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Puja DeGamia

Eating Disorders: Body Image and Advertising - HealthyPlace - 0 views

  • Advertisers often emphasize
  • he importance of physical attractiveness in an attempt to sell products
  • In recent survey by Teen People magazine, 27% of the girls felt that the media pressures them to have a perfect body
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • Researchers suggest advertising media may adversely impact women's body image,
  • ads made women fear being unattractive
    • Puja DeGamia
       
      this can lead to unhealthy behavior as girls strive for the ultra-thin body idealized by the media
  • he average woman sees 400 to 600 advertisements per day
  • and by the time she is 17 years old, she has received over 250,000 commercial messages through the media.
    • Puja DeGamia
       
      Shows the average amount of media exposure girls have targeted towards them
  • This constant exposure to female-oriented advertisements may influence girls to become self-conscious about their bodies and to obsess over their physical appearance as a measure of their worth
  • but many more implicitly emphasize the importance of beauty--particularly those that target women and girls.
  • Only 9% of commercials have a direct statement about beauty,
  • ty, and the bodies idealized in the media are frequently atypical of normal, healthy women. In fact,
    • Puja DeGamia
       
      The media is not only being exposed to girls who are well into their teens but young girls aged 10 or younger.  - media impact has started spreading through age groups making little girls conscious about their weight as well.
  • today's fashion models weigh 23% less than the average female
    • Puja DeGamia
       
      a young woman between the ages of 18-34 has a 7% chance of being as slim as a catwalk model
  • Women frequently compare their bodies to those they see around them, and researchers have found that exposure to idealized body images lowers women's satisfaction with their own attractiveness.
  • girls reported in a
  • Body Image Survey that "very thin" models made them
  • feel insecure about themselves.
  • Dissatisfaction with their bodies causes many women and girls to strive for the thin ideal. The number one wish for girls ages 11 to 17 is to be thinner
  • Eighty percent (80%) of 10-year-old girls have dieted,
  • Advertisements emphasize thinness as a standard for female beau
  • One study found that 47% of the girls were influenced by magazine pictures to want to lose weight, but only 29% were actually overweight
  • Research has also found that stringent dieting to achieve an ideal figure can play a key role in triggering eating disorders.
  • Girls who were already dissatisfied with their bodies showed more dieting, anxiety, and bulimic symptoms after prolonged exposure to fashion and advertising images
  • in a teen girl magazine.
Ari Kewalramani

BBC NEWS | South Asia | India 'loses 10m female births' - 0 views

  • prenatal selection and selective abortion was causing the loss of 500,000 girls a year.
  • 1998.
  • among educated women but did not vary according to religion.
  • ...20 more annotations...
  • more common
  • 1,000 male babies born in India, there were just 933 girls.
  • year 2001
  • They found that there was an increasing tendency to select boys when previous children had been girls
  • preceding child was a girl,
  • ratio of
  • girls to boy
  • 759 to 1,000.
  • fell even further when the two preceding children were both girls.
  • third child born
  • 719 girls to 1,000 boys.
  • for a child following the birth of a male child, the gender ratio was roughly equal.
  • suggested half a million girls were being lost each year.
  • an extra pair of hands on the farm.
  • inferior and a liability - a bride's dowry can cripple a poor family financially.
  • girl child
  • where boys
  • Ultrasound machines must be officially registered but many are now so light and portable, they are hard to monitor.
  • doctors
  • must not tell couples the sex of a foetus, in practice, some just use coded signals instead, our correspondent says.
Puja DeGamia

Media, Eating Disorders and Girls: Focusing on Appearance Alone is Not Healthy for Girls - 1 views

  • There is enormous pressure from the media on young girls to be thin.
  • Models can be seen everywhere with their skeleton frames sticking out suggesting this is the body image one should strive for.
  • Eating disorders are so common in models that it seems to get glamorized to young girls.
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  • “15% of young women have some kind of disordered eating patterns.” (Random House, eating disorder
  • The media reinforces this standard by promoting dolls like barbies which no girl or woman could ever seriously look like.
  • he proportions are all wrong and the measurements when converted to full size are freakishly absurd.
  • Girls and teenagers are self conscious enough about their body image without being bombarded with air brushed perfection which sometimes borders on looking cartoon like with their lack of blemishes and freckles.
  • Young girls are starting to diet at younger ages and exposure from the media promoting beauty contests doesn't help this.
  • There has been some progress on the promotion of ultra thin models and in some place they've been banned.
Adya Saigal

Media and Girls - 0 views

  • North American girl will watch 5,000 hours of television, including 80,000 ads, before she starts kindergarten.
  • there is a long way to go, both in the quantity of media representations of woman and in their quality.
  • female characters make up only 32 per cent of the main characters on TV,
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • However,almost 70 per cent of the editorial content in teen mags focuses on beauty and fashion, and only 12 per cent talks about school or careers.
  • difficult for girls to negotiate the transition to adulthood.
  • he numbers for girls drop steadily from 72 per cent in Grade Six students to only 55 per cent in Grade Ten.
  • because of the widening gap between girls' self-images and society's messages about what girls should be like.
  • girls are surrounded by images of female beauty that are unrealistic and unattainable.
Kanika Vaish

EBSCOhost: The Truth About Teen Girls - 0 views

  • essarily support one. Despite a minor increase in 2006, the rate of pregnancies among teen girls has been on a downward trend since 1991. Another indicator, the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, is alarmingly high: nearly 1 in 4 girls ages 14 to 19 and nearly 1 in 2 African-American girls, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. But this is the first year such a study has been completed, and the study doesn't separate 14-to-16-year-olds from 17-to-19-year-olds, so it's still unclear which way that trend is heading.
  • Other studies imply that girls, while not exactly chaste, are not behaving in ways that media reports about the hookup culture might lead us to believe. According to the Guttmacher Institute, one-third of surveyed teenagers 15 to 17 had had oral sex, and most of those were not virgins. Of teens ages 15 to 19 who had had oral sex only, two-thirds reported having had only one partner.
  • They don't want to be like the characters in Gossip Girl (only 16% of whose viewers are actually teen girls) or America's Next Top Model; they just want to look like them, to try on that identity.
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  • "They think, If I have a baby, I'll be someone. It gives them an identity." How can Ireland be so sure? She gave birth to daughter Haley, now 3, when she was 15.
  • Once the idea has taken hold, it's hard to shake off, and the fact that the presidential campaign features a pregnant 17-year-old means that the debate about teenage sexuality is growing only more heated. Girlhood sexiness seems to be everywhere: on TV shows and in movies, in advertising, in teen magazines and all over the Internet.
Ari Kewalramani

Preferring Girls Over Boys - NYTimes.com - 0 views

  • South Korea
  • “38 percent of mothers-to-be wanted a daughter, while 31 percent said they preferred a son
  • fathers
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  • 29 percent a son.”
  • 37 percent wanted a daughter
  • Twenty years ago
  • ould decide on the sex of their child
  • 116.5 baby boys for every 100 girls born.
  • 2008,
  • 106.4 boys for every 100 girls
  • within the international average
  • Maybe
  • parents are now less likely to rely on their children for financial support after retirement
  • less necessary to have a son
  • low national birth rate (the lowest in the world) means that parents who are planning just one child believe a girl will care for them emotionally in their old age.
  • Or perhap
  • “it’s more fun bringing up girls than boys.”
Ari Kewalramani

Missing women of Asia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • in the form of selective abortion and perhaps even infanticide and female infant neglect - that is the cause of the skewed gender ratio.[6]
  • If the first child was male, then the sex of the subsequent children tended to follow the regular, biologically determined sex pattern
  • However, if the first child was female, the subsequent children had a much higher probability of being male, indicating that conscious parental choice was involved in determining the sex of the child.
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  • preference for boys and the resulting shortage of girls was even more pronounced in the more highly developed Haryana and Punjab regions of India than in poorer areas,
  • high prevalence of this prejudice among the more educated and affluent women (mothers) there.
  • Only recently and in some countries (particularly South Korea) have the development and educational campaigns begun to turn the tide, resulting in more normal gender ratios.[9]
  • Punjab
  • 1980s, girls were not receiving inferior treatment if a girl was born as a first child in a given family, when the parents still had high hopes for obtaining a son later. Subsequent births of girls were however unwelcome, because each such birth diminished a chance of the family having a son.
  • educated women would have fewer offspring, and therefore were under more acute pressure to produce a son as early as possible
  • affluent families opt for an abortion
  • r if a girl is born
  • decrease her chance of survival
  • One reason for parents, even mothers, to avoid daughters
  • As parents grow
  • expect much more help and support from their independent sons, than from daughters, who after getting married become in a sense property of their husbands' families
  • Women are also often practically unable to inherit real estate, so a mother-widow will lose her family's (in reality her late husband's) plot of land and become indigent if she had had only daughters.
  • Poor rural families have meager resources to distribute among their children, which reduces the opportunity to discriminate against girls.[9]
  • South Korea has led to a sweeping change in social attitudes and reduced the preference for sons
  • rapid economic development, combined with policies that seek to promote gender equality
  • sex ratio transition
Ari Kewalramani

Gendercide Watch: Female Infanticide - 0 views

  • female infanticide reflects the low status accorded to women in most parts of the world
  • murdering girls is still sometimes believed to be a wiser course than raising them
  • that "Sons are called upon to provide the income; they are the ones who do most of the work in the fields.
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  • igh value given to males decreases the value given to females."
  • dowry and wedding
  • to more than a million rupees
  • average civil servant earns about 100,000 rupees
  • In many cases, of course, the women are not independent agents but merely victims of a dominant family ideology based on preference for male children."
  • 3,500 abortions of female fetuses annually
  • Rajasthan,
  • UNICEF
  • Bombay in 1984 on abortions after prenatal sex determination stated that 7,999 out of 8,000 of the aborted fetuses were females.
  • Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh [states], it is usual for girls and women to eat less than men and boys and to have their meal after the men and boys had finished eating.
  • it is usually boys who have preference in health care
  • clothing
  • morbidity.
  • Indian state governments have sometimes taken measures to diminish the slaughter of infant girls and abortions of female fetuses.
  • f one parent undergoes sterilization, the government will give the family [U.S.] \\$160 in aid per child.
  • tate with one or two daughters and no sons
  • The money will be paid in instalments as the girl goes through school. She will also get a small gold ring and on her 20th birthday, a lump sum of $650 to serve as her dowry or defray the expenses of higher education. Four thousand families enrolled in the first year," with 6,000 to 8,000 expected to join annually (as of 1994
  • suffer
Simran Fabiani

Anorexia Statistics - 0 views

  • 50% of girls between the ages of 13 and 15 believe they are overweight.
  • 80% of 13 year old girls have dieted
  • 40% of 9 year old girls dieted
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  • 40 – 60% of high school girls diet
  • Anorexia is the third most common chronic illness among adolescents.
  • Only about 10% of all anorexics are male.
  • Some believe this has to do with the media in western society, which portrays thin women as beautiful and desirable. 
  • other eating disorders seem to be on the rise in non-western countries, possibly due to more exposure to western media and culture
  • Anorexia statistics show that with treatment, only 60% make a full recovery.
  • he final 20% stay dangerously underweight.
Ari Kewalramani

EBSCOhost: SEX SELECTION AND RESTRICTING ABORTION AND SEX DETERMINATION - 0 views

  • Sex selection
  • India
  • fostered by a limiting social structure that disallows women from performing the roles that men perform, and relegates women to a lower status level.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Individual parents
  • benefit concretely from having a son born into the family
  • society, and girls and women as a group, are harmed by the widespread practice of sex selection.
  • reinforces oppression of women and girls.
  • eliminate sex selective abortion
  • decreases women's autonomy rather than increases it.
  • Such practices will turn underground
  • Sex selective infanticide, and slower death by long term neglect, could increase.
  • If abortion is restricted, the burden is placed on women seeking abortions to show that they have a legally acceptable or legitimate reason for a desired abortion, and this seriously limits women's autonomy.
  • better to address the practice of sex selection by elevating the status of women and empowering women so that giving birth to a girl is a real and positive option
  • But, if a ban on sex selective abortion or a ban on sex determination is indeed instituted, then wider social change promoting women's status in society should be instituted simultaneously.
Puja DeGamia

Debate: Portrayal of women in mass media - Debatepedia - 0 views

  • A big part of media audience consists of teenagers, who are particularly vulnerable
  • This is because the mentality of young people is in the process of formation.
  • The impact of media on the morality of the younger generation can affect the future of our society negatively.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Women are portrayed as perfect models. Although very often "Photoshop-edited",
  • hile stressing the importance of being slim. This leads in consequence to "promotion of anorexia", which is clearly undesirable.
  • Many girls idolize models and feel the need to mirror their thinness.
  • Models of a very low weight are setting bad examples to these girls
  • can be held responsible for the increasing number of girls with eating disorders
  • The fashion industry is not to blame for eating disorders. Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses and are not simply triggered by models and images of thin people.
Puja DeGamia

BBC NEWS | Europe | France targets anorexia in media - 0 views

  • The bill targets pro-anorexia websites
  • The French National Assembly has passed a groundbreaking bill which seeks to criminalise the promotion in the media of extreme thinness.
  • nd publications that encourage girls and young women to starve themselves.
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  • It will affect websites, fashion houses, magazines and advertisers.
  • those found to have encouraged severe weight loss could be fined up to 45,000 euros and face three years in prison.
  • "Encouraging young girls to lie to their doctors, advising them on foods that are easier to regurgitate and inciting them to beat themselves up each time they eat is not freedom of expression," Ms Bachelot told the assembly.
  • It is necessary because we know now that we have a risk to some part of the population, young girls, who are pressed by different types of lobbies and the risk is increasing."
  • he law could also affect the fashion industry and magazine editors who publish photographs of extremely thin models.
  • Page last updated at 21:43 GMT, Tuesday, 15 April 2008 22:43 UK E-mail this to a friend Printable version
  • he BBC's Emma Jane Kirby in Paris says that with 40,000 anorexics in France, many parliamentarians feel the law cannot come soon enough.
Ari Kewalramani

Abortion, Infanticide Foeticide India - 1 views

  • According to a recent report
    • Ari Kewalramani
       
      50 million females have been omitted from the population in India because of discrimination against women.
  • (UNICEF)
  • up to 50 million girls and women are missing from India' s population as a result of systematic gender discrimination in India.
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  • most countries
  • 105 female births for every 100 males.
  • less than 93 women for every 100 men
  • Much of the discrimination is to do with cultural beliefs and social norms
  • norms
  • be challenged if this practice is to stop.
  • ultrasound scanners
  • advertise
  • spend 600 rupees now and save 50,000 rupees later.
  • avoiding a girl,
  • ing a large dowry on the marriage of her daughte
  • a family will avoid pay
  • According to UNICEF
  • the problem is getting worse
  • scientific methods of detecting the sex of a baby and of performing abortions are improving.
  • increasing available in rural areas of India
  • fuelling fears
  • abortion of female foetuses is on the increase
Puja DeGamia

media influence on anorexia - 0 views

  • connection between the increasing thinness of so many celebrities and the alarmingly rapid rise in eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa?
  • much debate still centers around the extent of media influence on anorexia.
  • despite the evidence
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • accept that extreme thinness is anorexia.
  • norexia is the desire to maintain a lower body weight than is normal and healthy.
  • If a little girl sees a variety of thin/anorexic celebrities on TV, in magazines, decides with her friends that they are beautiful, that she'd like to look like them and, in an attempt to do so, she proceeds to lose 20 kilos, she's anorexic!
  • The danger is that the numbers of women who have uncomfortable thoughts about their bodies are far, far higher than those suffering from full blown anorexia
  • once these thoughts have first sprung into existence, all they need is a little nourishment to make them sprout roots...and grow.
  • First into a diet, often into an eating disorder such as anorexia.
  • she just feels inadequate and guilty because she can't bring herself to starve her body to the same extent as the models and celebrities do.
  • it's impossible to find a magazine without at least one spread on some amazing diet and exercise regime, always with the implicit message that we are 'wrong/lazy' if we don't follow it.
  • not only does media influence on anorexia exist, anorexia is deliberately being perpetuated by the media and the mixed messages it portrays
  • he media, especially ads and commercials for appearance-related items, suggest that we can avoid the hard character work by making our bodies into copies of the icons of success.
  • ads reveals a not-so-subtle message ? ‘You are not acceptable the way you are. The only way you can become acceptable is to buy our product and try to look like our model, who is six feet tall and wears size four jeans - and is probably anorexic’
  • In 1995, before television came to their island, the people of Fiji thought the ideal body was round, plump, and soft. After 38 months of Melrose Place, Beverly Hills 90210 and similar Western shows being beamed into their homes, Fijian teenage girls showed serious signs of eating disorders.
  • To underestimate media influence on anorexia is to underestimate the power it has to influence the self esteem of us all.
Kanika Vaish

Shows promoting teen pregnancy patronize viewers | The Nevada Sagebrush - 0 views

  • While MTV tries desperately to portray “Teen Mom” and “16 and Pregnant” as simply day-in-the-life type shows, like glorified episodes of “True Life,” it is evident that these shows are every bit as preachy as “The Secret Life of the American Teenager,” an ABC Family show that is just raging with pro-life messages and Christian value undertones.
  • While MTV’s tactic is meant to be a subliminal public service announcement, having the teen moms repeatedly talk about their inability to practice safe sex (with most girls blaming their boyfriends for not wanting to use condoms) and crying about how they just want to party like regular teens just makes the girls look like buffoons and exposes them for the naïve children they really are.
Puja DeGamia

Anorexia Nervosa Symptoms, Signs, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment by MedicineNet.com - 0 views

  • Anorexia nervosa, commonly referred to simply as anorexia, is one type of eating disorder.
  • A person with anorexia often initially begins dieting to lose weight.
  • The individual continues the endless cycle of restrictive eating, often accompanied by other behaviors such as excessive
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • Approximately 95% of those affected by anorexia are female, but males can develop the disorder as well.
  • anorexia typically begins to manifest itself during early adolescence
  • In the U.S. and other countries with high economic status, it is estimated that about one out of every 100 adolescent girls has the disorder.
  • According to the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), an estimated 0.5%-3.7% of women will suffer from this disorder at some point in their lives.
  • ny experts consider people for whom thinness is especially desirable, or a professional requirement (such as
  • models, dancers, and actors
  • At this time, no definite cause of anorexia nervosa has been determined. However, research within the medical and psychological fields continues to explore possible causes.
Simran Fabiani

Eating Disorders and the Media | Media Influence on Eating Disorders | Anorexia | Bulim... - 0 views

  • Okay, so we all want to hear how Calvin Klein is the culprit and that the emaciated waif look has caused women to tale-spin into the world of Eating Disorders. While the images of child-like women has obviously contributed to an increased obsession to be thin, and we can't deny the media influence on eating disorders, there's a lot more to it than that.
  • Images on T.V. spend countless hours telling us to lose weight, be thin and beautiful, buy more stuff because people will like us and we'll be better people for it. Programming on the tube rarely depicts men and women with "average" body-types or crappy clothes, ingraining in the back of all our minds that this is the type of life we want. O
  • characters are typically portrayed as lazy
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  • while thin women and pumped-up men are the successful, popular, sexy and powerful ones. How can we tell our children that it's what's inside that counts, when the media continuously contradicts this message?
  • Super models in all the popular magazines have continued to get thinner and thinner.
  • Modeling agencies have been reported to actively pursue Anorexic models.
  • he average woman model weighs up to 25% less
  • han the typical woman and maintains a weight at about 15 to 20 percent below what is considered healthy for her age and height.
  • By far, these body types and images are not the norm and unobtainable
  • Diet advertisements are another problem.
  • hese images are fake.
  • the ideal body" combined with the diet industry's drive to make more money, creates a never-ending cycle of ad upon ad that try to convince us
  • Pop-culture's imposed definition of
  • Barbie-type dolls have often been blamed on playing a role in the development of body-image problems and Eating Disorders.
  • Not only do these dolls have fictionally proportioned, small body sizes, but they lean towards escalating the belief that materialistic possessions, beauty and thinness equate happiness.
  • Barbie has more accessories available to purchase than can be believed, including Ken, her attractive boyfriend.
  • personally do NOT believe every girl that has a Barbie-type doll is at risk of disordered eating,
  • We need to remind ourselves and each other constantly (especially children) that
  • With an increased population of children who spend a lot of time in front of television, there are more of them coming up with a superficial sense of who they are.
  • we are continually exposed to the notion that losing weight will make us happier and it will be through "THIS diet plan".
  • if you lose weight, your life will be good."
  • These images may not help, and for those already open to the possibility of negative coping mechanisms and/or mental illness, the media may play a small contributing role -- but ultimately, if a young man or woman's life situation, environment, and/or genetics leave them open to an Eating Disorder (or alcoholism, drug abuse, depression, OCD, etc.), they will still end up in the same place regardless of television or magazines.
  • it helps to perpetuate an ideal of materialism, beauty, and being thin as important elements to happiness in one's life.
Puja DeGamia

anorexia and the media Essay - 0 views

  • Two main eating disorders pertain to thinness they are Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa
  • A National survey revealed that up to seventy five percent of women consider themselves too fat when in reality they are below the ideal weight standards that are established.
  • In America fifty six percent of all women are on diets.
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  • Women of ages eleven years of age to seventeen years old number one wish is to lose weight and keep it off.
  • By the time these girls reach the age of eighteen eighty percent of them have dieted.
  • with young women
  • This is not only a problem
  • The advertisement for this product displays a thin, beautiful model dressed in a short, low-cut dress lounging on a bar stool. They have her long thin legs that take up most of the page with not a trace of cellulite on them. The caption for this advertisement is written across her tiny waist and it reads "Everybody could use a little less fat"
  • Lite Cheese portrays that a women cannot be thin enough an even every women who is thin must worry that their bodies are "too fat".
  • The ideal thin appears in television and magazines especially for women.
  • standard in television is slimmer for female then it is for males.
  • Popular women's magazines contain approximately ten times as many dieting articles
  • These students will gain weight and then diet. This triggers eating disorders
  • Suddenly they are on their own with food, usually for the first time in their lives
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