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garzat5774

How birds fly | Sciencelearn Hub - 0 views

sciencelearn.org.nz/...How-birds-fly

birds

shared by garzat5774 on 03 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Birds have many physical features, besides wings, that work together to enable them to fly. They need lightweight, streamlined, rigid structures for flight. The four forces of flight – weight, lift, drag and thrust – affect the flight of birds.
  • Flying birds have: lightweight, smooth feathers – this reduces the forces of weight and drag a beak, instead of heavy, bony jaws and teeth – this reduces the force of weight an enlarged breastbone called a sternum for flight muscle attachment – this helps with the force of thrust light bones – a bird’s bones are basically hollow with air sacs and thin, tiny cross pieces to make bones stronger – this reduces the force of weight a rigid skeleton to provide firm attachments for powerful flight muscles – this helps with the force of thrust a streamlined body – this helps reduce the force of drag wings – these enable the force of lift.
  • WingsThe shape of a bird’s wing is important for producing lift. The increased speed over a curved, larger wing area creates a longer path of air. This means the air is moving more quickly over the top surface of the wing, reducing air pressure on the top of the wing and creating lift. Also, the angle of the wing (tilted) deflects air downwards, causing a reaction force in the opposite direction and creating lift.Larger wings produce greater lift than smaller wings. So smaller-winged birds (and planes) need to fly faster to maintain the same lift as those with larger wings.Wing loading tells you how fast a bird or plane must fly to be able to maintain lift: wing loading = weight/wing area (kilograms per square metre).A smaller wing loading number means the bird/plane can fly more slowly while still maintaining lift and is more manoeuvrable.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • GlidingWhen a bird is gliding, it doesn’t have to do any work. The wings are held out to the side of the body and do not flap. As the wings move through the air, they are held at a slight angle, which deflects the air downwards and causes a reaction in the opposite direction, which is lift. But there is also drag (air resistance) on the bird’s body, so every now and then, the bird has to tilt forward and go into a slight dive so that it can maintain forward speed.
  • SoaringSoaring flight is a special kind of glide in which the bird flies in a rising air current (called a thermal). Because the air is rising, the bird can maintain its height relative to the ground. The albatross uses this type of soaring to support its multi-year voyages at sea.
  • FlappingBirds’ wings flap with an up-and-down motion. This propels them forward. The entire wingspan has to be at the right angle of attack, which means the wings have to twist (and do so automatically) with each downward stroke to keep aligned with the direction of travel.
  • Birds obtain thrust by using their strong muscles and flapping their wings. Some birds may use gravity (for example, jumping from a tree) to give them forward thrust for flight. Others may use a running take-off from the ground.
  • Different birds have different adaptive features to meet their flight needs: Some birds are small and can manipulate their wings and tail to manoeuvre easily, such as the fantail (pīwakawaka). The hawk, with its large wingspan, is capable of speed and soaring. Gannets and seabirds are streamlined to dive at high speeds into the ocean for fish. Godwits, although small, are equipped to fly long distances.
    • garzat5774
      garzat5774 on 03 Dec 14
       
      birds have some chacteristics that help them fly, birds are light weighted they have light feathers insted of heavy ones that add more weight to their bodys, they also have a beak insted of jaws that also add weight to their boddys, thay have hollow bones in their body that means that the bone has nothing inside it
    • garzat5774
      garzat5774 on 03 Dec 14
       
      birds get ready to fly by flapping their wings, some birds use "gravity" to take of some run and they jump just like an airplane and others jump from a tree and then start flapping their winds
Eugenio Ferrara

The Mariners' Museum | EXPLORATION through the AGES - 0 views

ageofex.marinersmuseum.org/index.php

lief exploration

shared by Eugenio Ferrara on 20 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • d. He had brothers, Thorvald and Thorstein, and a half-sister, Freydis. In the year 999 BCE, Ericsson sailed to Norway to visit King Olaf Trygvson. On his way the ship was blown off course and he landed on one of the Hebrides islands. Continuing poor weather made it impossible for him to leave so he spent the summer on the island.
  • . She gave birth to his son and as his departure date drew near, she asked that he take her with him. He refused, citing her family connections. Thorgunna had a reputation for being able to predict the future, and vowed that even though Leif was leaving them, one day she and their son would journey to find him and the experience would not be a good one.
  • , while other sources claim that when the boy was old enough to travel, he found Leif.
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • What is known for certain is that Leif and the boy eventually found each other and the young man was recognized as his son.
  • Nevertheless, Leif left the island and got to Norway by the fall. King Olaf welcomed him to his court and asked if Leif had plans for a voyage to Greenland. The king had recently been converted to Christianity and wanted Leif to proclaim Christianity to the Norse settlers living in Greenland, including his parents. He returned to Greenland, and as the king wished, spread the message of Christianity. Leif’s mother, Thjodhild, quickly adopted the new religion, but his father, Eric, was reluctant to give up his pagan beliefs. Only when Thjodhild refused to live with
  • him as man and wife, did Eric the Red finally convert to Christianity.
  • Leif Eiriksson’s exploration and discovery of America was inspired by the accidental voyage of Bjarni Herjulfson.
  • As a skilled sailor and trader, Herjulfson had devoted himself to going on trading voyages from Iceland every other year
  • In 1002 BCE, Leif Eiriksson decided to explore the unknown lands discovered by Herjulfson while on the quest for his father.
  • Leif bought a ship from Bjarni and gathered a crew of thirty-five men.
  • Eric, his father, was approached about being the expedition leader. A fall from a horse prior to embarking convinced Eric that he would be unlucky on the voyage and that he was too old to set off on another adventure. Leif himself took command and the ship and crew departed.
  • The first country Leif encountered was the last one Herjulfson had seen. It was barren, with glacier-topped mountains and vast stretches of rock-covered ground
  • Initiating the practice of naming the lands he found after their geological and physical traits, he called this area Helluland, or “land of flat rocks.” (Labrador)
  • The second country Leif sailed to was level and wooded, with deep white beaches and a sloping shoreline. He called this place Markland (Newfoundland) or “forest land.” Leaving there, he sailed northeast. He found an island north of the mainland. He and his crew sailed the channel between the island and mainland and steered west. When they found land they went ashore, discovering a small river that flowed to the sea. They returned, took the ship up the river to a lake where they decided to build houses, and stayed through the winter.
  • The area had salmon in the river and lake; the winter was mild and almost frost-free, and the grass did not wither during the cold season.
  • The hours of daylight and nighttime were more equally divided than in either Iceland or Greenland
  • Leif divided his crew in half, determined to explore the area. Half would stay in camp while the other half went as a group to investigate the surroundings. The exploration crew was to go no further than the distance they could travel in order to return to camp by nightfall.
  • to explore the area. Half would stay in camp while the other half went as a group to investigate the surroundings. The exploration crew was to go no further than the distance they could travel in order to return to camp by nightfall.
jaime5789

BBC Nature - Dinosaurs 'shrank' regularly to become birds - 0 views

www.bbc.co.uk/28563682

shared by jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Huge meat-eating, land-living dinosaurs evolved into birds by constantly shrinking for over 50 million years, scientists have revealed.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14
       
      Gigantic dinosaurs evolved into the small birds we know today! Scientists think that dinosaurs evolved into birds, now people also think that dinosaurs used to have feathers! Big meat eating dinosaurs such as the Spinosaurus and T-Rex may have evolved into the modern birds we know today! 
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14
       
      Gigantic dinosaurs evolved into the small birds that we see today! Scientists think that dinosaurs evolved into birds, now people also think that dinosaurs used to have feathers! Big meat eating dinosaurs such as the Spinosaurus and T-Rex may have evolved into the modern birds we know today! 
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14
       
      Gigantic dinosaurs such as the Spinosaurus and T-Rex evolved into the small birds that we see today. Scientists think that dinosaurs evolved into birds, now people also think that dinosaurs used to have feathers! 
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      New Paraphrase: Did you know that dinosaurs, such as the Tyrannosaurus Rex and the fearsome Velociraptor became smaller, and after 50 million years, we now think that... 
  • Previous work has shown that theropod dinosaurs, the dinosaur group which included Tyrannosaurus rex and Velociraptor and gave rise to modern birds, must have decreased in size at some point in their evolution into small, agile flyers.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14
       
      Now, work has shown that two legged dinosaurs including T-Rex and the fearsome Velociraptor gave birth to the birds we see today!
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      The University of Adelaide, wonders a lot about dinosaurs... They found out that dinosaurs such as Spinosaurus and Utahraptor made the birds we know today! 
  • But size changes frequently occurred in dinosaur evolution, so the research team members, led by Mike Lee, from the University of Adelaide, Australia, wanted to find out if the dramatic size reduction associated with the origin of birds was unique. They also wanted to measure the rate of evolution in dinosaurs using a large data set
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14
       
      Research indicates that dinosaurs constantly changed, the University of Adelaide wants to find out what makes the gigantic size changes? They found out that the evolution by dinosaur is unique and amazing! 
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14
       
      The University of Adelaide also wants to measure the the frequency of dinosaur evolution!
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      The U.O.A (University Of Adelaide) wonders, "how can something so big turn into something so small?" this is due to new eras, and the evolution of dinosaurs & birds!
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • They found that the dinosaur group directly related to birds shrank rapidly from about 200 million years ago.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14
       
      Scientists found out that a dinosaur species related to birds shrank in a short time and probably turned into the birds we know today! 
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      Dinosaur species related to birds, shrank in a short period of time! We know believe that they turned into the birds that we're familiar with today! 
  • Theropods shrunk 12 times from 163kg (25st 9lb) to 0.8kg (1.8lb), before becoming modern birds.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      Really big dinosaurs started shrinking and their weight decreased slowly..
  • The researchers found theropods were the only dinosaurs to get continuously smaller.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      Scientists now know that the two-legged dinosaur species were the dinosaurs that frequently got smaller! 
  • From this analysis they produced a detailed family tree mapping out the transformation of theropods to their bird descendants.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      We now predit that the two-legged dinosaurs transformed into birds!
  • It traces evolving adaptations and changing body size over time and across dinosaur branches.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      We now think that dinosaurs adapted into transforming into birds little by little! 
  • The researchers concluded that the evolution of the branch of dinosaurs leading to birds was more innovative than other dinosaur lineages.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 05 Nov 14
       
      We conclude that, dinosaurs probably changed into birds! 
  • this sustained shrinking and accelerated evolution of smaller and smaller body size allowed the ancestors of birds to develop traits which helped them to cope much better than their less evolved dinosaur relatives.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 07 Nov 14
       
      Dinosaurs were getting smaller they developed traits to survive. 
  • The researchers believe that miniaturisation and the development of bird-like traits had a joint influence on the evolution of the dinosaurs into today's birds. Professor Michael Benton, from the University of Bristol's school of earth sciences, said: "This study means we can't see the origin of birds as a sudden or dramatic event, with a dinosaur becoming a powered flyer overnight. "The functions of each special feature of birds changed over time - feathers first for insulation, and later co-opted for flight; early reductions in body size perhaps for other reasons, and later they were small enough for powered flight; improvements in sense of sight and enlargement of brain - even a small improvement in these is advantageous. "So perhaps it's a long-term trend associated with deputation to a new set of habitats, in the trees, to avoid predation, and to exploit new food resources."
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 07 Nov 14
       
      Researchers now think that the shrinking of the dinosaurs was what developed dinosaurs into todays birds! Professor Michael from the University of Bristol says that we can't study the era of birds, just like that...
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 07 Nov 14
       
      This is a long process that didn't just happen like that, you sleep, you wake up and you're a bird, no! Its a very difficult process! 
  • "Birds evolved through a unique phase of sustained miniaturisation in dinosaurs," Mr Lee said.
    • jaime5789
      jaime5789 on 07 Nov 14
       
      Birds evolved due to the dinosaurs becoming smaller!
garza6544

How are rainbows made? - 0 views

faculty.cord.edu/...genamahlen.html

sky Info

shared by garza6544 on 03 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • The birth of each rainbow begins with millions of tiny rain droplets.  The rain droplets serve as a type of reflector of light.  White light enters one individual rain droplet and exits as one specific color of the spectrum.  Without millions of rain droplets, a rainbow would not occur.  If you only had a few rain droplets you would only see a few colors.  This is typically why rainbow appear after a rain storm
  • Each rain droplet has a function in the formation of the rainbow. Sunlight enters the rain droplet at a specific angle and the rain droplet separates the white light into many different colors.  This angle is a fixed measurement between your eye
  • and the sun.  What color is refracted depends upon the critical angle,                   which is the angle the sunlight strikes the back of the rain droplet.  Red light bends the least, exiting the rain droplet at a 42 degree angle, while Violet light bends the most, exiting the rain droplet at a 40 degree angle.  All of the other colors of the rainbow exit the rain droplets at some angle between 40 and 42 degrees, thus making up the colors of the rainbow ROYGBIV, this order never changes.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Each rain droplet reflects all colors at a given point and time, but only one color comes back to your eye, requiring million of rain droplets to create a rainbow.  As the rain droplets fall through the sky, the colors of the spectrum being reflected and refracted are constantly changing.
  • The perfect time and place to look for a rainbow you need bright sunlight to your back and rain clouds off in the distance in the direction of your shadow. If it is later than 4:30 in the afternoon or earlier than 8:30 in the morning at these condition there is a very good chance you will be able to see a rainbow in the sky.  Other places you may see rainbows formed are fountains, in the ocean as the waves crash against the rock which create a mist in the air, waterfalls, sprinklers and mist from a garden hose. Always remember to have the sun at your back to see a rainbow, happy rainbow hunting!!!!!!
  • Rainbows form a complete circle, however only half is visible.  The horizon only  Picture from the web site of the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arizona State University                                                             allows us to see half of the rainbow circle, so we see just an arc.  What causes the rainbow to have a circular formation is the way that rain droplets fall.  The rain droplets do not fall is flat sheet, however they tend to fall at various distances and speeds.  On some occasions you can see a full circle around a garden hose.
    • garza6544
      garza6544 on 03 Dec 14
       
      each rainbow is made by millions of rain droplets. the rain droplets make a reflect of light and it makes different colors. While light comes in a specific Droplet then it makes a specific color. Without milions and milions of rain droplets the rainbow cant be formed. If you only have a few rain droplets then you will only see a few colors. This is the reason why they happen after a rain storm.
  • function
    • garza6544
      garza6544 on 03 Dec 14
       
      Each rain droplet that rains  is always useful to make a rainbow because every rainbow needs to do something different to make a rainbow. The rain droplets separates the light into different colors.
Nany Rocha

Stanford research: The meaningful life is a road worth traveling - 2 views

news.stanford.edu/...ningful-happy-life-010114.html

happiness meaning research

shared by Nany Rocha on 06 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • One can find meaning in life and be unhappy at the same time. Aaker points out that this type of life has received less attention in the media, which has recently focused on how to cultivate the happy life.  Examples of highly meaningful, but not necessarily happy, lives may include nursing, social work or even activism. The unhappy but meaningful life involves difficult undertakings and can be characterized by stress, struggle and challenges. However, while sometimes unhappy in the moment, these people – connected to a larger sense of purpose and value – make positive contributions to society. Happiness without meaning is characterized by a relatively shallow and often self-oriented life, in which things go well, needs and desires are easily satisfied, and difficult or taxing entanglements are avoided, the report noted. And so, the meaningful life guides actions from the past through the present to the future, giving one a sense of direction. It offers ways to value good and bad alike, and gives us justifications for our aspirations. From achieving our goals to regarding ourselves in a positive light, a life of meaningfulness is considerably different than mere happiness. "People have strong inner desires that shape their lives with purpose and focus – qualities that ultimately make for a uniquely human experience," said Aaker.
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 07 Nov 14
       
      Happiness comes from having stuff only if you think about happiness like that. Happiness actually comes from not being stressed and trying to be with your family.
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 07 Nov 14
       
      People think that happiness comes from having phones,toys,etc.but thats the problem,Thanks to other peoples blogs and myths people think that the only way to be happy is from having stuff,and from having the "Happiness stuff" comes being "Buried alive".
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 07 Nov 14
       
      Being happy is not about having stuff,its about being with your family,Happiness is the best thing that can happen to anybody.Happiness is kind of the meaning of life,it gives us a meaning of what to do and when to do it.Happiness gives us a path to life,happiness is when you are with your family,happiness helps us understand that we can do better than what we already do.Happiness as you know doesn't come from having stuff,
    • morales5853
      morales5853 on 07 Nov 14
       
      no
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 07 Nov 14
       
      Happiness is also known as a goal of life.It represents us as who we are. Happiness shows on our face.It makes other people see our pride sometimes other people feel our pride so much that they show their pride,and the happiness influence goes and goes until at some point it stops.nI clearly think that if it wasn't for happiness,pride and making our goals (Not soccer goals) we would still be cavemen and cavewomen because without them we would be terrible we would feel stupid we would feel so dum that not even Benjamin Franklin would've created the light because he probably would've felt stupid. So thats why being happy is important because without happiness we wouldn't have accomplished anything.And look at us now we already went to the moon we made a tv we made a telephone and now we have iphones.it all happened thanks to our 1 and greatest feeling:Happiness.
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 10 Nov 14
       
      Sometimes people feel sad and depressed so they go to the mall and go buy clothes and other items,then they claim to be relaxed and happy but Jennifer Aaker proved that its not true.In fact she proved that there are lots of ways to be happy but only 1 way is the most true hearted : Social work and also being with your family.But you cant be happy by just standing besides your family,you would have to be social with them.
  • A Stanford research project explored the key differences between lives of happiness and meaningfulness. While the two are similar, dramatic differences exist – and one should not underestimate the power of meaningfulness. "The quest for meaning is a key part of what makes us human," the researchers concluded.
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 07 Nov 14
       
      A Stanford research project explored the key differences between lives of happiness and meaningfulness. While the two are similar, dramatic differences exist - and one should not underestimate the power of meaningfulness. "The quest for meaning is a key part of what makes us human," the researchers concluded. BY CLIFTON B. PARKER Social psychologist Jennifer Aaker studies happiness and meaningfulness in life. While lives of meaningfulness and happiness overlap, they are distinctly different, according to Stanford research. But not everybody understands that happiness comes from within not from having or buying stuff. 50% of the world population (Not counting the babies) thinks that the more stuff they got or get the happier they'll be!But of course that we the "smart" population think otherwise. Social psychologist Jennifer Aaker has studied her whole life everything about happiness and she taught us that happiness comes from within happiness comes from smiling everyday from being social with friends or family.Happiness doesn't come from having stuff not at all!! Happiness is the greatest gift of all,happiness isnt just a feeling,happiness is a friendly shadow that follows you everywhere only if you let it.
    • Nany Rocha
      Nany Rocha on 07 Nov 14
       
      The Stanford research project of Jennifer Aaker explains how to get happiness and why it is important.But now I realize that not everybody understands that happiness comes from within not from having or buying stuff. 50% of the world population (Not counting the babies) thinks that the more stuff they got or get the happier they'll be!But of course that we the "smart" population think otherwise. Social psychologist Jennifer Aaker has studied her whole life everything about happiness and she taught us that happiness comes from within happiness comes from smiling everyday from being social with friends or family.Happiness doesn't come from having stuff not at all!! Happiness is the greatest gift of all,happiness isn't just a feeling,happiness is a friendly shadow that follows you everywhere only if you let it.When I say that happiness is a shadow following you only if you let it its because this days happiness is a complete shadow.Not everybody is happy and someday we might never feel happiness ever again,But while I get off topic you should think : "Wow,I should listen to her.I should be grateful for what I already have, instead of getting more stuff." Because the more you think about it the more you understand that happiness is our path to life.that happiness is our friend happiness is our heart that keeps us alive.Thats why we smile thats why we cry thats why we love laugh and live. Without happiness we would be grumpier than the grumpiest cat.We should think more about being grateful than thinking of what to buy to be happy.
  • Nany Rocha on 06 Nov 14
     
    A bit boring but i hope its helpful!
  • morales5853 on 07 Nov 14
     
    A bit boring but i hope its helpful!
CLudio Villarreal

Cysticercosis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Cysticercosis

Brain worm in humans tan tan!

shared by CLudio Villarreal on 31 Oct 14 - Cached
  • Cysticercosis is a tissue infection caused by the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium).[1] People may have little or no symptoms for years, develop approximately one to two centimeter painless solid bumps in the skin and muscles, or have neurological symptoms if the brain is affected.[1][2] After months or years these bumps can become painful and swollen then resolve.[2] When cysts form in the brain it is known as neurocysticercosis.[3] In the developing world this is one of the most common cause of seizures.[2]
  • The disease is usually spread by eating foods or water that contains the tapeworm's eggs.[1] The foods most commonly believed to be the cause are uncooked vegetables.
  • Taeniasis is due to eating cysts in poorly cooked pork.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • Preventing the infection involves: cooking pork well, proper toilets and improved access to clean water.
  • In some cases, cysticerci may be found in the globe, extraocular muscles, and subconjunctiva. Depending on the location, they may cause visual difficulties that fluctuate with eye position, retinal edema, hemorrhage, a decreased vision or even a visual loss.[7][12]
  • Subcutaneous cysts are in the form of firm, mobile nodules, occurring mainly on the trunk and extremities.[13] Subcutaneous
  • Cysticercosis also affects pigs and cows but rarely causes symptoms as most do not live long enough.[1] The disease has occurred in humans throughout history.[5]
  • nodules are sometimes painfu
  • Cysticerci can develop in any voluntary muscle in humans.[7] Invasion of muscle by cysticerci can cause myositis, with fever, eosinophilia, and muscular pseudohypertrophy, which initiate with muscle swelling and later progress to atrophy and fibrosis.[7] In most cases, it is asymptomatic since the cysticerci die and become calcified.
  • The term neurocysticercosis is generally accepted to refer to cysts in the parenchyma of the brain. It presents with seizures and, less commonly, headaches.[8] Cysticerca in brain parenchyma are usually 5–20 mm in diameter. In subarachnoid space and fissures, lesions may be as large as 6 cm in diameter and lobulated.
    • CLudio Villarreal
      CLudio Villarreal on 04 Nov 14
       
      Cysticerosis is a disease in the brain tissue that is caused by the pork tapeworm.Some people have few symptoms and some may have many for various years.People get little bumps on the skin and muscle, or you could have neurological symptoms if the brain is affected by the worm.After the years the bumps become painful and after some time they resolve.A cluster of cells then form in the brain, and that is one of the most common cause of surgeries in the world of today.The desiase is usually spread by vegetables that contain the tapeworms eggs, although it is believed that the most common cause of disease are eating uncooked vegetables.
    • CLudio Villarreal
      CLudio Villarreal on 06 Nov 14
       
      Some of the time, a cluster of cells form in the eye, when the globe gets infected it may suffer visual loss.The bumps often occur in the trunk and the extremities.
    • CLudio Villarreal
      CLudio Villarreal on 07 Nov 14
       
      There is a vaccine for pigs to try and remove Cystisercosis. These vaccines prove to be very effective, these treatments can completely destroy cysticercosis. The cure is developing but can you imagine injecting all the pigs in the world? That would require a lot of money and it would be far grater challenge finding all the pigs in the world.
mijares5812

How can airplanes defy the laws of gravity? - 1 views

answers.yahoo.com/...index

airplanes laws gravity

shared by mijares5812 on 31 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Aircraft do not defy the law of gravity, they produce a sufficient force to overcome gravity, just as you do if you decide to jump in the air.
  • There are four main forces acting on an aircraft, thrust from the engines, drag on the airframe, gravity pulling down and lift generated by the wings.
  • Once the size of the lift is greater than the weight of the plane then gravity will be overcome and the plane will rise. Once cruising altitude is achieved the lift force is balanced with the weight and the aircraft stays at a constant height.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • they don't. they use push (from jets, props, whatever) to make them go fast. then the aerodynamics of the plane helps it float on air (like a sheet of paper dropping). then the flaps on the wings help control if it goes up or down. it would be like taping a balloon to a paper airplane. the plane is what glides through the air and the balloon makes it go.
  • when the airplane moves fast enough, the air rushing below the wing pushes up, generating lift. keep it going fast enough, and the wind would keep it up
    • mijares5812
      mijares5812 on 04 Nov 14
       
      AIRPLANES DONT DEFY THE RULES OF GRAVITY  IT JUST JUMP WITH HIGH SPEED TO THE AIR  AND GLIDE 
    • mijares5812
      mijares5812 on 04 Nov 14
       
      THERE ARE FOUR FORCES ON THE AIRPLANES THE LIFT FROM THE WING THE GRAVITY THAT PULLS IT DOWN THRUST THAT PUSHES IT AT A HIGH SPEED THE THRUST COMES FROM THE ENGINES AND THE DRAG WICH DRAGS THE AIRPLANE
    • mijares5812
      mijares5812 on 04 Nov 14
       
      "THEY DONT THEY PUSH AND GO FAST TO MAKE THEM GO FAST AND THEY JUMP THE AERODYNAMICS HELP IT FLOAT (LIKE A SHEET OF PAPER)" (FROM YAHOO ANSWERS n0that5mart) 1
    • mijares5812
      mijares5812 on 04 Nov 14
       
      When a airplane goes fast enough the air going below the wing lifts the wing up . if it the plane keeps going at that speed the wind would lift it up as it glides
Isabel Herrera

Tongue and Taste - How it works. - 1 views

www.wegottaste.com/tongue-and-taste.html

tongue taste works

shared by Isabel Herrera on 04 Nov 14 - No Cached
  •  The tongue is basically a muscle. This muscle helps the digestive process by doing several things: Move food to the teeth for chewing. Mix saliva into the food. Move food to the back of the mouth for swallowing.
    • Isabel Herrera
      Isabel Herrera on 04 Nov 14
       
      The tongue is a very strong muscle that helps the digestive process by helping the food mix with the saliva, also for the food to go to the back of the mouth for swallowing, and finally it helps the food go to your teeth for you to chew easily. 
  • As mentioned above, the tongue mixes the food with saliva. As the saliva mixes it is also spreading the solutions and chemicals from the food into the grooves between the papillae on the tongue. The taste buds are located on the papillae and the taste receptors respond to the chemicals from the food. When triggered, the receptors send impulses along the nerves in the tongue up to the brain for processing.
    • Isabel Herrera
      Isabel Herrera on 04 Nov 14
       
      The tongue helps the food mix with your saliva, but when it starts mixing it sends food chemicals to the cuts on your papillae. The taste buds are in the papillae and the taste receptors respond to the chemicals of the food. When that happens the brain gets signals of how the food tastes like.
guzman5862

How the Human Eye Works - 0 views

www.livescience.com/3919-human-eye-works.html

human eye works

shared by guzman5862 on 07 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • The cornea is a transparent structure found in the very front of the eye that helps to focus incoming light. Behind the cornea is a colored ring-shaped membrane called the iris. The iris has an adjustable circular opening called the pupil, which can expand or contract depending on the amount of light entering the eye. [The 7 Biggest Mysteries of the Human Body]
    • guzman5862
      guzman5862 on 07 Nov 14
       
      Here is how your eye works. There is a part of your eye named cornea and that is something that you can not see because it is transparent and that is located in the very front of your eye, and it is helpful because it makes stay in the thing your concentrated in. In the back of that there is a shaped important system in the eyes that it is named iris. The iris its very special and decorative but it also has another thing in it it is the pupil, and that its controlled by the light because when there is little light it is little and when there is more light it is more bigger.
  • guzman5862 on 07 Nov 14
     
    The cornea is a transparent structure found in the very front of the eye that helps to focus incoming light. Behind the cornea is a colored ring-shaped membrane called the iris. The iris has an adjustable circular opening called the pupil, which can expand or contract depending on the amount of light entering the eye. [The 7 Biggest Mysteries of the Human Body]
marino5856

Why is a minute divided into 60 seconds, an hour into 60 minutes, yet there are only 24... - 0 views

www.scientificamerican.com/...me-division-days-hours-minutes

60 minute seconds minutes

shared by marino5856 on 05 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Thanks to documented evidence of the Egyptians' use of sundials, most historians credit them with being the first civilization to divide the day into smaller parts. The first sundials were simply stakes placed in the ground that indicated time by the length and direction of the resulting shadow. As early as 1500 B.C., the Egyptians had developed a more advanced sundial.
    • marino5856
      marino5856 on 06 Nov 14
       
      Thanks to the duodecimal system. The  egyptians used the system to make counting more easier. Also the number 12 is typically attributed.
  • A T-shaped bar placed in the ground, this instrument was calibrated to divide the interval between sunrise and sunset into 12 parts. This division reflected Egypt's use of the duodecimal system--the importance of the number 12 is typically attributed either to the fact that it equals the number of lunar cycles in a year or the number of finger joints on each hand (three in each of the four fingers, excluding the thumb), making it possible to count to 12 with the thumb.
  • The next-generation sundial likely formed the first representation of what we now call the hour. Although the hours within a given day were approximately equal, their lengths varied during the year, with summer hours being much longer than winter hours
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  • Egyptian astronomers also first observed a set of 36 stars that divided the circle of the heavens into equal parts. The passage of night could be marked by the appearance of 18 of these stars, three of which were assigned to each of the two twilight periods when the stars were difficult to view. The period of total darkness was marked by the remaining 12 stars, again resulting in 12 divisions of night (another nod to the duodecimal system).
    • marino5856
      marino5856 on 06 Nov 14
       
      Egyptians noticed that there was 36 stars in each part so they divided that into equal parts 12.
guzman5860

What Causes the Sky to Change Colors When the Sun Rises and Sets? | eHow - 0 views

www.ehow.com/nge-colors-sun-rises-sets.html

sky kids

shared by guzman5860 on 31 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • During a sunrise, the sun is lower in the sky, which lengthens the angle at which light reaches the Earth. As a result, the shorter violet, blue and green light never reaches the eye, so only the yellow, orange and red light is visible. Because red has the longest wavelength, the first light of dawn often appears pink or red--depending on the particles in the atmosphere. As the sun moves further up the sky, the reds and yellows fade as the scattered blue light becomes more visible.
    • guzman5860
      guzman5860 on 07 Nov 14
       
      In the sunrise the sky is lower into the sky and the colors that are seen are only red orange and yellow because they have the longest wavelength and the ones with the shorter wavelengths don't reach your eyes until the sun moves up. And when the sky comes up the blue light comes more visible. Usually the first colors that are shown are red or pink depending on the particles of the atmosphere.
lobo5879

Five Stages Of Sleep ... Sleep Cycles Explained - 2 views

www.better-sleep-better-life.com/five-stages-of-sleep.html

stages sleep

shared by lobo5879 on 03 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Stage 1This is the lightest stage of sleep, the transition phase, where you feel yourself drifting off. If you were to forget about the alarm clock and allow yourself to wake up naturally, Stage 1 sleep would be the last stage before you fully wake up. You don't spend too much time in Stage 1 sleep, typically five to 10 minutes, just enough to allow your body to slow down and your muscles to relax.
    • lobo5879
      lobo5879 on 04 Nov 14
       
      The stage 1 of sleep is when you are starting to relax your muscles and start to sleep. This stages is not very long it is about 5 to ten minutes. This stage is when you wake up more quickly for example if someone touches you you will easily wake up.
  • Stage 2The second stage of sleep is still considered light sleep. Your brain activity starts to slow down, as well as your heart rate and breathing. Your body temperature falls a little and you're beginning to reach a state of total relaxation in preparation for the deeper sleep to come.
  • Stage 3Stage 3 sleep is the start of deep sleep, also known as slow wave sleep. During stage 3, your brain waves are slow "delta waves," although there may still be short bursts of faster of brain activity (also known as beta-waves). If you were to get awakened suddenly during this stage, you would be groggy and confused, and find it difficult to focus at first.
    • lobo5879
      lobo5879 on 04 Nov 14
       
      this stage is when your body is finishing to relax and example is: if someone trys to wake you up you would be confused and do not know what is happening because you were already finishing to completely relax
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  • Stage 4Of the five stages of sleep, this is the one when you experience your deepest sleep of the night. Your brain only shows delta-wave (slow wave) activity, and it's difficult to wake someone up when they're in Stage 4 of sleep.
    • lobo5879
      lobo5879 on 04 Nov 14
       
      this stage i when you are more hardly to be awaken. In this stage is when you start to dream and this stage is when the kids start having nightmares
  • It's during Stage 4 sleep that children are most likely to suffer from bedwetting or sleep terrors. Stages 3 and 4 can last anywhere from 5 - 15 minutes each, but the first deep sleep of the night is more likely to be an hour or so. This is the time when the body does most of it's repair work and regeneration.
  • Stage 5 This is the stage of sleep when you dream. It is also referred to as "active sleep" or REM sleep, which stands for the rapid eye movements that characterize Stage 5. During REM sleep, your blood flow, breathing, and brain activity increases. An EEG would show that your brain is about as active as it is when you're awake.Another aspect of Stage 5 sleep is that the muscles in your arms and legs will go through periods of paralysis. Scientists speculate that this may be nature's way of protecting us from acting out our dreams.The first period of REM sleep of the night usually begins about 90 minutes after you start drifting off, and lasts for about 10 minutes. As the night passes, the periods of REM sleep become longer, with the final episode lasting an hour or so.Babies may spend as much as half of the time they're asleep in the REM phase. For a healthy adult, Stage 5 occurs for about 20 to 25% of the time you are sleeping, and decreases with age.Scientists and researchers are continually learning more about the mechanics and physiological effects of sleep, and what happens during the five stages of sleep.
    • lobo5879
      lobo5879 on 04 Nov 14
       
      This stage is when you are completly relaxed and many babies are many time during this tage and adults are abaut 25% of they sleep
    • lobo5879
      lobo5879 on 06 Nov 14
       
      This stage is more dificult to wake up because you are alrady in deep sleep.
guzman5862

The Healing Properties of Tears: 7 Good Reasons to Cry Your Eyes Out - Beyond Blue - 0 views

www.beliefnet.com/...ays-tears-and-crying-heal.html

cry eyes reasons works facts

shared by guzman5862 on 10 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • 1. Tears help us see. Starting with the most basic function of tears, they enable us to see. Literally. Tears not only lubricate our eyeballs and eyelids, they also prevent dehydration of our various mucous membranes. No lubrication, no eyesight. Writes Bergman: “Without tears, life would be drastically different for humans–in the short run enormously uncomfortable, and in the long run eyesight would be blocked out altogether.”
  • 2. Tears kill bacteria. No need for Clorox wipes. We’ve got tears! Our own antibacterial and antiviral agent working for us, fighting off all the germs we pick up on community computers, shopping carts, public sinks, and all those places the nasty little guys make their homes and procreate. Tears contain lysozyme, a fluid that the germ-a-phobic dreams about in her sleep, because it can kill 90 to 95 percent of all bacteria in just five to 10 minutes! Which translates, I’m guessing, to three months’ worth of colds and stomach viruses.
  • 3. Tears remove toxins. Biochemist William Frey, who has been researching tears for as long as I’ve been searching for sanity, found in one
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  • study that emotional tears–those formed in distress or grief–contained more toxic byproducts than tears of irritation (think onion peeling). Are tears toxic then? No! They actually remove toxins from our body that build up courtesy of stress. They are like a natural therapy or massage session, but they cost a lot less!
  • 4. Crying can elevate mood. Do you know what your manganese level is? No, neither do I. But chances are that you will feel better if it’s lower because overexposure to manganese can cause bad stuff: anxiety, nervousness, irritability, fatigue, aggression, emotional disturbance and the rest of the feelings that live inside my happy head rent-free. The act of crying can lower a person’s manganese level. And just like with the toxins I mentioned in my last point, emotional tears contain 24 percent higher albumin protein concentration–responsible for transporting many small molecules (which has to be a good thing, right?)–than irritation tears.
  • 5. Crying lowers stress. Tears really are like perspiration in that exercising and crying both relieve stress. For real. In his article, Bergman explains that tears remove some of the chemicals built up in the body from stress, like the endorphin leucine-enkaphalin and prolactin, the hormone I overproduce because of my pituitary tumor that affects my mood and stress tolerance. The opposite is true too. Bergman writes, “Suppressing tears increases stress levels, and contributes to diseases aggravated by stress, such as high blood pressure, heart problems, and peptic ulcers.
  • 6. Tears build community. In her “Science Digest” article, writer Ashley Montagu argued that crying not only contributes to good health, but it also builds community. I know what you’re thinking: “Well, yeah, but not the right kind of community. I mean, I might ask the woman bawling her eyes out behind me in church what’s wrong or if I can help her, but I’m certainly not going to invite her to dinner.” I beg to differ. As a prolific crier, especially on video, I always come away astounded by the comments … the resounding support of people I know all that well, and the level of intimacy exchanged among them. Read for yourselves some of the comments on both my self-esteem video and my recent death and dying video and you’ll appreciate my point. Tears help communication and foster community.
  • 7. Tears release feelings. Even if you haven’t just been through something traumatic or are severely depressed, the average Jo goes through his day accumulating conflicts and resentments. Sometimes they gather inside the limbic system of the brain and in certain corners of the heart. Crying is cathartic. It lets the devils out. Before they wreak all kind of havoc with the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Writes John Bradshaw in his bestseller “Home Coming”: “All these feelings need to be felt. We need to stomp and storm; to sob and cry; to perspire and tremble.” Amen, Brother Bradford!
morales5853

Why is the ocean salty, but rivers flowing into it are not? - 1 views

oceanservice.noaa.gov/...riversnotsalty.html

Ocean Rivers Salty

shared by morales5853 on 03 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • In the beginning, the primeval seas were probably only slightly salty. But over time, as rain fell to the Earth and ran over the land, breaking up rocks and transporting their minerals to the ocean, the ocean has become saltier.
  • Rain replenishes freshwater in rivers and streams, so they don’t taste salty. However, the water in the ocean collects all of the salt and minerals from all of the rivers that flow into i
  • It is estimated that the rivers and streams flowing from the United States alone discharge 225 million tons of dissolved solids and 513 million tons of suspended sediment annually to the ocean. Throughout the world, rivers carry an estimated four billion tons of dissolved salts to the ocean annually.
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  • About the same tonnage of salt from ocean water probably is deposited as sediment on the ocean bottom and thus, yearly gains may offset yearly losses. In other words, the ocean today probably has a balanced salt input and output (and so the ocean is no longer getting saltier).
    • marino5856
      marino5856 on 03 Dec 14
       
      the sea is salty because it brings the earth materials and it becomes salty. The rivers are not salty because when it rains it takes away everything and the earth matirals don't go to the rivers.
Diego Hinojosa

Saturn -- Britannica School - 0 views

school.eb.com/...345008

saturn atmosphere

shared by Diego Hinojosa on 05 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Saturn was named after the ancient Roman god of agriculture. His counterpart in ancient Greek mythology was Cronus, the father of Zeus (the counterpart of the Roman god Jupiter). The planet Jupiter is Saturn’s nearest neighbor and the closest to it in size and composition. Like Jupiter, Saturn is a giant world formed mainly of hydrogen with no solid surface. It has a massive atmosphere, or surrounding layer of gases, with complex weather patterns. ESA/NASA/JPL/University of ArizonaESA/NASA/JPL/University of Arizona The planet’s extensive system of icy moons includes nine major moons and dozens of small ones. Some of the moons help create the rings and maintain their shape. Titan, the largest of Saturn’s moons, is bigger than the planet Mercury. It is the only moon in the solar system known to have a dense atmosphere.
    • Diego Hinojosa
      Diego Hinojosa on 05 Nov 14
       
      Saturn is the planet that has a lot of similarities to jupiter it dosen't have a solid surface. I't, with jupiter are the only planet with no solid surface it has a very harsh atmosphere.
    • Diego Hinojosa
      Diego Hinojosa on 06 Nov 14
       
      Saturn has a lot of similarities with Jupiter.They both don't have a solid surface they are both made of no more than oxygen etc. It has a massive and harsh atmosphere and it is the biggest planet with jupiter. Saturn has rings inside of the rings it has a mixture of things like sand and other materials.
Diego Hinojosa

Solar System - Facts and Information about the Planets and Solar System - 0 views

www.space.com/s-formation-and-discovery.html

astronomy solar system

shared by Diego Hinojosa on 07 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • At the heart of the solar system is our sun. The four planets nearest it are rocky, terrestrial worlds — Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. After that are four gas giants — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter lies the asteroid belt, which includes the dwarf planet Ceres. Beyond the orbit of Neptune one finds the disk-shaped Kuiper belt, in which dwarf planet Pluto resides, and far beyond that is the giant, spherical Oort Cloud and the teardrop-shaped heliopause. See the structure of the solar system (infographic).
    • Diego Hinojosa
      Diego Hinojosa on 07 Nov 14
       
      On the solar system there are 8 planets Earth, Venus,Mercury,Neptune,Saturn, Uranus,Jupiter and also Mars.There are the "terrestrial planets" who are Earth,Mars,Venus and Mercury. There are the bigger planets who are called "gas giants" witch are Jupiter, Saturn,Uranus and Neptune.
marino5856

Why are there 24 hours in a day? › Ask an Expert (ABC Science) - 0 views

www.abc.net.au/...3364432.htm

day hours

shared by marino5856 on 31 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • "The origin of our time system of 24 hours in a day with each hour subdivided into 60 minutes and then 60 seconds is complex and interesting," says Dr Nick Lomb, consultant curator of astronomy, from the Sydney Observatory.
  • Our 24-hour day comes from the ancient Egyptians who divided day-time into 10 hours they measured with devices such as shadow clocks, and added a twilight hour at the beginning and another one at the end of the day-time, says Lomb.
  • "Night-time was divided in 12 hours, based on the observations of stars. The Egyptians had a system of 36 star groups called 'decans' — chosen so that on any night one decan rose 40 minutes after the previous one.
    • marino5856
      marino5856 on 04 Nov 14
       
      The 24 hours has been invented by the egyptians. They first divided it into 10 hours but then they divided it in 12 because of the twilight. So night time was divide in 12 hours because they wanted to see the stars in the night and also that there would be light in the day.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • The subdivision of hours and minutes into 60 comes from the ancient Babylonians who had a predilection for using numbers to the base 60. For example, III II (using slightly different strokes) meant three times 60 plus two or 182.
  • "We have retained from the Babylonians not only hours and minutes divided into 60, but also their division of a circle into 360 parts or degrees," says Lomb.
  • While each country has (in broad terms) historically had distinct measurements for distance, weights etc the method of splitting the day into 24 hours, one hour into 60 mins and one minute into 60 seconds seems to be the only one in use, and indeed to me the only one I know of. This non-metric measurement of time is far from ideal, but what other comparably accurate methods have been used historically?
garzat5774

BrainPOP | Hair - 1 views

www.brainpop.com/...hair

brainpop hair

shared by garzat5774 on 05 Nov 14 - No Cached
    • garzat5774
      garzat5774 on 05 Nov 14
       
      All mammals have hair in there body because they need to keep themselves warm when it's cold, we are warm blooded as the rest of the mammals. all mammels have hair exept the water mammels like whales and dolphins but they keep warm there bodies by eatins a lot of amilals and get layers of fat that will keep them warm, but etherway they have at least a little bit of hair one point during there lives. 
    • garzat5774
      garzat5774 on 05 Nov 14
       
      Hummans have hair in almost every part of our body, some places that don't include our lips, the palms of your hand and the souls of your feet. But our hair is different in each part of your body. One type of hair is the lauguno hair, wish is the hair babies are covered with.Another type of hair is the vellus hair wish is the hair moat of your body is covered with, those hair is the one in your legs and arms and mesures less than 1 inch,And the 3rd type is the terminal hair wish is longer than an inch and grows in the top of your head and other places.
    • garzat5774
      garzat5774 on 05 Nov 14
       
      how doe your hair grow? first before you are born tiny foccils are formed inside your skin, foccils are like roots but for hair. you have a ton of focills you have 100,000 yust in your head alone. AT the bottom of each foccils you have thousands of cells with are dividing each second , as they divide and are craetedb the old ones are pushed out and out of you head this makes hair
  • ...1 more annotation...
    • garzat5774
      garzat5774 on 05 Nov 14
       
      each hair has 2 or 3 diffrent types of layers the outermost layer is called the cuticle wich protects the rest of the hair. the middle hair is called the cortex, and the center of the hair is caled meddul, you only have medulla in your terminal hair and if you are a natural blande you dont have any meddula at all.
mijares5812

Dynamics of Flight - 0 views

www.grc.nasa.gov/...dynamicsofflight.html

dynamics flight

shared by mijares5812 on 31 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Airplane wings are shaped to make air move faster over the top of the wing. When air moves faster, the pressure of the air decreases. So the pressure on the top of the wing is less than the pressure on the bottom of the wing. The difference in pressure creates a force on the wing that lifts the wing up into the air.
    • mijares5812
      mijares5812 on 05 Nov 14
       
      the high pressure air bellow the wing pushes the plane up into the sky while the pressure in the top of the Airfoil is low which allows the high pressure to lift the plane up
Esteban Cantu

This House believes wild animals should not be kept in captivity | idebate.org - 0 views

www.nl.idebate.org/...s-should-not-be-kept-captivity

shared by Esteban Cantu on 03 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Zoos are premises for the captivity of animals, often in urban areas where many of the animals would not otherwise be found, with the intention of studying the animals and displaying them to the public at large. The predecessor of the zoo was the menagerie, which involved the captivity of birds typically for the entertainment of the aristocracy, and has a long history running back to ancient times. The first modern zoo evolved out of an aristocratic menagerie in Vienna in 1765. Many types of zoo now exist, from the petting zoos that encourage the public to get up and close with the animals to the large nature reserves that provide space for the animals to roam around within and most famously the large, urban zoos like the London Zoo which include elephants, lions and penguins and are usually notable tourist drawcards for the cities concerned. Proponents argue that zoos are beneficial both to the animals themselves, protecting endangered species with specific breeding programs, and the public, as an educational tool to increase both awareness and understanding. Opponents respond that the removal of wild animals from their habitat is wrong, that they should be left in their natural surroundings and not used as tools for public entertainment. Show less
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