!!!
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  • can’t be measured.In class,
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      i know every single click you have made in my cousre. I know dates, times, quantity. I have more data on you and your attendance and participation than any f2f teacher does.
  • ask questions and further ideas discussed in class allows the teacher to know if the student is on the right track.
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      This is not only demonstrated in the ask a question area of the course, but in the talk with the professor area, the Bulletin Board, and in the suggestion box area, not to mention the discussion area itself as well as via email. Have you not observed how i keep you on track in this course?
  • Even acknowledging that the student in class is thinking for himself and paying attention is taken into consideration by the teacher. In the classroom, discussion leaders can be acknowledge by the rest of the peers and possibly offer suggestions for them on how to stand firm in opinions and facts
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      Don't you see how we do this with peer evaluations and the interaction and teaching presence demonstrated by students in the course?
  • how could she even know what type of personality her professor has if she has never even seen him in person
    • alexandra m. pickett
       
      Don't you have a strong sense of my personality? And what about the personalities of your classmates? Don't you hear their voices in their posts??
  • it’s worth it. I
  • This “cured” my misconception, as this course marked my first course ever taking an online course.
  • I feel amazing
Irene Watts-Politza

Teachers' Invisible Presence in Net-based Distance Education | Hult | The International... - 0 views

  • The stance taken in this paper, then, is constructivist – that conversation is learning in the making.
  • Any conversation, that is, draws on heteroglossia (Bakhtin’s neologism) – pools of different ideas whose elements, when exchanged, foster learning. According to Bakhtin, every utterance has a double significance. It is an expression of a 'unitary [common] language' used to conduct the conversation and, at the same time, it builds on the 'social and historical' differences embedded in the heteroglossia (1981, p. 272).
    • Irene Watts-Politza
       
      This is what happens in a discussion thread.
  • Yuri Lotman,
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • described conversations as multi-authored texts rather than as multi-voiced heteroglossia (see Bakhtin, 1994,
  • texts “fulfill at least two basic functions:
  • fulfilled best when the codes of the speaker and the listener most completely coincide and, consequently, when the text has the maximum degree of univocality” (1988, p. 34). The generation of new meanings occurs when there are differences between the speaker and the listener. Texts used in educational exchanges cease:
  • online adult education is not the delivery of texts but, rather, the creation and insertion of ‘thinking devices’ into conversation.
  • For this article we have concentrated on teacher and student views of teachers’ role orientations in online courses.
  • our intention has been to identify and clarify teaching ‘saliences’ that have emerged in online adult education in Sweden. In a wider sense, however, our analysis is also a response to the question: ‘Whatever happened to teaching in the learning society?’
  • the posting data support the claim that the teachers adopted an initiating role.
  • Greater activity:
  • Greater influence on topic:
  • Faster response times:
  • When asked about their views, all students felt that teachers played a central role in supporting Net-based learning. Indeed, some of them suggested that moderation in online settings of adult education is more important than in face-to-face settings.
  • Orientations to Teaching
  • Activity Orientation
  • In this perspective, teachers gave students tasks that activated them and, thereby, fostered their understanding of subject matter.
  • offered students tips about articles, books and Internet sites
  • Some students spoke about being activated by stimulating tasks that led them to engage with the Web and libraries, with one of them adding ‘seeking by your self is a pre-condition for learning.’ Active searching also meant that students came into contact with information which extended their learning beyond the task itself.
  • None of the teachers, however, was entirely satisfied with their dialogic or conference practice. Levels of engagement, dialogue, and initiative-taking were not as high as they had hoped. In response, they tried to promote conversation by encouraging students to react to each other’s postings, by organising tasks where cooperation and interaction was needed, or by introducing new aspects and questions when discussion faltered.
  • Further, teachers reported that they also tried to act as models of good behaviour by giving swift replies to student postings and by making their own postings appropriate yet concise.
  • In contrast to the teachers most of the student group were satisfied with the course conversations.
  • A few
  • felt that sharing different aspects of the subject matter with the teacher and fellow students raised fresh questions. It made them reach beyond the book, evoking learning and thinking along new pathways. Even if they thought that well-chosen tasks were the most effective way of fostering dialogue, they also expected the course leader to participate fully, developing new themes if student postings declined, and remaining alert to student proposals that might enhance the interchange of ideas and knowledge.
  • Many students emphasised the importance of teaching that corroborated or validated their learning.
  • None of the teachers, however, spontaneously offered this view as their primary role or orientation. Nevertheless, when asked whether they had any correspondence with students through private mailboxes rather than ‘conferences’ and ‘cafes,’ some of them said that they occasionally responded privately to correct misinterpretations.
  • This task raises many questions about teaching, highlighting the difference, for example, between instructionist and constructionist paradigms for learning (Wilensky, 1991). Would a too well-planned course be instructionist, thus constraining student influence and the pursuit of democracy? In their postings, teachers in this study felt that there was no necessary contradiction – that well-planned courses could, indeed, strengthen student influence. Nevertheless, busy distance education students, according to the teachers, often appreciate instructionist courses with clearly stated activities and tasks, even if the students are left with limited opportunities to ‘construct their own relationships with the objects of knowledge’ (Wilensky, 1991, p. 202).
  • Teacher’s invisible presence is exemplified in taking a stand-by role and/ or being reluctant to intervene. ‘The [teachers’] silence should be deafening,’ one teacher recommended. Although most of the teachers agreed that well-planned courses do not inhibit course dialogue, the fact that in their own online course deliberations they set aside time to discuss this issue may reflect ambivalence in their stance. The question of when and how teachers should intervene remains impossible to resolve, except in practice.
  • three different aspects of teaching,
  • a second conclusion – that the promotion of learning in an open environment requires an animating or steering presence. Such teaching, however, is not a process of instruction. And for this reason the word teacher may no longer be appropriate. In English, the word tutor is commonly used in adult education, because it has connotations of ‘supervision’ and ‘guardianship’ as well as ‘instruction’ (see Oxford English Dictionary). More recently, Salmon has suggested ‘e-moderating,’ but even moderation carries instructionist connotations – to exercise a controlling influence over; to regulate, restrain, control, rule (OED) – that may not be appropriate to all forms of liberal education. In the context of mainland Europe, the word pedagogue may be appropriate since, etymologically, pedagogue denotes someone engaged in 'drawing out.'
  • Intellectual development, however, can be an intra- as well as an inter-personal phenomenon. That is, learning may not come directly from teachers but rather from their absent or invisible presence. Online pedagogues, therefore, can be present in different ways. They may be present in person, participating in learning conversations. They may constitute an absent presence that, nonetheless, is embodied in the learning resources directed towards students (e.g., the selected readings or activities). Or pedagogues may exist merely as inner voices, inherited from the language of others, that (invisibly) steer the desires, self-regulation, and self-direction of learners. Indeed, this last pedagogic position ‘auto-didacticism,’ has always been central to the post-Enlightenment ideals of liberal adult education.
    • Irene Watts-Politza
       
      Here's the money.
  •  
    Swedish study of university student and professor attitudes toward satisfaction with and definition of teacher presence in online adult learning. Implications for course design with respect to knowing one's audience.
Diane Gusa

Socratic questioning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • When teachers use Socratic questioning in teaching, their purpose may be to probe student thinking, to determine the extent of student knowledge on a given topic, issue or subject, to model Socratic questioning for students, or to help students analyze a concept or line of reasoning.
  • To deeply probe student thinking, to help students begin to distinguish what they know or understand from what they do not know or understand
  • To foster students' abilities to ask Socratic questions
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Socrates himself thought that questioning was the only defensible form of teaching
cpcampbell88

Evaluating Flipped Classrooms - 0 views

  •  
    Flipped Classrooms provide students with lecture before entering the classroom. This article provides feedback for teachers on how to implement a flipped classroom but also asks thought provoking questions about the practice.
  •  
    Flipped Classrooms provide students with lecture before entering the classroom. This article provides feedback for teachers on how to implement a flipped classroom but also asks thought provoking questions about the practice.
cpcampbell88

Problem-based learning: As authentic as it gets - 0 views

  •  
    In order for teachers to facilitate problem based learning, they must ask the right questions!
  •  
    In order for teachers to facilitate problem based learning, they must ask the right questions!
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