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students becoming powerful consumers of education and demanding up-to-date interesting and interactive models of teaching and support.

Hall (2010) acknowledges that there are benefits to technological approaches in teaching and learning, but rejects the idea that technology is a “panacea” for the netgen (net generation). Skiba (2007, p.100), however, strongly argues that these emerging technologies “will transform the way nursing education is offered” in the future.

Today's students are experienced in digital interaction from an increasingly early age

The first benefit to using YouTube in teaching and learning is that it is a recognised tool from the digital environment of the netgen

already being used as both an informal and formal learning tool by many

it can be accessed anywhere at any time.

students can engage with their learning at a time and place to suit them.

YouTube as a tool in the classroom can lead to increased engagement in several key ways.

keeps students' attention focused. This is especially pertinent in the digital era with the reducing attention span

visual methods of delivery is an established method of keeping material ‘memorable’

Therefore our students no longer need to trudge to the library and join a waiting list to access a suitable supporting material.

Kellner and Kim 2009 Kellner, D., Kim, G., 2009. YouTube, Critical Pedagogy and Media Activism: An Articulation. Accessed online at http://gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/2009_essays.html.Kellner and Kim (2009) confirm that UTers (YouTube users) who responded to a video either through text comments or video responses showed higher motivation in the discussion.

ouTube offers a medium to provide multiple viewpoints to provoke comparison within the lecture environment .

YouTube opens the door to find alternative representations of anything you might want to say

Freeman and Chapman, 2007 B. Freeman and S. Chapman, Is “YouTube” telling or selling you something? Tobacco content on the YouTube video-sharing website, Tobacco Control 16 (2007), pp. 207–210. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (27)Freeman and Chapman (2007) point to the risk of YouTube being used as a mode of subversive advertising and report on a wide range of underhand tactics used by tobacco companies to sponsor their products.

Kellner and Kim 2009 Kellner, D., Kim, G., 2009. YouTube, Critical Pedagogy and Media Activism: An Articulation. Accessed online at http://gseis.ucla

Therefore the role of the lecturer is to stimulate discussion

They describe this as the: ‘process of video postings as self education, UTers thus practice the pedagogy of learning-by-doing as “performative pedagogy” that they effectively engage in their everyday lives as a fundamental process of meaning-making’ (Kellner and Kim, 2009, p. 15).

Good techniques to use are presenting alternative sides of arguments and allowing discussions about the appropriateness of choices.

YouTube is a resource of user-generated content with no quality regulation

half of the requirement for this class.

I was given this gift: show your students the importance of reflection. 

There was absolutely nothing about my course learning activities that was learner-centered, or, one could argue, learning-centered!  I was being extremely teacher-centered in my approach! 

  Because of that, I need to embrace these tools, explore new ideas, and for goodness sake- think about the STUDENT.

the more effort you put into it, the more successful you’ll be.

One thought I had, as I look forward to getting a PhD, is that theories come from practice which means that theories about online learning come from individuals creating courses, teaching courses, and collecting feedback from courses over and over and then after all of that work is finished, turning right around and working at analyzing the data, and attempting to answer research questions.  In order to have credible research, the questions must be relevant, the measures must be valid and thorough, and the analyses of results must be comprehensive. 

Reflective Writing: I have to admit, at the beginning of the course I thought the blogging activities were just busy work.  I viewed the assignments as busy work, and treated my entries as such.  As time ticked on, I started getting into the blogs and realizing that it was my personal space in which I could reflect on my work on my course and my learning throughout the week/module.  So much of life and learning in school is sort of thrown at you, and if you don’t take the time to intentionally deconstruct the events and make sense of them, then you’ll never grow and improve.  I’d rather grow.

If I don’t place intentional emphasis on something (like making it worth a portion of their grade) then I am sending a message that it’s not important. 

Nothing should be an accident or “just because” in the online teaching environment. 

Students don’t want their time wasted.

One of the key arguments we are making is that the role of educators needs to shift away from being expert in a particular area of knowledge, to becoming expert in the ability to create and shape new learning environments. In

You get to see students learn, discover, explore, play, and develop, which is the primary reason

We take it as a truism that kids learn about the world through play.

known that at that age, play and learning are indistinguishable. The premise of A New Culture of Learning is grounded in the idea that we are now living in a world of constant change and flux, which means that more often than not, we are faced with the same problem that vexes children. How do I make sense of this strange, changing, amazing world? By returning to play as a modality of learning, we can see how a world in constant flux is no longer a challenge or hurdle to overcome; it becomes a limitless resource to engage, stimulate, and cultivate the imagination. Our argument brings to the fore the old aphorism "imagination is more important than knowledge." In a networked world, information is always available and getting easier and easier to access. Imagination, what you actually do with that information, is the new challenge

users are not so much creating content as they are constantly reshaping context

how we learn is more important than what we learn.

Mehrabian (1967) defined immediacy as the extent to which selected communicative behaviors enhance physical or psychological closeness in interpersonal communication.

Anderson (1979) summarizes the impact of immediacy: The more immediate a person is, the more likely he/ she is to communicate at close distances, smile, engage in eye contact, use direct body orientations, use overall body movement and gestures, touch others, relax, and be vocally expressive. In other words, we might say that an immediate person is perceived as overtly friendly and warm (p. 545).

“Knowledge building occurs as students explore issues, examine one another’s arguments, agree, disagree, and question positions. Collaboration [learner-learner interaction] contributes to higher order learning through cognitive restructuring or conflict resolution, in which new ways of understanding the material emerge as a result of contact with new or different perspectives” (p. 55)

Kearsley (2000) declared: “The most important role of the instructor in online classes is to ensure a high degree of interactivity and participation” (p. 78)

After then-Sen. Obama abandoned his pledge to filibuster legislation that would give retroactive immunity to U.S. telecommunications providers that participated in the Bush administration's warrantless wiretapping of Americans, the largest group on his campaign organizing site, MyBarackObama.com, revolted and began castigating him on the site's comment boards. "Everyone was walking around the building saying, 'Holy cow. What's going on? This isn't what we want to talk about,' " Phillips said. "But it got to a point where we said, 'Let's just tell them where we stand.' " The campaign ended up putting then-campaign adviser and now deputy National Security Adviser Denis McDonough in the middle of the Web chats to explain Obama's position and respond to criticism.

ieved that students thrive in an environment where they are allowed to experience and interact with the curriculum, and all students should have the opportunity to take part in their own learning.

life means to give him command of himself; it means so to train him that he will have the full and ready use of all his capacities” (1897, p. 6).[23] In addition to helping students realize their full potential, Dewey goes on to acknowledge that education and schooling are instrumental in creating social change and reform

According to Dewey, the teacher should not be one to stand at the front of the room doling out bits of information to be absorbed by passive students. Instead, the teacher’s role should be that of facilitator and guide.

The teacher is not in the school to impose certain ideas or to form certain habits in the child, but is there as a member of the community to select the influences which shall affect the child and to assist him in properly responding to these influences (p. 9)

When the teacher dominates the learning, students take shallow approaches to learning.

1.  Teachers do learning tasks less. Assign to students some of the tasks of organizing the content, giving examples, summarizing discussions, solving problems, and drawing diagrams, charts, and graphs.            2.  Teachers do less telling; students do more discovering. Give a quiz on your syllabus and policies without going over it first. Let students discover information in assigned readings without presenting it first or summarizing it later.  3.  Teachers do more design work. Design activities and assignments that move students to new skill levels, motivate engagement in the course content by doing the work of practitioners in the discipline, and that develop self-awareness of their learning of the content. 4.   Faculty do more modeling. Demonstrate how a skilled learner (the teacher) continues to learn. Show them drafts of your articles, notes on your own reading in professional journals; talk aloud as you solve a problem, thereby revealing  and modeling your thinking process. 5.  Faculty do more to get students learning from and with each other. Create work for small groups to do in class. 6.  Faculty work to create climates for learning. Create a climate that promotes interaction, autonomy, and responsibility (more in chapter five). 7.  Faculty do more with feedback. In addition to assigning grades, use other means of providing frequent feedback (more in chapter six).

focuses on student responsibility for learning and how to promote it.

transforming passive students into autonomous learners

The more structured we make the environment, the more structure students need

The more motivation we provide, the less they find within themselves. The more responsibility for learning we try to assume, the less they accept on their own. The more control we exert, the more restive their response. We end up with students who have little commitment to and almost no respect for learning and who cannot function without structure and imposed control. (p. 98)

The more we decide for students, the more they expect us to decide.

eimer explains several strategies for creating a climate that produces self-regulated intrinsically motivated learners: 

The instructor should “make the content relevant, demonstrate its power to answer questions, and otherwise show its apparent intrigue.” Make the student responsible for learning decisions by relying on logical consequences of action and inaction, rather than punishment. For example, to deal with lateness, present important material or assignments early in the period that you do not repeat, rather than deduct attendance points for lateness. Do not summarize chapters if students have not read them. If they arrive unprepared, put the unread material on a test; give frequent tests. Be consistent in administering policies. If your syllabus says late homework is not accepted, never accept late homework despite the heart-wrenching excuse offered by the student. Involve students in a discussion of creating a climate that promotes learning. Have this discussion early in the semester. Weimer’s suggestion for starting the discussion is to have students complete sentence stems such as “In the best class I ever had, teachers . . .” “In the best class I ever had, students . . .” “I learn best when . . .” “I feel most confident as a learner when . . .” (p. 108) Obtain feedback on the classroom climate occasionally and revisit the discussion of policies and procedures. Employ practices that “encourage students to encounter themselves as learners” (p. 111). Explain the purposes and benefits of assignments and projects; tell students what problems they might run into in doing the assignments and suggest remedies. Help them with time management. With group projects, provide guidance in managing the project, handling group dynamics, and assigning individual responsibilities.

helps us deal with the fact that almost all students will resist their teacher’s learning-centered approaches. Most of the learner-centered strategies recommended in this book change what students have become accustomed to. Understanding the reasons will help teachers deal with the inevitable student resistance when they present learner-centered practices and policies that withdraw the support students have become dependent upon during their first twelve years of schooling. The good news is that most students see the benefits of learner-centered approaches and benefit from them.

, why do students resist it? Based on her research, Weimer lists four reasons: Learner-centered approaches are more work. When the teacher does not summarize the important points in the chapter, the students will have to read it for themselves. When the teacher asks small groups to produce five applications of a concept, rather than supply it in a handout, the students have to do more work. Learner-centered approaches are more threatening. Students who lack confidence in themselves as learners become filled with anxiety at the prospect of becoming responsible for decisions that might be wrong. Students who are not used to questions with no single, authority-approved right answer are fearful of being wrong. Learner-centered approaches involve losses. The strategies recommended in this book are designed to move students to higher stages of self-directedness and higher stages of intellectual development. Moving from one stage to another requires a loss of certainty and the comfort that certainty brings. Learner-centered approaches may be beyond students. Some students’ lack of self-confidence or intellectual immaturity may prevent their accepting responsibility for their own learning.

overcome student resistance to learner-centered approache

The communication is frequent and explicit The communication encourages and positively reinforces The communication solicits feedback from students The communication resists their resistance.

developmental approach to transforming passive dependent learners into self-confident autonomous learners. Learners become self-directed in stages, not in one sin

moment of transformatio