Group items tagged references - Words R Us

In A Fragmented Cultureverse, Can Pop References Still Pop? - 0 views

www.npr.org/...e-can-pop-references-still-pop

language allusions culture references communication sociolinguistics

shared by Lara Cowell on 18 Jan 13 - No Cached

Lara Cowell on 18 Jan 13

This article, about the use of cultural references, made me think about the ways that language can be used to include or exclude people, also about the social dynamics that inform communication.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">This article, about the use of cultural references, made me think about the ways that language can be used to include or exclude people, also about the social dynamics that inform communication.</div>

...

Cancel

BPS Research Digest: Can grammar be sexist? - 9 views

bps-research-digest.blogspot.com/...can-grammar-be-sexist.html

metaphor grammar gender

shared by Ryan Catalani on 12 Nov 10 - No Cached

Ryan Catalani on 12 Nov 10

French and German, like other Romance language, have masculine and feminine forms of nouns, and "when referring to several people by their role... and the gender of that group is either not known, irrelevant or mixed," they will use the masculine form. However, the masculine form used in this way is traditionally thought to be generic - but "the French and German participants took longer to say that the second sentence made sense if it referred to women."

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">French and German, like other Romance language, have masculine and feminine forms of nouns, and "when referring to several people by their role... and the gender of that group is either not known, irrelevant or mixed," they will use the masculine form. However, the masculine form used in this way is traditionally thought to be generic - but "the French and German participants took longer to say that the second sentence made sense if it referred to women."</div>

...

Cancel

Language Log: May 2005 Archives - 0 views

itre.cis.upenn.edu/...2005_05.html

particles like

shared by Lisa Stewart on 11 Jan 11 - No Cached

Language Log like list Cristi Laquer at Invented Usage has recently posted "on like usage". She cites a number of blog posts on the various innovative uses of like (the hedge, the quotative and so on), including a Language Log post, and asks "If anyone knows of anything else out there, please let us know!" The classic (non-blog) reference is Muffy Siegel's paper "Like: The Discourse Particle and Semantics" (J. of Semantics 19(1), Feb. 2002). In thinking about other references on our site, I came to three conclusions at almost the same time. There have been quite a few Language Log posts that are relevant to the use of like; it's hard to find them; and none of them summarizes the epic panorama of that protean word's patterns of usage. To start with, here's a reasonably complete list, in chronological order, of Language Log posts relevant to like: It's like, so unfair (Geoff Pullum) Like is, like, not really like if you will (Mark Liberman) Exclusive: God uses "like" as a hedge (Geoff Pullum) Divine ambiguity (Mark Liberman) Grammar critics are, like, annoyed really weird (Mark Liberman) This construction seems that I would never use it (Mark Liberman) Look like a reference problem (Eric Bakovic) Seems like, go, all (Mark Liberman) I'm like, all into this stuff (Arnold Zwicky) I'm starting to get like "this is really interesting" (Mark Liberman) This is, like, such total crap? (Mark Liberman)
...

Cancel

Lisa Stewart on 11 Jan 11

Has a list of entries on the word "like"

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">Has a list of entries on the word "like"</div>

...

Cancel

The Linguistics of Mass Persuasion Part 2: Choose Your Own Adventure | JSTOR Daily - 0 views

daily.jstor.org/political-persuasion-part-2

politics government speech rhetoric political language

shared by zaneyamamoto20 on 11 Mar 20 - No Cached

zaneyamamoto20 on 11 Mar 20

This is the second part of the article about political mass communication. It mostly deals with things like collocations, fill-ins, and framing. Collocations are words that are often used with others and so carry a particular connotations because of their association. For example, calling someone a rabid feminist vs. calling them a radical feminist would suggest more danger and wildness because of the use of the word rabid. Fill-ins refer to the use of deliberately obfuscating or vague language which encourages the listeners to respond by filling-in the gaps with their own preconceived notions or biases and can be a helpful persuasive tool. For example, saying something like, "they want to control you." The "they" here is vague and thus allows the listener to fill in with whatever they want. The article also touches on doublespeak and the use of euphemisms to refer to unpleasant topics (George W. Bush and enhanced interrogation anyone?). Framing, more broadly refers to the use of these tactics to get listeners to interpret the speech in certain ways favorable to the speaker.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">This is the second part of the article about political mass communication. It mostly deals with things like collocations, fill-ins, and framing. Collocations are words that are often used with others and so carry a particular connotations because of their association. For example, calling someone a rabid feminist vs. calling them a radical feminist would suggest more danger and wildness because of the use of the word rabid. Fill-ins refer to the use of deliberately obfuscating or vague language which encourages the listeners to respond by filling-in the gaps with their own preconceived notions or biases and can be a helpful persuasive tool. For example, saying something like, "they want to control you." The "they" here is vague and thus allows the listener to fill in with whatever they want. The article also touches on doublespeak and the use of euphemisms to refer to unpleasant topics (George W. Bush and enhanced interrogation anyone?). Framing, more broadly refers to the use of these tactics to get listeners to interpret the speech in certain ways favorable to the speaker.</div>

...

Cancel

ANALYSIS OF TYPES CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING BY THE SIXTH PRESIDENT OF REPUBLIC IND... - 0 views

media.neliti.com/...switching-and-cod-1287515d.pdf

language words speech

shared by anonymous on 26 Feb 24 - No Cached

anonymous on 26 Feb 24

This scientific paper analyzed the types of code switching in a presidential speech, those being tag, intesentential, and intrasentential. Tag refers to adding a "tag" phrase in a differing language at the end of a phrase or sentence. Intesentential refers to a switch after a full sentence, and intrasentential refers to a switch in the middle of the sentence.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">This scientific paper analyzed the types of code switching in a presidential speech, those being tag, intesentential, and intrasentential. Tag refers to adding a "tag" phrase in a differing language at the end of a phrase or sentence. Intesentential refers to a switch after a full sentence, and intrasentential refers to a switch in the middle of the sentence.</div>

...

Cancel

How have numbers shaped language and allowed it to evolve? - 6 views

numbers mathematics evolution language brain history

started by Kiko Whiteley on 01 Mar 13 no follow-up yet

Gestures Offer Insight: Scientific American Mind - 4 views

api.ning.com/...GesturesOfferInsight.pdf

gestures

shared by Ryan Catalani on 01 Oct 10 - No Cached

Lisa Stewart liked it

Ryan Catalani on 01 Oct 10

"Various language families differ in how they distribute components of meaning between speech and gesture--at least when referring to directional kinds of information. [...] De Ruiter is examining in greater detail the presumed interaction between speech and gesture for pointing motions. He has recorded dialogues between two people telling each other stories and has found that an extended gesture--such as when someone points up toward the sky--tends to delay the verbalization to which it refers ("the plane ascended at a steep angle"). Gestures also adapt to speech; when a storyteller has misspoken and stumbles momentarily, a preprepared gesture appears to be held in abeyance until the speech component is running smoothly again."

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">"Various language families differ in how they distribute components of meaning between speech and gesture--at least when referring to directional kinds of information. [...] De Ruiter is examining in greater detail the presumed interaction between speech and gesture for pointing motions. He has recorded dialogues between two people telling each other stories and has found that an extended gesture--such as when someone points up toward the sky--tends to delay the verbalization to which it refers ("the plane ascended at a steep angle"). Gestures also adapt to speech; when a storyteller has misspoken and stumbles momentarily, a preprepared gesture appears to be held in abeyance until the speech component is running smoothly again."</div>

...

Cancel

Futurity.org - How babies (really) learn first words - 8 views

www.futurity.org/...abies-really-learn-first-words

language acquisition babies

shared by Ryan Catalani on 07 Jun 11 - No Cached

Ryan Catalani on 07 Jun 11

"The current, long-standing theory suggests that children learn their first words through a series of associations; they associate words they hear with multiple possible referents in their immediate environment....A small set of psychologists and linguists, including members of the Penn team, have long argued that the sheer number of statistical comparisons necessary to learn words this way is simply beyond the capabilities of human memory.... rich interactions with children-and patience-are more important than abstract picture books and drilling."

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">"The current, long-standing theory suggests that children learn their first words through a series of associations; they associate words they hear with multiple possible referents in their immediate environment....A small set of psychologists and linguists, including members of the Penn team, have long argued that the sheer number of statistical comparisons necessary to learn words this way is simply beyond the capabilities of human memory.... rich interactions with children-and patience-are more important than abstract picture books and drilling."</div>

...

Cancel

Futurity.org - Big numbers count when learning 1-2-3 - 1 views

www.futurity.org/...bers-count-when-learning-1-2-3

shared by Ryan Catalani on 17 Jun 11 - No Cached

Ryan Catalani on 17 Jun 11

"Children whose parents talked about sets of four to 10 objects that the child could see were more likely to understand the cardinal principle. Using smaller numbers in conversations and referring to objects the children couldn't see (such as "I'll be there in two minutes.") did not have the same results."

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">"Children whose parents talked about sets of four to 10 objects that the child could see were more likely to understand the cardinal principle. Using smaller numbers in conversations and referring to objects the children couldn't see (such as "I'll be there in two minutes.") did not have the same results."</div>

...

Cancel

Parents' Ums And Uhs Can Help Toddlers Learn Language : Shots - Health Blog : NPR - 4 views

www.npr.org/...n-help-toddlers-learn-language

children development

shared by Ryan Catalani on 15 Apr 11 - No Cached

Ryan Catalani on 15 Apr 11

"They are making the inference - not consciously - that when someone has difficulty making a word they are most likely referring to an object that is rare," says Aslin.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">"They are making the inference - not consciously - that when someone has difficulty making a word they are most likely referring to an object that is rare," says Aslin.</div>

...

Cancel

>Language>Place - blog carnival - 0 views

www.blueprintreview.de/lap.htm

shared by Ryan Catalani on 10 Apr 11 - No Cached

Ryan Catalani on 10 Apr 11

"The idea of "> Language > Place" is to create a collaborate virtual journey through different places, in different formats, and with different languages included - the main language is english, yet the idea is that every post also includes snippets or terms of other languages, and refers to a specific place, country, region or city. "

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">"The idea of "> Language > Place" is to create a collaborate virtual journey through different places, in different formats, and with different languages included - the main language is english, yet the idea is that every post also includes snippets or terms of other languages, and refers to a specific place, country, region or city. "</div>

...

Cancel

Skip The Legalese And Keep It Short, Justices Say : NPR - 0 views

www.npr.org/...and-keep-it-short-justices-say

shared by Ryan Catalani on 22 Jun 11 - No Cached

Ryan Catalani on 22 Jun 11

"All of the justices talk about "legalese" in disparaging terms, and many refer to great fiction writers as masters of language. ... That sentiment is echoed by Breyer, who points to Proust, Stendhal and Montesquieu as his inspirations. Justice Anthony Kennedy loves Hemingway, Shakespeare, Solzhenitsyn, Dickens and Trollope. ..."

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">"All of the justices talk about "legalese" in disparaging terms, and many refer to great fiction writers as masters of language. ... That sentiment is echoed by Breyer, who points to Proust, Stendhal and Montesquieu as his inspirations. Justice Anthony Kennedy loves Hemingway, Shakespeare, Solzhenitsyn, Dickens and Trollope. ..."</div>

...

Cancel

Game Studies - Cheesers, Pullers, and Glitchers: The Rhetoric of Sportsmanship and the ... - 9 views

gamestudies.org/...moeller_esplin_conway

gamers trash_talk

shared by Lisa Stewart on 14 Oct 11 - No Cached

Lisa Stewart on 14 Oct 11

"Discourse" is a good search term because it refers to the way people interact using language

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">"Discourse" is a good search term because it refers to the way people interact using language</div>

...

Cancel

Linguistic Contributors to the Gender-Linked Language Effect - 0 views

jls.sagepub.com/...81.short

gender

shared by Sarah Steele on 14 Oct 11 - No Cached

age variables displaying effects consistent with the Gender-Linked Language Effect, seven were more indicative of male speakers: impersonals, fillers, elliptical sentences, units, justifiers, geographical references, and spatial references. Greater use of the other seven variables was more indicative of female speakers: intensive adverbs, personal pronouns, negations, verbs of cognition, dependent clauses with subordinating conjunctions understood, oppositions, and pauses. These clusters of male and female contributors to the effect are discussed in terms of potential underlying communication strategies.
...

Cancel

A Word Gone Wrong - NYTimes.com - 2 views

www.nytimes.com/...a-word-gone-wrong.html

shared by Leigh Yonemoto on 16 Apr 13 - No Cached

Leigh Yonemoto on 16 Apr 13

A campaign has been started to stop the use of the word "retarded" to refer to people who has intellectual and developmental disabilities. Over the years it has become a derogatory word that children use in schools to assault others. The word also makes disabled people feel excluded from others. I thought this was a good step to potentially stop bullying.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">A campaign has been started to stop the use of the word "retarded" to refer to people who has intellectual and developmental disabilities. Over the years it has become a derogatory word that children use in schools to assault others. The word also makes disabled people feel excluded from others. I thought this was a good step to potentially stop bullying.</div>

...

Cancel

She's the Next President. Wait, Did You Read That Right? - 1 views

www.nytimes.com/...woman-president-she-her.html

language brain gender

shared by beccaverghese20 on 05 Mar 20 - No Cached

beccaverghese20 on 05 Mar 20

A new study shows how certain ideas are still deeply ingrained the public's minds as masculine. For example, most of the public associates the president with a man. In fact, the study showed that when articles or people used "her" or feminine pronouns people's reading times increased because of the confusion caused in their brain. Many people don't use "she" when referring to a hypothetical president. The way that language can sometimes gender certain occupations has some important implications. That is why many states and representatives are trying to change the language to make it more inclusive. For example, Kamala Harris, when she was California's attorney general, and changed all the wording of the statutes that referred to the attorney general as a man. This is because gendering occupations can lead to an ingrained bias. However, with more women in politics, biases could change. For example, in UK, where there have been 2 female prime ministers, the study was replicated and it was found that people were comfortable using "she" or "her" when stating the next prospective prime minister.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">A new study shows how certain ideas are still deeply ingrained the public's minds as masculine. For example, most of the public associates the president with a man. In fact, the study showed that when articles or people used "her" or feminine pronouns people's reading times increased because of the confusion caused in their brain. Many people don't use "she" when referring to a hypothetical president. The way that language can sometimes gender certain occupations has some important implications. That is why many states and representatives are trying to change the language to make it more inclusive. For example, Kamala Harris, when she was California's attorney general, and changed all the wording of the statutes that referred to the attorney general as a man. This is because gendering occupations can lead to an ingrained bias. However, with more women in politics, biases could change. For example, in UK, where there have been 2 female prime ministers, the study was replicated and it was found that people were comfortable using "she" or "her" when stating the next prospective prime minister.</div>

...

Cancel

The Mystery of Onomatopoeia Around the World - The Atlantic - 1 views

www.theatlantic.com/...415824

onomatopoeia words sounds language Language_Evolution

shared by Lara Cowell on 18 Nov 17 - No Cached

Lara Cowell on 18 Nov 17

Words formed from a sound and intended to imitate that sound-what linguists refer to as onomatopoeia-fluctuate around the world even when the underlying sound is roughly the same in each place. And the thing about it is, we don't really understand why this fluctuation occurs. It has something to do with the alchemy of humans in different times and places striving to mimic noises in the world around them, and to incorporate this mimicry into distinct linguistic systems and cultural contexts. Some have hypothesized over the years that language originated with the imitation of natural sounds-a notion sometimes referred to as the "bow-wow theory." But whatever the answer to this question, onomatopoeia explains only a sliver of the words we use. The article goes on to share some fun collections of onomatopoeia.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">Words formed from a sound and intended to imitate that sound-what linguists refer to as onomatopoeia-fluctuate around the world even when the underlying sound is roughly the same in each place. And the thing about it is, we don't really understand why this fluctuation occurs. It has something to do with the alchemy of humans in different times and places striving to mimic noises in the world around them, and to incorporate this mimicry into distinct linguistic systems and cultural contexts. Some have hypothesized over the years that language originated with the imitation of natural sounds-a notion sometimes referred to as the "bow-wow theory." But whatever the answer to this question, onomatopoeia explains only a sliver of the words we use. The article goes on to share some fun collections of onomatopoeia.</div>

...

Cancel

The sound symbolism bootstrapping hypothesis for language acquisition and language evol... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4123677

sound symbol symbolism words Language_Evolution sound symbolism bootstrapping hypothesis babies early child language acquisition

shared by Lara Cowell on 20 Nov 17 - No Cached

Lara Cowell on 20 Nov 17

Sound symbolism is a non-arbitrary relationship between speech sounds and meaning. We review evidence that, contrary to the traditional view in linguistics, sound symbolism is an important design feature of language, which affects online processing of language, and most importantly, language acquisition. We propose the sound symbolism bootstrapping hypothesis, claiming that (i) pre-verbal infants are sensitive to sound symbolism, due to a biologically endowed ability to map and integrate multi-modal input, (ii) sound symbolism helps infants gain referential insight for speech sounds, (iii) sound symbolism helps infants and toddlers associate speech sounds with their referents to establish a lexical representation and (iv) sound symbolism helps toddlers learn words by allowing them to focus on referents embedded in a complex scene, alleviating Quine's problem. We further explore the possibility that sound symbolism is deeply related to language evolution, drawing the parallel between historical development of language across generations and ontogenetic development within individuals. Finally, we suggest that sound symbolism bootstrapping is a part of a more general phenomenon of bootstrapping by means of iconic representations, drawing on similarities and close behavioural links between sound symbolism and speech-accompanying iconic gesture.

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">Sound symbolism is a non-arbitrary relationship between speech sounds and meaning. We review evidence that, contrary to the traditional view in linguistics, sound symbolism is an important design feature of language, which affects online processing of language, and most importantly, language acquisition. We propose the sound symbolism bootstrapping hypothesis, claiming that (i) pre-verbal infants are sensitive to sound symbolism, due to a biologically endowed ability to map and integrate multi-modal input, (ii) sound symbolism helps infants gain referential insight for speech sounds, (iii) sound symbolism helps infants and toddlers associate speech sounds with their referents to establish a lexical representation and (iv) sound symbolism helps toddlers learn words by allowing them to focus on referents embedded in a complex scene, alleviating Quine's problem. We further explore the possibility that sound symbolism is deeply related to language evolution, drawing the parallel between historical development of language across generations and ontogenetic development within individuals. Finally, we suggest that sound symbolism bootstrapping is a part of a more general phenomenon of bootstrapping by means of iconic representations, drawing on similarities and close behavioural links between sound symbolism and speech-accompanying iconic gesture.</div>

...

Cancel

The 'Nasty Effect': How Comments Color Comprehension : NPR - 2 views

www.npr.org/...w-comments-color-comprehension

reading hate_speech nasty_effect

shared by Lisa Stewart on 15 Mar 13 - No Cached

Now a study in the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication suggests that rude comments on articles can even change the way we interpret the news. "It's a little bit like the Wild West. The trolls are winning," says Dominique Brossard, co-author of the study on the so-called nasty effect. Those trolls she's referring to are commenters who make contributions designed to divert online conversations.
...

Cancel

Sh and Fu - 13 views

www.ling.ohio-state.edu/...morality.ppt

profanity wordsrus

shared by Lisa Stewart on 23 Feb 10 - No Cached

Lisa Stewart on 23 Feb 10

powerpoint overviews use of profanity; also has references page

<div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">powerpoint overviews use of profanity; also has references page</div>

...

Cancel

Group items tagged