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Ari Kewalramani

Gendercide Watch: Female Infanticide - 0 views

www.gendercide.org/case_infanticide.html

Case Study Female Infanticide India

shared by Ari Kewalramani on 15 Nov 10 - Cached
  • female infanticide reflects the low status accorded to women in most parts of the world
  • murdering girls is still sometimes believed to be a wiser course than raising them
  • that "Sons are called upon to provide the income; they are the ones who do most of the work in the fields.
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • igh value given to males decreases the value given to females."
  • dowry and wedding
  • to more than a million rupees
  • average civil servant earns about 100,000 rupees
  • In many cases, of course, the women are not independent agents but merely victims of a dominant family ideology based on preference for male children."
  • 3,500 abortions of female fetuses annually
  • Rajasthan,
  • UNICEF
  • Bombay in 1984 on abortions after prenatal sex determination stated that 7,999 out of 8,000 of the aborted fetuses were females.
  • Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh [states], it is usual for girls and women to eat less than men and boys and to have their meal after the men and boys had finished eating.
  • it is usually boys who have preference in health care
  • clothing
  • morbidity.
  • Indian state governments have sometimes taken measures to diminish the slaughter of infant girls and abortions of female fetuses.
  • f one parent undergoes sterilization, the government will give the family [U.S.] \\$160 in aid per child.
  • tate with one or two daughters and no sons
  • The money will be paid in instalments as the girl goes through school. She will also get a small gold ring and on her 20th birthday, a lump sum of $650 to serve as her dowry or defray the expenses of higher education. Four thousand families enrolled in the first year," with 6,000 to 8,000 expected to join annually (as of 1994
  • suffer
Ari Kewalramani

Abortion, Infanticide Foeticide India - 1 views

www.indianchild.com/nfanticide_foeticide_india.htm

Abortion India Son Preference

shared by Ari Kewalramani on 11 Nov 10 - Cached
  • According to a recent report
    • Ari Kewalramani
      Ari Kewalramani on 15 Nov 10
       
      50 million females have been omitted from the population in India because of discrimination against women.
  • (UNICEF)
  • up to 50 million girls and women are missing from India' s population as a result of systematic gender discrimination in India.
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • most countries
  • 105 female births for every 100 males.
  • less than 93 women for every 100 men
  • Much of the discrimination is to do with cultural beliefs and social norms
  • norms
  • be challenged if this practice is to stop.
  • ultrasound scanners
  • advertise
  • spend 600 rupees now and save 50,000 rupees later.
  • avoiding a girl,
  • ing a large dowry on the marriage of her daughte
  • a family will avoid pay
  • According to UNICEF
  • the problem is getting worse
  • scientific methods of detecting the sex of a baby and of performing abortions are improving.
  • increasing available in rural areas of India
  • fuelling fears
  • abortion of female foetuses is on the increase
Puja DeGamia

Eating Disorders: Body Image and Advertising - HealthyPlace - 0 views

www.healthyplace.com/...menu-id-58

shared by Puja DeGamia on 15 Nov 10 - Cached
  • Advertisers often emphasize
  • he importance of physical attractiveness in an attempt to sell products
  • In recent survey by Teen People magazine, 27% of the girls felt that the media pressures them to have a perfect body
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • Researchers suggest advertising media may adversely impact women's body image,
  • ads made women fear being unattractive
    • Puja DeGamia
      Puja DeGamia on 15 Nov 10
       
      this can lead to unhealthy behavior as girls strive for the ultra-thin body idealized by the media
  • he average woman sees 400 to 600 advertisements per day
  • and by the time she is 17 years old, she has received over 250,000 commercial messages through the media.
    • Puja DeGamia
      Puja DeGamia on 15 Nov 10
       
      Shows the average amount of media exposure girls have targeted towards them
  • This constant exposure to female-oriented advertisements may influence girls to become self-conscious about their bodies and to obsess over their physical appearance as a measure of their worth
  • but many more implicitly emphasize the importance of beauty--particularly those that target women and girls.
  • Only 9% of commercials have a direct statement about beauty,
  • ty, and the bodies idealized in the media are frequently atypical of normal, healthy women. In fact,
    • Puja DeGamia
      Puja DeGamia on 15 Nov 10
       
      The media is not only being exposed to girls who are well into their teens but young girls aged 10 or younger.  - media impact has started spreading through age groups making little girls conscious about their weight as well.
  • today's fashion models weigh 23% less than the average female
    • Puja DeGamia
      Puja DeGamia on 15 Nov 10
       
      a young woman between the ages of 18-34 has a 7% chance of being as slim as a catwalk model
  • Women frequently compare their bodies to those they see around them, and researchers have found that exposure to idealized body images lowers women's satisfaction with their own attractiveness.
  • girls reported in a
  • Body Image Survey that "very thin" models made them
  • feel insecure about themselves.
  • Dissatisfaction with their bodies causes many women and girls to strive for the thin ideal. The number one wish for girls ages 11 to 17 is to be thinner
  • Eighty percent (80%) of 10-year-old girls have dieted,
  • Advertisements emphasize thinness as a standard for female beau
  • One study found that 47% of the girls were influenced by magazine pictures to want to lose weight, but only 29% were actually overweight
  • Research has also found that stringent dieting to achieve an ideal figure can play a key role in triggering eating disorders.
  • Girls who were already dissatisfied with their bodies showed more dieting, anxiety, and bulimic symptoms after prolonged exposure to fashion and advertising images
  • in a teen girl magazine.
Adya Saigal

Media and Girls - 0 views

www.media-awareness.ca/...women_girls.cfm

Image fashion industry girls

shared by Adya Saigal on 11 Nov 10 - Cached
  • North American girl will watch 5,000 hours of television, including 80,000 ads, before she starts kindergarten.
  • there is a long way to go, both in the quantity of media representations of woman and in their quality.
  • female characters make up only 32 per cent of the main characters on TV,
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • However,almost 70 per cent of the editorial content in teen mags focuses on beauty and fashion, and only 12 per cent talks about school or careers.
  • difficult for girls to negotiate the transition to adulthood.
  • he numbers for girls drop steadily from 72 per cent in Grade Six students to only 55 per cent in Grade Ten.
  • because of the widening gap between girls' self-images and society's messages about what girls should be like.
  • girls are surrounded by images of female beauty that are unrealistic and unattainable.
Ari Kewalramani

BBC NEWS | South Asia | India sex selection doctor jailed - 0 views

news.bbc.co.uk/...4855682.stm

India Sex Selection Doctor Jailed

shared by Ari Kewalramani on 15 Nov 10 - Cached
  • Audio and video evidence showed the doctor telling one woman that tests had revealed that she was carrying a "female foetus and it would be taken care of".
  • But convictions are rare due to lax and corrupt officials and the slow judicial system.
  • Earlier this year researchers in India and Canada said in the Lancet journal that prenatal selection and selective abortion was causing the loss of 500,000 girl births a year.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Indian doctors, however, disputed the report saying pre-birth gender checks had waned since a Supreme Court crackdown in 2001.
  • Experts in India say female foeticide is mostly linked to socio-economic factors.
Ari Kewalramani

BBC NEWS | South Asia | India 'loses 10m female births' - 0 views

news.bbc.co.uk/...4592890.stm

India loses 10 m female births

shared by Ari Kewalramani on 15 Nov 10 - Cached
  • prenatal selection and selective abortion was causing the loss of 500,000 girls a year.
  • 1998.
  • among educated women but did not vary according to religion.
  • ...20 more annotations...
  • more common
  • 1,000 male babies born in India, there were just 933 girls.
  • year 2001
  • They found that there was an increasing tendency to select boys when previous children had been girls
  • preceding child was a girl,
  • ratio of
  • girls to boy
  • 759 to 1,000.
  • fell even further when the two preceding children were both girls.
  • third child born
  • 719 girls to 1,000 boys.
  • for a child following the birth of a male child, the gender ratio was roughly equal.
  • suggested half a million girls were being lost each year.
  • an extra pair of hands on the farm.
  • inferior and a liability - a bride's dowry can cripple a poor family financially.
  • girl child
  • where boys
  • Ultrasound machines must be officially registered but many are now so light and portable, they are hard to monitor.
  • doctors
  • must not tell couples the sex of a foetus, in practice, some just use coded signals instead, our correspondent says.
Ari Kewalramani

Missing women of Asia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Missing_women_of_Asia

Missing Women Asia

shared by Ari Kewalramani on 15 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • in the form of selective abortion and perhaps even infanticide and female infant neglect - that is the cause of the skewed gender ratio.[6]
  • If the first child was male, then the sex of the subsequent children tended to follow the regular, biologically determined sex pattern
  • However, if the first child was female, the subsequent children had a much higher probability of being male, indicating that conscious parental choice was involved in determining the sex of the child.
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • preference for boys and the resulting shortage of girls was even more pronounced in the more highly developed Haryana and Punjab regions of India than in poorer areas,
  • high prevalence of this prejudice among the more educated and affluent women (mothers) there.
  • Only recently and in some countries (particularly South Korea) have the development and educational campaigns begun to turn the tide, resulting in more normal gender ratios.[9]
  • Punjab
  • 1980s, girls were not receiving inferior treatment if a girl was born as a first child in a given family, when the parents still had high hopes for obtaining a son later. Subsequent births of girls were however unwelcome, because each such birth diminished a chance of the family having a son.
  • educated women would have fewer offspring, and therefore were under more acute pressure to produce a son as early as possible
  • affluent families opt for an abortion
  • r if a girl is born
  • decrease her chance of survival
  • One reason for parents, even mothers, to avoid daughters
  • As parents grow
  • expect much more help and support from their independent sons, than from daughters, who after getting married become in a sense property of their husbands' families
  • Women are also often practically unable to inherit real estate, so a mother-widow will lose her family's (in reality her late husband's) plot of land and become indigent if she had had only daughters.
  • Poor rural families have meager resources to distribute among their children, which reduces the opportunity to discriminate against girls.[9]
  • South Korea has led to a sweeping change in social attitudes and reduced the preference for sons
  • rapid economic development, combined with policies that seek to promote gender equality
  • sex ratio transition
Adya Saigal

Australia Introduces Body-Image Standards for Fashion Industry: Glossed Over - 0 views

www.glossedover.com/...ards-for-fashion-industry.html

australia fashion industry

shared by Adya Saigal on 15 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Recommendations include disclosing and avoiding the digital enhancement of images; banning ultra-thin female models or overly muscular male ones, in addition to models under the age of 16 to advertise adult clothes; employing a greater diversity of ethnicities and model body sizes; eschewing editorial and advertising content that promotes negative body image through rapid weight loss and cosmetic surgery, and, for retailers, carrying a wider variety of clothing sizes that better reflects the demands of the community.
  • “ultra-thin female models or overly muscular male ones”
  • it should be that there is beauty in all sizes of bodies.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • “Fashion is for, generally speaking, women who are in good physical shape, who choose to take care of themselves.”
  • So larger sizes don’t sell as well as smaller sizes…but she doesn’t stock as much larger-sized merchandise.
Simran Fabiani

Anorexia: A Media-Borne Illness - BusinessWeek - 0 views

www.businessweek.com/...xia_a_media-borne_illness.html

anorexia media borne ilness

shared by Simran Fabiani on 18 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • he top shows watched by female college students: Gossip Girl, Project Runway, and America’s Next Top Model. Likewise for magazines: Vogue, Seventeen, and Allure.
  • The media I’ve listed contribute to shaping what society considers beauty. The common denominators are tall, desperately skinny women who look fabulous. It should come as no surprise the media is to blame for today’s artificial standard of beauty.
  • The constant bombardment of skinny models and diet plans will certainly have an effect on women whose bodies are just not meant to be that small.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Low self-esteem and eating disorders are the side effects from the media’s portrayal of artificial beauty
  • as of 2004, 8 million people—7 million of them women—had an eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, etc.).
  • According to the American Psychiatric Assn.’s Diagnostic & Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, people who suffer from anorexia typically have an underlying personality disorder and seek more control over their environment.
  • indicate that discipline and control, rather than thinness, were their true goals
  • 66% of Americans do not even come close to conforming to that supposed ideal. Meanwhile, less than 3% of the U.S. population suffers from an eating disorder
  • We know Barbie is anatomically impossible.
  • magazine covers featuring celebrities have been airbrushed,
  • blaming the media for eating disorders is a lot like laying the blame for underage smoking on TV characters
  • "over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in 20 are above average in size.
  • Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies
  • 80% of these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter."
Ari Kewalramani

EBSCOhost: India Confronts Gender-Selective Abortion - 0 views

web.ebscohost.com/...detail

India Abortion Gender-Selective

shared by Ari Kewalramani on 11 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • he Lancets stated that over the last 20 years there have been 10 million missing female births in India.
Puja DeGamia

Anorexia Nervosa Symptoms, Signs, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment by MedicineNet.com - 0 views

www.medicinenet.com/...article.htm

Anorexia nervosa symptoms

shared by Puja DeGamia on 11 Nov 10 - Cached
  • Anorexia nervosa, commonly referred to simply as anorexia, is one type of eating disorder.
  • A person with anorexia often initially begins dieting to lose weight.
  • The individual continues the endless cycle of restrictive eating, often accompanied by other behaviors such as excessive
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • Approximately 95% of those affected by anorexia are female, but males can develop the disorder as well.
  • anorexia typically begins to manifest itself during early adolescence
  • In the U.S. and other countries with high economic status, it is estimated that about one out of every 100 adolescent girls has the disorder.
  • According to the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), an estimated 0.5%-3.7% of women will suffer from this disorder at some point in their lives.
  • ny experts consider people for whom thinness is especially desirable, or a professional requirement (such as
  • models, dancers, and actors
  • At this time, no definite cause of anorexia nervosa has been determined. However, research within the medical and psychological fields continues to explore possible causes.
Puja DeGamia

anorexia and the media Essay - 0 views

www.directessays.com/...21584.html

Anorexia and the media attention to anoreixia media's impact on teenagers

shared by Puja DeGamia on 11 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Two main eating disorders pertain to thinness they are Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa
  • A National survey revealed that up to seventy five percent of women consider themselves too fat when in reality they are below the ideal weight standards that are established.
  • In America fifty six percent of all women are on diets.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Women of ages eleven years of age to seventeen years old number one wish is to lose weight and keep it off.
  • By the time these girls reach the age of eighteen eighty percent of them have dieted.
  • with young women
  • This is not only a problem
  • The advertisement for this product displays a thin, beautiful model dressed in a short, low-cut dress lounging on a bar stool. They have her long thin legs that take up most of the page with not a trace of cellulite on them. The caption for this advertisement is written across her tiny waist and it reads "Everybody could use a little less fat"
  • Lite Cheese portrays that a women cannot be thin enough an even every women who is thin must worry that their bodies are "too fat".
  • The ideal thin appears in television and magazines especially for women.
  • standard in television is slimmer for female then it is for males.
  • Popular women's magazines contain approximately ten times as many dieting articles
  • These students will gain weight and then diet. This triggers eating disorders
  • Suddenly they are on their own with food, usually for the first time in their lives
Ari Kewalramani

India's 'girl deficit' deepest among educated / The Christian Science Monitor - CSMonit... - 0 views

www.csmonitor.com/...2

India Female Feticide Among Educated

shared by Ari Kewalramani on 16 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • By law, the government can regulate - but not deny - the use of prenatal diagnostic techniques for the purposes of detecting birth defects, but not gender itself.
  • it is rare to see a doctor prosecuted if he does so.
  • "Women who choose this technique may be victims of discrimination themselves
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • and they may not be the decisionmakers.
  • The cost of not paying a larger dowry can be even higher.
  • couples eat flatbread and onions to ensure a boy child.
Ari Kewalramani

Sex-selective abortion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Sex-selective_abortion

Sex Selective Abortion

shared by Ari Kewalramani on 15 Nov 10 - Cached
  • It has been argued that by having a one-child policy, China has increased the rate of abortion of female fetuses, thereby accelerating a demographic decline.
  • Baby Gender Mentor have become available for purchase over the Internet.[15] These tests have been criticized for making it easier to perform a sex-selective abortion earlier in a pregnancy.[16] Concerns have also been raised about their accuracy.
  • Gender bias can broadly impact a society, and it is estimated that by 2020 there could be more than 35 million young "surplus males" in China and 25 million in India
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • In those families where the first two children were girls, the sex ratio of the third child was observed to be 1.51:1 in favor of boys.[
Ben Walters

Video-game sales overtaking music - MSN Money - 0 views

articles.moneycentral.msn.com/...oGameSalesOvertakingMusic.aspx

Economy Games Money Sales Music Growth

shared by Ben Walters on 15 Nov 10 - Cached
  • 6/26/2007
  • video-game sector will remain one of the above-average growth segments of the global entertainment industries through 2011, with global games spending set to exceed music spending this year
  • Key growth engines will include online and wireless games, new-generation consoles and the burgeoning in-game advertising business.
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • 2011, the worldwide gaming market will be worth $48.9 billion at a compound annual growth rate of 9.1%
  • ith gains slowing every year because of the maturation of the current generation of consoles,
  • exceed the 6.4% advance that PwC foresees for the overall entertainment economy during the period.
  • Its data include consumer spending on games, but exclude spending on hardware and accessories.
  • For the U.S. gaming business, PwC projects 6.7% compound annual gains for the five-year period, to $12.5 billion. Asia-Pacific should remain the region with the highest overall spending on gaming during the period and reach $18.8 billion in 2011, PwC forecasts.
  • Despite its leading size, its 10% average annual gains will only be exceeded by the combined region of Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA), which is pegged for a 10.2% compound annual gain and is set to remain at No. 2 in terms of worldwide gaming.
  • In the U.S., online and wireless games should see the biggest gains through 2011
  • online will expand from an estimated $1.1 billion market last year to $2.7 billion in 2011
  • Consumer spending on console and hand-held games will go from $6.5 billion in 2006 to $7.9 billion in 2011
  • However, the U.S. PC games market will continue its decline, with PwC eyeing a contraction from an estimated $969 million in 2006 to $840 million in 2011.
  • growing from an estimated $80 million last year to $950 million in 2011
  • this estimate could prove conservative as "advertisers like to reach the younger males" that many games tend to attract.
  • He also said that the overall gaming audience continues to expand and become somewhat more female and older than in the past thanks to casual games and the arrival as games as an "important part of culture."
Simran Fabiani

Body Image, Media, and Eating Disorders -- Derenne and Beresin 30 (3): 257 -- Acad Psyc... - 0 views

ap.psychiatryonline.org/...257

ideal body type image

shared by Simran Fabiani on 15 Nov 10 - Cached
  • the standard of female beauty often has been unrealistic and difficult to attain.
  • Women are told that they can and should "have it all."
  • Though it is highly unlikely for a rail-thin woman to have natural DD-cup size breasts, toy manufacturers set this expectation by developing and marketing the Barbie doll, whose measurements are physiologically impossible
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • women are faced with similarly unrealistic expectations every time they open a fashion magazine.
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