Some metaphors are common in spoken language but are inappropriate in sign, body-part metaphors are possible in sign metaphors but odd/uncommon in spoken metaphor. In spoken language, tone and body position determine when a metaphor is that and not literal. Sign metaphors also have similar markers such as change in facial expression but are more limited in expressing change in tone and body position (as the body is already the main mode of communication). There is a sign for "metaphor" or a way to slightly change the signs for common words in metaphor so that the "listener" knows that the "speaker" means something metaphorically as opposed to literally.

Outlines the importance of early children's language development. It highlights the importance of the four main components to early language development: Phonology, Semantics, Grammar and Pragmatics. This article shows the critical period of first 5 years in development as this is the time that baby's nerve connections are being made and those for speech/communication need to be built early on so that they're inherent to learning.

Chinglish signage (signs originally in Mandarin but oddly translated to English) is being "cleaned up." Meaning that about 400,000 street signs' odd English phrases were replaced with ones to make sense. Many enemies of Chinglish say that laughing at its poorly translated signs and other mis-translations are instead humiliating. However, there are many that believe Chinglish to be its own language that, while it sounds odd to the Western ear, is directly able to translate the lyrical aspect of Mandarin.

Esperanto isn't common and only spoken by language enthusiasts eager to learn this language said to be the most accessible and easy to learn. However, Esperanto, unlike English, has yet to catch on and a significant reason might be that there aren't any nations/states already speaking and connected to Esperanto.