In each of the following examples, choose whether you would expect demand to
be elastic or inelastic. In none of these examples will the demand be as elastic
as the demand for gasoline at a particular gas station on a street with many gas
stations. Drivers will flock to a gas station with a price a few pennies below
its neighbors' prices, and will abandon a gas stations with a price a few
pennies higher. Choose "Elastic demand" if you think that buyers will buy
somewhat less if the price goes up, or somewhat more if the price goes down.
Choose "Inelastic demand" if you think that the buyers will buy about the same
amount if the price goes up or down.
An unconscious bleeding man is brought to a hospital emergency room.
A patient is given a presciption for a drug to control high blood pressure.
The patient's insurance doesn't cover drugs, so the patient must pay out of
pocket.
A hospital in-patient has insurance that will pay all charges. What would the
demand be like for nurse-administered propoxyphene (Darvon), a pain-reliever?
A senior signs up with a managed care plan to get the Medicare drug benefit.
Even though the senior is locked in for a year, the plan can, at any time,
change which drugs it will pay for, based on the plan's judgement about a drug's
effectiveness and price relative to other drugs that do about the same thing.
For members of that plan, what might the demand for the Darvon be like? Darvon's
cheapest alternative might be acetomenophen (Tylenol) in this case.
A family has a high-deductible health insurance policy. The effect is that
the family pays for primary care office visits out of pocket. Now, one of their
children has an earache. What would their demand be like for an office visit to
get this checked out?
In general, if the decision-maker has an incentive to spend less on some
product and if there is an adequate substitute for that product, then
demand is more ...
Group items tagged
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Economics Interactive Tutorial: Elasticity - 0 views
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This area is a perfect tool for the student to self-assess whether or not he/she grasps the concept of elasticty. The student reponds to each scenario and is provided with an immediate solution to confirm their answer.
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Health Savings Accounts -- The Best Way to Make Demand More Elastic?
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This section would be the perfect way to take the concept of elasticity and apply it to a current event. It could also be an excellent prereading for a discussion or blog.
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Elasticity
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This initial section provides a nice summary of elasticity and would be useful to assign as a reading to provide background at the beginning of the module.
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Terrific website to use as part of a short unit on elasticity. It provides all the basic background information, provides a self-assessment, and applies it to a current event. Students should have no trouble getting some good information out of this site.
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This is a very cool interative activity for students to use in their learning about the concept of elasticity.
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NARAtions » Tag, You're It! - 1 views
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Digital content organization is no longer limited to librarians and other experts. The National Archives encourages the public to tag archives: "Our hope is that crowdsourcing tags will enhance the content of our online catalog and help you find the information you seek more quickly."
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Download & Streaming : Audio Archive : Internet Archive - 0 views
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Grateful Dead concerts
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i am sure you already have this mike, but don't see it bookmarked. -
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Online Teaching Effectiveness: A Tale of Two Instructors | Gorsky | The International R... - 0 views
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We propose, as have others (i.e., Shea, Pickett, & Pelz, 2003), that the community of inquiry model (Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 2000) reflects the principles of good practice in undergraduate education and can accurately quantify them.
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issues of pedagogy, dialogue, and interaction
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guide the coding of transcripts.
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Social presence is the perceived presence of others in mediated communication (Rourke, Garrison, & Archer, 1999), which Garrison et al. (2000) contend supports both cognitive and teaching presence through its ability to instigate, to sustain, and to support interaction. It had its genesis in the work of John Dewey and is consistent with all theoretical approaches to learning in higher education.
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See http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/262/838 for similar viewpoint.
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Teaching presence is defined as “the design, facilitation and direction of cognitive and social processes for the purpose of realizing [students’] personally meaningful and educationally worthwhile outcomes” (Anderson et al., 2001, p.5). Vygotsky’s (1978) scaffolding analogies illustrate an assistive role for teachers in providing instructional support to students from their position of greater content knowledge. Although many authors recommend a “guide on the side” approach to moderating student discussions, a key feature of this social cognition model is the adult, the expert, or the more skilled peer who scaffolds a novice’s learning
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Shea, Pickett, & Pelz , 2004
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Each category of a tutor’s presence is vital to learning and to the establishment of the learning community; tutors' behavior must be such that they are seen to be “posting regularly, responding in a timely manner and modeling good online communication and interaction” (Palloff & Pratt, 2003, p.118). Without an instructor’s explicit guidance and “teaching presence,” students were found to engage primarily in “serial monologues” (Pawan et al., 2003). Baker (2004) discovered that “instructor immediacy, i.e., teaching presence (Rourke et al., 1999), was a more reliable predictor of effective cognitive learning than whether students felt close to each other. Studies have demonstrated that instructor participation in threaded discussion is critical to the development of social presence (Shea, Li, Swan, & Pickett, 2005; Swan & Shih, 2005) and sometimes not fully appreciated by online faculty (Liu, Bonk, Magjuka, Lee, & Su, 2005). Shea, Li, and Pickett (2006) proposed that teaching presence – viewed as the core role of the online instructor – is a promising mechanism for developing learning community in online environments.
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students ranked instructor modeling as the most important element in building online community, while instructors ranked it fourth.
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Shea (2006), who completed an extensive study of teaching presence and online learning, concluded that two categories (“design” and “directed facilitation”) sufficed to define the construct.
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Kalman, Ravid, Raban, and Rafaeli (2006) argued that interactivity is an essential characteristic of effective online communication and plays an important role in keeping message threads and their authors together. Interactive communication (online as well as in traditional settings) is engaging, and loss of interactivity results in a breakdown of the communicative process.
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Research indicates the existence of a relationship between learners’ perceptions of social presence and their motivation for participation in online discussions (Weaver & Albion, 2005).
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Northrup (2002) found that online learners felt it was important for instructors to promote collaboration and conversation. When interactive activities are carefully planned, they lead not only to greater learning but also to enhanced motivation (Berge 1999; Northrup, 2002).
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Researchers have suggested that timing of messages can serve as a proxy for a sense of social presence (Blanchard, 2004), as an indication of attentiveness (Walther & Bunz, 2005) or respect (Bargh & McKenna, 2004), and as a clue to the sociability of a community (Maloney-Krichmar & Preece, 2005). As such, the frequency of messages may serve as a signal for how engaged participants are with the community.
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Eom found that the most significant factors for increasing student satisfaction with online classes are paying attention to students and responding to their concerns.
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The highly esteemed instructor was especially active from semester midpoint to semester end; she more than doubled her active participation in both teaching presence (especially discourse and instruction) and social presence (all three categories).
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the lack of specific, progressively structured inquiry tasks and/or the lack of facilitation skills (teaching presence/facilitating discourse) may have contributed to the relatively limited occurrences of cognitive presence.
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something else accounted for the extreme satisfaction and dissatisfaction experienced by students in the two forums. The something else may be the two exceptional events that occurred during the third month: The instructor held in low esteem became nearly dysfunctional, while the highly esteemed instructor exhibited very high teacher presence and social presence (see Table 3 and 4).
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Shea, Pickett, and Pelt (2003) found that students’ perceived teacher presence also correlates with perceived learning as well as with students’ satisfaction with the forum. This correlation points to the tentative conclusion that teaching presence affords learning by setting a convenient climate.
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we suggest that students’ perceived learning in course forums has a significant impact on their participation
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the table is suggestive of the eventual possibility of having an “objective” tool for evaluating the quality of a given forum.
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(Anderson et al., 2001).
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Teaching effectiveness may be defined as how an instructor can best direct, facilitate, and support students toward certain academic ends, such as achievement and satisfaction. Teaching effectiveness has been investigated extensively in traditional classrooms for more than seven decades (for a meta-analysis of empirical studies from 1995-2004, see Seidel & Shavelson, 2007). Over the past five years, research has become directed toward teaching effectiveness in online or virtual classes. As a preface to our study, we discuss findings and conclusions concerning teaching effectiveness in traditional classrooms.
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Journal Help ISSN: 1492-3831 Journal Content Search All Authors Title Abstract Index terms Full Text Browse By Issue By Author By Title User Username Password Remember me Article Tools Abstract Print this article Indexing metadata How to cite item Review policy Email this article (Login required) Email the author (Login required) Post a Comment (Login required) Font Size Make font size smaller Make font size default Make font size larger SUBSCRIBE TO MAILING LIST 5,591 subscribers Select Language▼ function googleTranslateElementInit() { new google.translate.TranslateElement({ pageLanguage: 'en', autoDisplay: false, layout: google.translate.TranslateElement.InlineLayout.SIMPLE }, 'google_translate_element'); } Home About Register Archives Announcements Resources Submissions http://www.irrodl.org/
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One of the most widely cited sources for teacher effectiveness in traditional classrooms is Chickering and Gamson (1987), who suggested seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education.
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encourages student-faculty contact, encourages cooperation among students, encourages active learning, gives prompt feedback, emphasizes time on task, communicates high expectations, respects diverse talents and ways of learning.
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Grateful Dead : Free Music : Free Audio : Download & Streaming : Internet Archive - 0 views
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Welcome to the Grateful Dead collection. Here you will find both: Downloadable Shows (typically, Audience recordings), and Stream-Only Shows (typically, Soundboard recordings). At this time, the Grateful Dead collection is not open to public uploads. function tapeoftheday() { ...
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shared by Catherine Strattner on 17 Jul 12
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Instructional Design Commons - 1 views
instructionaldesigning.org/node
community inquiry community of inquiry teaching presence instructional design
shared by Catherine Strattner on 17 Jul 12
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Irene Watts-Politza liked it
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If you click on "Available on the Web", you are able to "attend" an archived Elluminate Live! discussion on the topics of teaching and cognitive presence.
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If you click on "Available on the Internet", you can view archived Elluminate Live! presentations on Teaching or cognitive presence.
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shared by alexandra m. pickett on 22 Jul 12
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http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/ivlos/2006-1216-204736/pol - the affordance of anch... - 0 views
igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/...of%20anchored%20discussion.pdf
anchored-discussion discussion diigo-annotated-achored-discussion
shared by alexandra m. pickett on 22 Jul 12
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Describes anchored discussion. Compares regular discussion with anchored discussion.
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Anchored discussion is a form of collaborative literature processing. It "starts from the notion of collaborative discussion that is contextualized or anchored within a specific content" (van der Pol, Admiraal & Simons, 2006). In this course, the discussions we participate in are based on prompts that address ideas included in each of the required resources for each module. However, an anchored discussion is a discussion that is focused on one piece of literature. As students read and digest the material, discussions about the meaning of that material occur within a window where the material is present. It is like having an asynchronous chat window open next to a research article. (van der Pol et al., 2006) As I started learning about anchored discussions, I saw many connections to shared annotation such as what we use Diigo for. Van der Pol et al. (2006) state that "shared annotation might leave more room for individual processes, but is shown to have some limitations in supporting interactivity". Anchored discussions take shared annotation a step further in that it requires conversation (as opposed to individual notes) regarding a resource. The collaborative piece of anchored discussions really got my attention in that it provides greater opportunity for the development of teaching presence by both students and the instructor. The opportunity to facilitate a discussion within the context of a required reading is an exciting idea for me. The use of anchored discussion allows for all three facets of teaching presence: instructional design and organization, facilitating discourse, and direct instruction (Shea, Pickett, & Pelz, 2003). I am wondering if there is a way to use Diigo in creating anchored discussions.
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Teaching at an Internet Distance-----MERLOT - 1 views
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Several of our speakers were able to shed light on the cause of this rising tide of faculty opposition to computer mediated instruction. Andrew Feenberg of San Diego State University summarizes the situation in the opening paragraph of his "Distance Learning: Promise or Threat" (1999) article: "Once the stepchild of the academy, distance learning is finally taken seriously. But not in precisely the way early innovators like myself had hoped. It is not faculty who are in the forefront of the movement to network education. Instead politicians, university administrations and computer and telecommunications companies have decided there is money in it. But proposals for a radical "retooling" of the university emanating from these sources are guaranteed to provoke instant faculty hostility."
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As a red-head, I'm just glad they didn't use the phrase "red-headed stepchild." LOL
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The implementation of online education shows both promise and peril. Computer mediated instruction may indeed introduce new and highly effective teaching paradigms, but high-quality teaching is not always assured. Administrative decisions made without due consideration to pedagogy, or worse, with policies or technology that hampers quality, may cause much wasted time, money and effort of both faculty and students.
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In training, a particular package of knowledge is imparted to an individual so that he or she can assume work within a system, as the firefighters do for example. According to Noble, training and education are appropriately distinguished in terms of autonomy (Noble, 1999). In becoming trained, an individual relinquishes autonomy. The purpose of education, as compared to training, is to impart autonomy to the student. In teaching students to think critically, we say in effect "Student, know thyself." Education is not just the transmission of knowledge, important as that is, but also has to do with the transformation of persons (and the development of critical thinking skills).
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Does good teaching in the classroom translate to good teaching online? If so, what elements can be translated and which ones can't or shouldn't?
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"The shared mantra of the faculty and staff during the development of this document was that "good teaching is good teaching!" An Emerging Set of Guiding Principles... is less about distance education and more about what makes for an effective educational experience, regardless of where or when it is delivered."
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Good practice encourages student-faculty contact. Good practice encourages cooperation among students. Good practice encourages active learning. Good practice gives prompt feedback. Good practice emphasizes time on task. Good practice communicates high expectations. Good practice respects diverse talents and ways of learning.
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Frequent student-faculty contact in and out of class is the most important factor in student motivation and involvement. Faculty concern helps students get through rough times and keep on working. Knowing a few faculty members well enhances students' intellectual commitment and encourages them to think about their own values and future plans.
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At first glance, teaching a class without the ability to see and hear the students in person appears daunting. The enlightened, quizzical, or stony facial expressions, the sighs of distress or gasps of wonder, and even the less-than-subtle raised hands or interjected queries that constitute immediate feedback to a lecture, discussion, or clinical situation are absent. Yet the proponents of online instruction will argue that these obstacles can be overcome, and that the online format has its own advantages. In the online experiences documented in the "Net.Learning" (www.pbs.org/netlearning/home.html) videotape, which our seminar viewed early in the year, Peggy Lant of the California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo presented a striking example that occurred in her class' online discussion of civil war. One student's comments were especially gripping as she had just survived a civil war in her home country. Shy students who have trouble participating in a classroom discussion are said to feel more comfortable in an online setting. The ability to sit and think as one composes a question or comment also can raise the quality of the discussion. Susan Montgomery at the University of Michigan has developed an interactive website that addresses diverse learning styles through the use of multimedia (Montgomery, 1998).
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Teachers, trainers, and professors with years of experience in classrooms report that computer networking encourages the high-quality interaction and sharing that is at the heart of education. ...(The) characteristics of online classes... generally result in students' contributing material that is much better than something they would say off the top of their heads in a face-to-face class. There is a converse side, however. Just after the passage above, Harasim cautions (Harasim et al. 1995) On the other hand, unless the teacher facilitates the networking activities skillfully, serious problems may develop. A conference may turn into a monologue of lecture-type material to which very few responses are made. It may become a disorganized mountain of information that is confusing and overwhelming for the participants. It may even break down socially into name calling rather than building a sense of community.
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At what cost is this high degree of interaction, the need for which we suspect is student motivation and the professor's (online) attentiveness, achieved? In the previous section it was noted that charismatic professors of large (several hundred student) classes might indeed reach and motivate the students in the back row by intangible displays of attentiveness. Online, attentiveness must be tangible, and may involve more effort than in a face-to-face setting. These considerations imply an inherent limitation of online class size; size is determined by the amount of effort required to form a "community of learners."
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Small class sizes and the linear dependence of effort on student numbers are indicative of the high level of interaction needed for high quality online teaching
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The best way to maintain the connection [between online education and the values of traditional education] is through ensuring that distance learning is 'delivered' not just by CD ROMs, but by living teachers, fully qualified and interested in doing so online ... [P]repackaged material will be seen to replace not the teacher as a mentor and guide but the lecture and the textbook. Interaction with the professor will continue to be the centerpiece of education, no matter what the medium.
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and Ronald Owston, who points out (Owston, 1997) "...we cannot simply ask 'Do students learn better with the Web as compared to traditional classroom instruction?' We have to realize that no medium, in and of itself, will likely improve learning in a significant way when it is used to deliver instruction. Nor is it realistic to expect the Web, when used as a tool, to develop in students any unique skills."
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Facilitating Online Courses: A Checklist for Action The key concept in network teaching is to facilitate collaborative learning, not to deliver a course in a fixed and rigid, one-way format. Do not lecture. Be clear about expectations of the participants. Be flexible and patient. Be responsive. Do not overload. Monitor and prompt for participation. For assignments, set up small groups and assign tasks to them. Be a process facilitator. Write weaving comments every week or two... Organize the interaction. Set rules and standards for good netiquette (network etiquette)... Establish clear norms for participation and procedures for grading... Assign individuals or small groups to play the role of teacher and of moderator for portions of the course. Close and purge moribund conferences in stages... Adopt a flexible approach toward curriculum integration on global networks.
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Joy and I talked about this in discussions. I am now struggling with making a project mgr. aware of this at work. The vendor training online was boring so lets deliver it all in person. Junk is Junk online or in person!
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Internet Archive Forums: View Post - 0 views
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Hidden Track » Your Tax Dollars at Work: UC Santa Cruz to Receive $615K to Fu... - 1 views
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Unfortunate that to get others on the opposing side the word "taxes" gets used. It is about time the GD received some legitimacy!
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Joel Shapiro Online - 0 views
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Joel Shapiro [American Sculptor, born in 1941] Guide to pictures of works by Joel Shapiro in art museum sites and image archives worldwide.
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News: Better Learning With Sites and Sound - Inside Higher Ed - 0 views
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shared by Joy Quah Yien-ling on 12 Dec 10
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The "V-PORTAL": Video Online Repository for e-Teaching and Learning... - The World Is Open - 3 views
travelinedman.blogspot.com/...v-portal-video-primers-in.html
online teaching online online course teacher development
shared by Joy Quah Yien-ling on 12 Dec 10
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List of 27 videos: 1. Planning an Online Course 2. Managing an Online Course: General 3. Managing an Online Course: Discussion Forums 4. Providing Feedback 5. Reducing Plagiarism 6. Building Community 7. Building Instructor and Social Presence 8. Online Relationships: Student-Student, Student-Instructor, Student-Practitioner, Student-Self 9. Fostering Online Collaboration/Teaming 10. Finding Quality Supplemental Materials 11. Blended Learning: General 12. Blended Learning: Implementation 13. Blended Learning: The Future 14. Online Writing and Reflection Activities 15. Online Visual Learning 16. Using Existing Online Video Resources 17. Webinars and Webcasts 18. Podcasting Uses and Applications 19. Wiki Uses and Applications 20. Blog Uses and Applications 21. Collaborative Tool Uses and Applications 22. Hands-On/Experiential Learning 23. Coordinating Online Project, Problem, and Product-Based Learning 24. Global Connections and Collaborations 25. Assessing Student Online Learning 26. Ending, Archiving, Updating, and Reusing an Online Course 27. Trends on the Horizon
http://www.archive.org/stream/ConvInstDesign/ConvInstDesignTape1Part1.mp4 - 0 views
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Unshielded Colliders: Poverty and Education - 0 views
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For example, Mel Riddile points out that when one conditions on various measures of poverty, instead of trailing other nations, the U.S. actually comes out on top! He concludes that "when it comes to school improvement, it's poverty not stupid." Poverty causes educational deficiency.
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or example, Mel Riddile points out that when one conditions on various measures of poverty, instead of trailing other nations, the U.S. actually comes out on top! He concludes that "when it comes to school improvement, it's poverty not stupid." Poverty causes educational deficienc
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For example, Mel Riddile points out that when one conditions on various measures of poverty, instead of trailing other nations, the U.S. actually comes out on top! He concludes that "when it comes to school improvement, it's poverty not stupid." Poverty causes educational deficiency. Now, I like to actually have data to play around with, in part because people have been known to lie about politically charged issues and in part because I like to have nice graphs (which are not provided by Riddile). Anyway, it turns out that international poverty data is pretty hard to come by and fraught with interpretational difficulties. On the other hand, the National Assessment of Educational Progress provides test data for most of the states in the U.S., and the U.S. Census Bureau provides data on the percentage of people in poverty by state. I took the NAEP data for 8th grade science achievement and regressed on the percentage of people below the poverty line for the measured states. The two are negatively associated: as poverty increases, science achievement scores decrease according to the relationship in the plot below. (Alaska, Kansas, Nebraska, and Vermont did not meet NAEP reporting guidelines and are not included in the plot above.) The association is highly significant (p=9.98*10-6). I also took pilot NAEP data for 8th grade mathematics achievement and regressed on the percentage of people below the poverty line for the measured states. (Evidently, the NAEP has only just started testing for mathematics achievement, and only eleven states were included in their pilot.) Again, the two are negatively associated. The slope of the relation turns out to be almost exactly the same as for science achievement. The association is not as significant, but it is still significant (p=0.0186). (My guess is the association is less significant in this case because fewer states were measured.) Clearly there is an association between poverty and achievement in science and mathem
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Group items tagged module 4 assignment - ETAP640 | Diigo Groups - 2 views
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Teachers' Domain: Pizza Toppings - 1 views www.teachersdomain.org/...vtl07.math.data.rep.pizzatopp Module 4 Assignment Pizza Venn Diagram Video Cyberchase OER teachers domain shared by Catherine Strattner on 21 Jul 12 - comment - like... - No Cached - more▼ Link to this item Edit this item Delete this item Save Send to Disable email alert Victoria Keller liked it In order to organize the preferences, Bianca draws a Venn Diagram and then arranges the pizza toppings according to the diagram. Catherine Strattner on 21 Jul 12 - edit - delete I will be using this video as a resource for students to view prior to engaging in discussion on 2-set and 3-set venn diagrams. <div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">I will be using this video as a resource for students to view prior to engaging in discussion on 2-set and 3-set venn diagrams.</div> ... Cancel ... Cancel Add Sticky Note Victoria Keller on 21 Jul 12 This is a great motivation to use for your course on venn-diagrams!! As an added note the pizzeria John's is in NYC and is a franchise from NJ. <div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">This is a great motivation to use for your course on venn-diagrams!! As an added note the pizzeria John's is in NYC and is a franchise from NJ.</div> ... Cancel
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Pizza Toppings | OER Commons - 0 views www.oercommons.org/...view Module 4 Assignment Pizza Venn Diagram Video OER Cyberchase shared by Catherine Strattner on 21 Jul 12 - comment - like... - No Cached - more▼ Link to this item Edit this item Delete this item Save Send to Disable email alert Catherine Strattner on 21 Jul 12 - edit - delete Great video on a practical use of Venn diagrams- will use in my course as a resource for viewing prior to engaging in discussion on 3-set Venn diagrams. <div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">Great video on a practical use of Venn diagrams- will use in my course as a resource for viewing prior to engaging in discussion on 3-set Venn diagrams.</div> ... Cancel ... Cancel
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Alex, I did complete this assignment as instructed. Not sure why you didn't see it as it is tagged appropriately... let me know if there is some issue on my end that needs to be fixed. Thanks- Catherine
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Utah Local News - Salt Lake City News, Sports, Archive - The Salt Lake Tribune - 0 views
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He sits on a silver exercise ball, rather than a hard school chair
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but can also learn in the living room or in the basement by hooking up the computer to a television
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directing his attention away and back to his iPhone.
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the steady diet of sensory input helps David feel grounded and focus,
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But for the first time, she says, David will now get motivated and do some tasks on his own.
