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anonymous

Geek to Live: Take study-worthy lecture notes - 1 views

lifehacker.com/...ake-study+worthy-lecture-notes

shared by anonymous on 29 Sep 13 - Cached
  • Copying class notes after the fact is a time-consuming way to study for an exam, but it was the only thing that truly worked for me back in college.
    • anonymous
      anonymous on 29 Sep 13
       
      This is the most effective way for me too, just reading over the notes and textbook just isn't enough studying to get me well prepared for a test. 
  • anonymous on 29 Sep 13
     
    Copying class notes after the fact is a time-consuming way to study for an exam, but it was the only thing that truly worked for me back in college
Alyssa Lau

Intimate distances: William James' introspection, Buddhist mindfulness, and experientia... - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com.esf.idm.oclc.org/...S0732118X11000699

shared by Alyssa Lau on 07 Oct 13 - No Cached
    • Alyssa Lau
      Alyssa Lau on 07 Oct 13
       
      The idea of Mindfulness has grown in the last 60 years, it is use as an act of "therapy" rather than an act of "religion" Example of Traditional vs western ideals of mindfulness
  • approached as a therapy, to be studied and evaluated using established scientific methods, rather than as a religion
  • ‘Psychology
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • Western Buddhism can be understood as a “culture of awakening,”
  • rather than a religion
  • To “wake up” existentially involves acting upon four “ennobling” tasks,
  • embrace dukkha (suffering, pain or unsatisfactoriness); let go of craving for things
  • nvolves caring for oneself and others.
  • he great risk of the engagement with mindfulness in the West, whether through Buddhist Studies or Psychology, is that it is taken as an object of study, to be written about, rather than as something to do or be.
  • Introspective observation is what we have to rely on first and foremost and always. The word introspection need hardly be defined – it means, of course, the looking into our own minds and reporting what we there discover. Every one agrees that we there discover states of consciousness (p. 185; emphasis in original).
Rebecca Lurie

Can You Build a Better Brain? - Newsweek and The Daily Beast - 0 views

www.thedailybeast.com/...-you-build-a-better-brain.html

brain

shared by Rebecca Lurie on 29 Sep 13 - No Cached
    • Tom McKean
      Tom McKean on 29 Sep 13
       
      Muscular Strength is also a lot less complex than our brain.
  • People who use their gym locker tend to be fitter than those who don’t, but it is not using a gym locker that raises your aerobic capacity.
  • Whether you go neuro-slumming (Googling “brain training”)
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • (searching PubMed, the database of biomedical journals, for “cognitive enhancement”)
  • if scientists understood the mechanisms of intelligence even half as well as they do the mechanisms of, say, muscular strength.
  • but the number of rigorous, well-designed studies that will stand the test of time is much smaller,”
  • Be skeptical
  • depending only on whether attention is being paid.
  • we don’t pay much attention to them
  • cognitively demanding activity
  • To be determined: whether a nicotine patch delivers the benefits without the risks.
  • by simply believing that you’ll do well, which itself releases dopamine.
  • reducing stress and the resulting cortisol, which attacks the myelin sheath that coats neurons and thus impairs signal transmission, allows underlying abilities to reach their full potential.
  • that the more you use a circuit, the stronger it gets.
  • physical exercise
  • meditation
  • evealing the mechanisms of cognition.
  • but the number of rigorous, well-designed studies that will stand the test of time is much smaller,”
  • Greater cognitive capacity comes from having more neurons or synapses, higher levels of neurogenesis (the creation of new neurons, especially in the memory-forming hippocampus),
kurt stavenhagen

Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com.libezproxy2.syr.edu/...S0022399903005737

shared by kurt stavenhagen on 24 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Our findings suggest the usefulness of MBSR as an intervention for a broad range of chronic disorders and problems. In fact, the consistent and relatively strong level of effect sizes across very different types of sample indicates that mindfulness training might enhance general features of coping with distress and disability in everyday life, as well as under more extraordinary conditions of serious disorder or stress.
    • kurt stavenhagen
      kurt stavenhagen on 24 Sep 13
       
      "broad range" is pre-frontal cortex the main center and improvement upon its functioning most responsible?
  • improvements were consistently seen across a spectrum of standardized mental health measures including psychological dimensions of quality of life scales, depression, anxiety, coping style and other affective dimensions of disability. Likewise, similar benefits were also found for health parameters of physical well-being, such as medical symptoms, sensory pain, physical impairment, and functional quality-of-life estimates, although measures of physically oriented measures were less frequently assessed in the studies as a whole.
  • a recent randomized study of depressives in remission found one-year relapse rates of major depressive episodes to be halved when conventional treatment was supplemented by a mindfulness program [3]. Another investigation of mindfulness training among anxiety and mood disorder patients showed pre- to postintervention improvements in mental health outcomes with an effect size of 0.7 [10].
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Mindfulness training may be an intervention with potential for helping many to learn to deal with chronic disease and stress. Nevertheless, we now need to test these claims more thoroughly by using well-defined patient populations, applying more stringent methodological procedures, and assessing objective disease markers in addition to self-reported psychosocial and functional indicators of distress.
Alex S

The Science of Mindfulness | Mindful - 0 views

www.mindful.org/...the-science-of-mindfulness

mindfulness science

shared by Alex S on 03 Oct 13 - No Cached
    • Alex S
      Alex S on 03 Oct 13
       
      seems theres a lot of prectices that incorporate mindfulness
  • Third, MBSR studies reveal that patients feel an internal sense of stability and clarity.
  • Finally, studies of mindfulness-based programs have revealed that medical students experienced improved empathy and physicians had decreased burnout and enhanced attitudes to their patients
Emily Vargas

Cancer, anxiety and mindfulness | Telling Knots - 0 views

tellingknots.wordpress.com/...anxiety-mindfulness

cancer anxiety mindfulness personal

shared by Emily Vargas on 01 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • the anxiety tends to persist and may even become worse
  • I recently wrote about the things I do to (attain and) maintain mental health, and in an earlier post I wrote about my choice to live intentionally, to live an examined life:
  • It only requires pausing in your day, or even in your week or month, to be aware of your interior and exterior worlds.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • What am I doing? Is it what I want to be doing? Is there a change I’d like to see? Can I bring it about? What path am I on; is it likely to bring me to where I want to go?
  • By interior world I mean thoughts, feelings, wishes, desires, discomfort, contentment, hopes, satisfaction, anger, delight… a kind of mindfulne
  • I was very interested to see that my intuition about using mindfulness to cope with stress and anxiety was borne out in a small Danish study that was published this past April
  • The women participating in the study had been diagnosed with breast cancer at Stage I, II or III and had undergone surgery
  • In any case, the statistical results are far less important to me than my lived experience: mindfulness exercises and meditation and living an examined life help me to cope better with stress and anxiety, and that is all the proof I need
Emily Vargas

Curing Depression with Mindfulness Meditation | Psychology Today - 0 views

www.psychologytoday.com/...ression-mindfulness-meditation

depression mindfulness psychology

shared by Emily Vargas on 03 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Psychologists from the University of Exeter recently published a study into "mindfulness-based cognitive therapy" (MBCT)
  • three quarters of the patients felt well enough to stop taking antidepressants
  • Professor Willem Kuyken, whose team at the Mood Disorders Centre of the University of Exeter in the UK carried out the research, says: "Anti-depressants are widely used by people who suffer from depression and that's because they tend to work. While they're very effective in helping reduce the symptoms of depression, when people come off them they are particularly vulnerable to relapse. For many people, MBCT seems to prevent that relapse. It could be an alternative to long-term antidepressant medication."
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • MBCT was developed in the mid-Nineties by psychologists at the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Toronto to help stabilize patients' moods during and after use of antidepressants.
  • Professor Williams is also the author of Mindfulness: An Eight Week Plan for Finding Peace in a Frantic World.
  • Concentrating on the rhythm of the breath helps produce a feeling of detachmen
  • , 47 per cent of patients with long-term depression suffered a relapse; the figure was 60 per cent among those taking medication alone. Other studies, including two published in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, had comparable outcomes. As a result, the UK's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has recommended MBCT since 2004
Emily Vargas

Yoga Improves Sleep for Cancer Patients | OSUN DEFENDER - 0 views

www.osundefender.org/?p=124573

yoga sleep cancer patients

shared by Emily Vargas on 04 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • regular practice of yoga can lead to significant improvements in sleep for people who have undergone cancer treatment.
  • Research indicates that people coping with cancer are at significantly higher risk for sleep disorders than the general population
  • Poor sleep and disrupted circadian rhythms are also associated with hormone dysregulation and immune system dysfunctio
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • including physical pain or discomfort that interferes with falling asleep or staying asleep, side effects from medications and treatments, as well as stress and anxiety
  • Researchers divided the participants into 2 groups, both of which followed the same standard post-treatment care plan. In addition, one group also participated in a 4-week yoga program, consisting of 2 75-minute sessions each week. The yoga regimen included physical postures as well as meditation, breathing and relaxation exercises
  • Yoga also helped to reduce patients’ reliance on prescription sleep medication.
  • 410 patients with cancer, all of whom had undergone one or more types of treatment—including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy—within the past 24 months. Most of the participants (96%) were women, with an average age of 54, and 75% of participants had breast cancer. All were suffering from at least moderate levels of sleep problems.
  • While short-term use of sleep medication may be useful, it’s critical to identify strategies for improving sleep that don’t rely on long-term use of sleep medicines
  • , researchers measured sleep for both groups using questionnaires and wrist sensors worn during the night. They found both groups had improved their sleep during the 4-week period. However, the yoga group experienced significantly greater improvements to sleep compared to the non-yoga group:
  • The yoga group saw their average sleep quality score improve from 9.2 at the beginning of the study to 7.2 at the end. The non-yoga group’s average score improved to a lesser degree, from 9.0 to 7.9.
  • The yoga group experienced more significant improvements to daytime tiredness than the non-yoga group.
  • The yoga group reduced their use of sleep medication by 21% per week during the course of the study. The non-yoga group, on the other hand, increased their sleep medication use by 5% per week.
  • that the group practicing yoga improved their sleep while also reducing their reliance on sleep medication
  • CDC’s first-ever investigation of prescription sleep medication that reliance on prescription sleep aids is alarmingly high, with 4% of the adult population of the U.S. taking medication to sleep
  • After 3 months, patients who did yoga reported significant decreases in sleep disturbances, increased sleep duration, and less reliance on sleep medication, compared to a group that did not participate in the yoga regimen.
  • A group of patients with a variety of cancers experienced improvements to sleep and decreases to levels of stress and fatigue after an 8-week program of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). MBSR includes meditation practices designed to address both physical and psychological difficulties.
Emily Vargas

Mindfulness Therapy Could Indirectly Reduce Alcohol Cravings - 0 views

www.goodtherapy.org/...educe-alcohol-cravings-0924131

mindfulness therapy alcohol

shared by Emily Vargas on 04 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • One of the primary associations that these two domains have is their relationship with self-consciousness (SC).
  • Individuals with depression often have high levels of SC and people with alcohol addiction often have affect and mood issues such as depression.
  • For individuals with depression, negative mood states and negative self-appraisals can trigger cravings and, thus, increase the risk of relapse
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • When someone tries to abstain from alcohol, they can experience significant cravings.
  • Belgium recently led a study to explore the relationship between SC and craving in a sample of 30 individuals undergoing alcohol detoxification
  • Because SC is found to be relatively high in those with depression, understanding the effect of this trait on craving could help clinicians treating those with alcohol use issues.
  • The participants were assessed for depression, SC, and cravings at the beginning of treatment and again at days 14 through 18. The results revealed that craving and depression both decreased significantly from day 1 to day 18
  • Timary discovered that the individuals with severe depression and elevated SC scores at treatment initiation had the highest level of cravings, depression, and SC at the end of the study perio
  • This suggests that the more self-conscious someone is, the more this trait can impact depression and, subsequently, cravings.
  • greater success if they employ mindfulness-based and metacognitive therapies that focus on developing nonreactive, nonjudgmental acceptance behaviors that could minimize SC and depression.
  • “Our results suggest that metacognitive approaches targeting SC could decrease craving and, in turn, prevent future relapses.
Emily Vargas

Mindfulness helps against anxiety and depression | ScienceNordic - 0 views

sciencenordic.com/against-anxiety-and-depression

mindfulness anxiety depression

shared by Emily Vargas on 01 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • oung adults with social phobia and anxiety,
  • Patients with social anxiety disorder benefit as much from a mindfulness programme as patie
  • nts who receive regular cognitive treatment
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • The risk of relapse in people with recurrent major depressive disorder is significantly lower Cancer patients reduced their anxiety and depressive symptoms
  • women who in glossy magazines tell of how they achieved self-control and success because they practice mindfulness and are able to be attentive and live in the present.
  • Here, a group of young people with social anxiety was divided into two random groups. One group received regular cognitive behavioural therapy in which the participants were taught to overcome their anxiety by confronting it. The other group was treated with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
  • This indicates that mindfulness is a serious alternative to confrontational therapy in which patients for instance overcome their fear of spiders by having them walk on their hands.
  • was a meta-study of six randomised clinical trials of 593 people who had been affected by one or more depressive episodes.
  • A patient who has suffered from a single depressive episode has a 60-percent chance of relapse. With two depressive episodes, the risk of relapse increases to 70 percent, and with three episodes, the risk goes up to 90 percent
  • systematic mindfulness training can significantly reduce this risk of relapse
  • For those hit by one depressive episode, the risk of relapse is reduced by 34 percent, and with three episodes, the risk is reduced by 43 percent.
  • British health authorities now recommend using mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for the prevention of relapse in recurrent depression.
  • which studied the effect of mindfulness on cancer patients, who often become anxious and depressed – even after the cancer treatment is actually completed.
Samuel Sirota

Exercise for the body is food for brain, study says: [Chicago Final Edition] - ProQuest... - 0 views

search.proquest.com/...4

exercise brain study

shared by Samuel Sirota on 02 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Samuel Sirota on 02 Oct 13
     
    Exercise for the body is food for the brain
Emily Vargas

Five Classic Ways to Boost Your Note-Taking - 0 views

lifehacker.com/...ways-to-boost-your-note+taking

notetaking notes education productivity Lifehacker study cornell learning

shared by Emily Vargas on 29 Sep 13 - Cached
  • Divide your page into two columns. The left one
  • You're going to jot larger ideas in this column:
  • In the right column, you're going to take down as much information as possible
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Some versions of the Cornell system leave the last few lines on each page for summarizing the whole page
  • cover the detailed notes on the right and just examine the main points and new vocab
  • have pictures and tables—it's not necessarily organized
  • But unless you try it, you'll never know if it works better for you.
  • Color-code with different pens, pencils, and highlighters.
  • Trying some new shorthand is a really geeky way to slightly tweak your engravings and get you amped about taking notes again.
  • It's mostly based around removing unimportant letters and making complex letters easier to write quickly.P
  • you might try translating just some of your most-frequently used words into a shorthand "language" that takes less time to writ
  • Record your lectures
Tara Picudella

Mindfulness and music | Memorising Music - 0 views

memorisingmusic.com/...mindfulness-and-music

mindfulness music

shared by Tara Picudella on 29 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • “a moment-to-moment, non-judgmental awareness“
  • We are essentially absent in our own lives, failing to notice the experiences as they occur. Put simply, mindfulness is a way of paying attention.
  • Musicians spend unusually large amounts of time alone practising, in a state of what pianist-composer Rolf Hind calls “solitary absorption”.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Neuroimaging studies indicate that MBSR is associated with increased grey matter in brain regions involved in learning and memory processes, emotional regulation, and self-referential processing
  • People have also reported that mindfulness meditation heightens “their listening experience by increasing their ability to focus on the music without distraction”
  • Constant micro-judgements about how to play each note, or how to shape each phrase, are crucial during practice but destabilise our ability to actually make music during a performance.
  • benefit of mindfulness in music,
  • Tara Picudella on 29 Sep 13
     
    benefits of practicing mindfulness before practicing or playing in a concert
David Dunn

For Immediate In-the-Moment Happiness, Head Outdoors | Smart News - 0 views

blogs.smithsonianmag.com/...moment-happiness-head-outdoors

shared by David Dunn on 02 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • A wealth of studies have examined the hypothesis that spending time outdoors boosts our well-being, but until now not much was known about how being outside affects what researchers call “momentary subjective well-being,” a fancy term for how you feel in-the-moment.
David Dunn

9 simple steps to happiness - CNN.com - 0 views

www.cnn.com/...index.html

shared by David Dunn on 02 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Forget self-improvement
  • Make tough stuff work
  • Love your commute
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • When you're bummed out, the mere act of smiling can cheer you up. The reasons for this effect have yet to be pinpointed, but one study at the University of Kansas in Lawrence reveals that flashing a grin slows down your heart rate during stress and chills you out.
Richard Ofosuhene

How Mindfulness Can Treat Anxiety - Carolyn Tucker MA, NCC, DCC, LAPC's Blog - Decatur-... - 1 views

decatur.patch.com/...ess-can-treat-anxiety-a1a88f02

richard

shared by Richard Ofosuhene on 01 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • From the poor economic climate, to traffic, to tragedy in the news, our culture contributes as well.
  • Mindfulness causes you to be fully presen
  • Mindfulness is defined as a state of active, open attention on the present
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • . When you're mindful, you exist solely in the moment, noticing what is going on right then to the fullest. The practice of acceptance goes along with mindfulness
  • In acceptance you observe your thoughts and feelings from a distance, without judging them good or bad
  • Instead of saying "I am anxious," notice the physical sensation and acknowledge that it is there
  • help clients daily learn skills to help them better cope with the effects of anxiety on their mind and bodies.
  • Mindfulness is most frequently associated with a practice of meditation. Even five minutes of meditation daily has been proven to show benefit.
  • Some of my clients report washing the dishes as being meditative for them, or gardening, or listening to music.
  • Any activity where you can be fully in the moment contributes to your ability to quiet that voice in the mind that causes anxiety.
  • By being mindful you are not denying your feelings, nor ignoring them. You are integrating them into your "whole self" and allowing your mind to get out of the way so that your body can naturally heal itself.
  • Even as our minds get busy, the physical sensations of anxiety such as muscle tension, tightness in the chest or stomach, fluttering heartbeat are still present. Every few moments our minds do a "check in" to be sure that all systems are functioning properly. When the mind locates the symptoms of anxiety it sends off a "code red" and all of the symptoms feel exacerbated.
  • ven as our minds get busy, the physical sensations of anxiety such as muscle tension, tightness in the chest or stomach, fluttering heartbeat are still present. Every few moments our minds do a "check in" to be sure that all systems are functioning properly
  • When we resist emotions or physical sensations they rear their ugly heads and demand to be noticed. The sheer energy of them increases due to our increase in attempt to squash them down. Our bodies were made to allow all energy, negative and positive to move through them and to be expressed in some way, whether spoken through communication, burned off through exercise or relaxed away. Acceptance allows our bodies to naturally self correct and allow that energy to pass through us without resistance.
  • Mindfulness is proven to increase our quality of life by improving our physical health (reducing blood pressure and increasing quality of sleep to name a few benefits) and our mental health (decreased rumination, increased ability to handle daily stress) and out relationships (One study showed that people who practice mindfulness deal with relationship stress more constructively.
  • indfulness is most frequently associated with a practice of meditation. Even five minutes of meditation daily has been proven to show benefit. You can practice mindfulness in many other ways too. Some of my clients report washing the dishes as being meditative for them, or gardening, or listening to music. Any activity where you can be fully in the moment contributes to your ability to quiet that voice in the mind that causes anxiety.
  • By being mindful you are not denying your feelings, nor ignoring them. You are integrating them into your "whole self" and allowing your mind to get out of the way so that your body can naturally heal itself
  • Richard Ofosuhene on 04 Oct 13
     
    It shows how to do mindfulness and the benefit of it
Alyssa Lau

Mindfulness: Top-down or bottom-up emotion regulation strategy? - 0 views

www.sciencedirect.com.esf.idm.oclc.org/...S0272735812001584

shared by Alyssa Lau on 06 Oct 13 - No Cached
    • Alyssa Lau
      Alyssa Lau on 06 Oct 13
       
      Mindfulness gives off siginificant positive changes.  mechanics: emotion regulation strategies - the ability to regulation one emtion and emotional repsonses.  2 ways of emotional strategies:  1) top-down model: everything is affected from the upper level - Cognitive reappriasal - change the effort of the emotional reponse, In other words, a different meaning/ output that changes the input of emotions. 
  • direct modulation of emotion-generative brain regions without cognitively reappraise emotionally salient stimuli
  • bottom–up
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • haracterized by a direct reduced reactivity of “lower” emotion-generative brain regions without an active recruitment of “higher” brain regions,
    • Alyssa Lau
      Alyssa Lau on 06 Oct 13
       
      Bottom- up model: Direct modulation of the regions of the brain that does not change the meaning of the emotional impact.  the lower level affects the upper levels of the model. - Characterization 
  • op–down em
  • otion regulation strategy facilitating positive cognitive reappraisal
  • if mindfulness training is primarily a bottom–up process, MBIs might be effective for patients not responding to traditional psychotherapies.
  • op–down mechanisms
  • cognitive reappraisal, to regulate unpleasant emotions
  • o assess whether mindfulness practice can be best described as a top–down emotion regulation strategy, as a bottom–up emotion regulation strategy, or as a combination of both strategies, on the basis of functional neuro-imaging studies employing emotion regulation paradigms.
  • mindfulness
  • raditionally been defined as an understanding of what is occurring before or beyond conceptual and emotional classifications about what is taking or has taken place
    • Alyssa Lau
      Alyssa Lau on 06 Oct 13
       
      Binary of this paper: The Western definition of mindfulness vs. the traditional definition of mindfulness
  • classical descriptions of mindfulness
  • raditional contexts
  • raditional descriptions of mindfulness
  • asily translated within current Western theoretical frameworks
  • mindfulness
  • (1) a specific state that arises only when the individual is purposely attending to present moment experience, (2) a mental trait that differs both among and within different individuals at different time points, and (3) specific practices designed to cultivate and maintain the state of mindfulness
  • (1) modern clinical MBIs, such as MBSR and MBCT, that have been specifically developed to integrate the essence of ancient Buddhist practices with the modern clinical practice as a means to reduce a variety of physical and psychological symptoms
  • Alternatively, both processes could be more or less associated with mindfulness training depending on the emphasis given by specific instructors and traditions.
Emily Vargas

Applying Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy to Treatment of Depression - 1 views

staroversky.com/...apy-to-treatment-of-depression

therapy depression

shared by Emily Vargas on 03 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • (MBCT) is quickly gaining more popularity in treatment of various disorders including depression
  • improve one’s well-being, mindfulness, emotional regulation, positive mood, and spiritual experience while reducing stress, anxiety, and other problem
  • According to Jon Kabat-Zinn2,
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Applications of mindfulness include emotional problems such as stress and anxiety; behavioral problems such as eating, parenting, and addiction; disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, and borderline personality disorders; somatic problems including psoriasis, fibromyalgia, and chronic pain.
  • Mindfulness is not a state of doing but a state of being in which you are fully aware of the present moment and do not evaluate your inner or outer environment.
  • Mindfulness is a state of self-regulation of your attention and the ability to direct it towards breathing, eating, or something else. Curiosity, openness, and acceptance are all part of being mindful.
  • mindfulness can be defined as paying attention in a particular way on purpose in a present moment and non-judgmentally.
  • People who are depressed, often have lots of negative popping thoughts about their past
  • A combination of mindfulness based stress reduction and cognitive therapy has been shown to be very effective for treatment of depression.
  • MBCT was originally developed as a relapse prevention program to help people stay free of depression once they have fully recovered fr
  • om an episode.
  • Other studies have showed that the results achieved by MBCT were equivalent to the results achieved by antidepressants. Moreover, people who have bee trained in MBCT experienced less depression and significantly improved their quality of life.3
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