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Daryl Bambic

Behaviorism - 4 views

www.simplypsychology.org/behaviorism.html

behaviourism psychology

shared by Daryl Bambic on 26 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Psychology should be seen as a science. 
  • Its theoretical goal is … prediction and control” (1913, p. 158).
  • concerned with observable behavior,
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • a person’s environment determines their behavior
  • 'tabula rasa' (a blank slate).
  • There is little difference between the learning that takes place in humans and that in other animals.  Therefore research can be carried out on animals as well as humans.
  • Behavior is the result of stimulus – response
  • no matter how complex,
  • All behavior is learnt from the environment
  • Limitations
  • Strengths
  • The psychodynamic approach (Freud) criticizes behaviorism as it does not take into account the unconscious mind’s influence on behavior, and instead focuses on external observable behavior.
  • (tabula rasa)
  • Humanism also rejects the nomothetic approach
  • humans have free will (personal agency
  • Chromosomes and hormones
  • Mediation processes occur between stimulus and response, such as memory, thinking, problem solving etc.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 26 Apr 12
       
      What are the three main objections of the Behaviourism?
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 27 Apr 12
       
      The three main objections is that human cannot be compare to animals, human have free will and they make their own decisions and it doesn't take into account the unconscious mind.
    • Julian Posteraro
      Julian Posteraro on 27 Apr 12
       
      1) Humans have free will and are able to make their own decisions. This is objected because our actions are made based on our surroundings. 2) Animals and humans are not comparable. They are however because they can both be controlled by a stimulus for example. 3) People are born with a blank slate in their mind. Freud believed that they were actually born with instincts.  
    • kelsey sazant
      kelsey sazant on 27 Apr 12
       
      The three main objections of the Behaviourism is that humans cannot be accurately represented by animals because we have a different and more complex mind we also have free will and a different decision making process. Hormones also have a huge influence on our behaviour, this does not effect animals as drastically. 
    • Ally Talarico
      Ally Talarico on 27 Apr 12
       
      We are born with a "blank slate" therefore we are not born with a unconscious mind. Behavior isn't determined by our unconscious mind but by our environment. If it's not measurable, it's not a good theory. Also, we can't test on animals and just accept that they are the same as humans. They aren't. We are a lot more advanced and complex than most animals. We have free will and we make decisions differently than they do. 
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 26 Apr 12
       
      What are the strengths of Behaviourism?
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 26 Apr 12
       
      The strengths are that it's scientific so the experements done can support the theories. It helps us understand certain behaviours we have. Also, it can help us compare ourselves to animals since most of the experements are done on animals. 
    • Julian Posteraro
      Julian Posteraro on 27 Apr 12
       
      Behaviourism is beneficial because knowing that a simple or complex stimulas can trigger a certain reaction, we can learn how to better control other people or animals. For example, a stimulas can be used to train your pet animal or to calm your energetic child down. Knowing that behaviourism is predictable, we can have a certain amount of subtle control over others when needed, in therapy for example. There are also many experiments that help support the theories of Behaviourism. This is also something that is common between animals and humans. We both can react a certain way based on our environment. 
    • Ally Talarico
      Ally Talarico on 27 Apr 12
       
      It's scientific, it's highly applicable through therapy, it emphasizes objective measurement. There are many experiments to support theories as well. 
    • kelsey sazant
      kelsey sazant on 27 Apr 12
       
      The main strengths of Behaviourism are that it is scientific and therefore can test and approve or reject falsifiable theories. It can also be used as therapy or treatment if used or understood properly. It also helps us understand our behaviours by comparing them to animals, this helps us further understand our own species through the observation of another. 
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 26 Apr 12
       
      Why is Behaviourism primarily concerned with observable behaviour? How is that different from Freudian psychoanalytic theory?
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 26 Apr 12
       
      Behaviourism is primarily concerned with observable  behaviour because it wants to have data and the only way to get it is by seeing something happen. It is different than the Freudian psychoanalytic because Freud's theory was that you can't change the behaviour, but in behaviourism we can change the reaction.  Behaviourism says that internal events like thinking will be explained with olur behaviour.
    • Jordyn Shell
      Jordyn Shell on 27 Apr 12
       
      Behaviourism is primarily concerned with observable  behaviour because the only way to know if something is occurring is to OBSERVE IT, hence 'observable behaviour' (behaviours which are required to be seen, like MLP said). It's different than Freud's theory because he believed that behaviour was permanent, no matter what the behaviour was. However you acted and such wasn't controllable or changeable.
    • Ally Talarico
      Ally Talarico on 27 Apr 12
       
      Behaviorism is proven by observation. Also, the theory explains that we can change the reaction of certain other actions. Freudian theory believes that behavior or permanent. Although we believe that we are being rational when making decisions, we really aren't.
    • Eli Michon
      Eli Michon on 27 Apr 12
       
      Behaviorism need observation to be justified because you cant know what is happening unless it's witnessed. when thinking about this, i think of how a person under arrest is innocent until proven guilty. Freudian theory however presumed that behavior was a permanent thing and that every psychological advance you made would be determined and preset.
    • Julian Posteraro
      Julian Posteraro on 27 Apr 12
       
      Behaviourism is concerned with observable behaviour because our environment determines our behaviour. Technically, people have no free will because every action made is a reaction to another. Freud doesn't take into consideration the unconscious mind and disregards behaviourism. He also believes that we are born with instincts and not with "tabula rasa". These two theories are different because if our surroundings can predetermine our behaviour, then our behaviour isn't permanent unless our environment is.  
    • kelsey sazant
      kelsey sazant on 27 Apr 12
       
      Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable behaviour because the only way to be certain that a change is occurring is to see it. This is quite different than Freud's theory because he believed that the behaviours that humans have cannot be altered. However, although our behaviours are believed to be set in stone, some things like routines and environments can change our reactions and perspectives. 
    • Emilie L
      Emilie L on 27 Apr 12
       
      'Because the study of behavior(ism) relies on the things we do visually (thus observable behavior). Like the text mentions, its an external and measurable study, instead of "average" physcology which is passed off on internal oberservaton (thoughts). It's different because Freudian theory suggest that everything is done mentally: our decisions, reactions. Happens through the brain; behaviorism suggests that we can study something that is said to be in our minds, based off of our actions (externally)
Daryl Bambic

Animal Emotions: Exploring Passionate Natures | BioScience | Oxford Academic - 1 views

academic.oup.com/...233998

emotions animal

shared by Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21 - No Cached
  • because emotions have evolved in specific contexts.
  • Categorically denying emotions to animals because they cannot be studied directly does not constitute a reasonable argument against their existence.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      To deny that something is real without first investigating its existence is not good science.
  • Field research
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      meaning in nature and not in a lab
  • ...48 more annotations...
  • phenotypes
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      This means a type of behaviour related to a species, like mating behaviour for example.
  • My goal is to convince skeptics that a combination of “hard” and “soft” interdisciplinary research is necessary to advance the study of animal emotions.
  • broadly defined as psychological phenomena that help in behavioral management and control
  • Likewise, no single theory of emotions captures the complexity of the phenomena called emotions
  • It is important to extend our research beyond the underlying physiological mechanisms that mask the richness of the emotional lives of many animals and learn more about how emotions serve them as they go about their daily activities
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Ignore the previous sentence because this one explains it: the study of emotions needs to focus more on how they help us in life and less on the biology of them.
  • emotions are real and that they are extremely important,
  • René Descartes
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      The philosopher who said, "I think therefore I am". He divided humans into mind/body.
  • B. F. Skinner
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Skinner was a pioneer in behaviour conditioning. He taught that emotions, because we can't measure them, are not important to understanding behaviour.
  • Why then are there competing views on the nature of animal emotions? In part, this is because some people view humans as unique animals, created in the image of God
  • researchers studying animal behavior came to realize that there was too little in studies of animal emotions and minds that was directly observable, measurable, and verifiable, and chose instead to concentrate on behavior because overt actions could be seen, measured objectively, and verified
  • Most researchers now believe that emotions are not simply the result of some bodily state that leads to an action
  • William James and Carl Lange
  • James and Lange argued that fear, for example, results from an awareness of the bodily changes (heart rate, temperature) that were stimulated by a fearful stimulus.
  • Walter Cannon's criticisms
  • there is a mental component that does not have to follow a bodily reaction
  • drugs producing bodily changes like those accompanying an emotional experience
  • do not produce the same type of conscious experience of fear
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      The textbook spoke of this.
  • Primary emotions, considered to be basic inborn emotions
  • Natural selection has resulted in innate reactions that are crucial to individual survival.
  • are wired into the evolutionary old limbic system (especially the amygdala), the “emotional” part of the brain
  • substrate
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Substitue 'circuit' for this word
  • . Each is connected to the other two but each also has its own capacities
  • current research (LeDoux 1996) indicates that all emotions are not necessarily packaged into a single system, and there may be more than one emotional system in the brain.
  • Secondary emotions are those that are experienced or felt, evaluated, and reflected on. Secondary emotions involve higher brain centers in the cerebral cortex.
  • ethologists
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Ethology is the study of animal behaviour and mind
  • cognitive ethologists want to know what it is like to be another animal.
  • concerns how emotions and cognition are linked
  • A sense of self in the act of knowing is created,
  • various brain structures map both the organism and external objects
  • I am inclined merely to delete it [the mental realm] from biological explanation, because it is an entirely private phenomenon, and biology must deal with the publicly demonstrable.”
  • abanac postulated that the first mental event to emerge into consciousness was the ability of an individual to experience the sensations of pleasure and displeasure
  • Examples of animal emotions
  • Social play
  • Studies of the chemistry of play support the idea that play is enjoyable.
  • dopamine (and perhaps serotonin and norepinephrine)
  • rats enjoy being playfully tickled.
  • grief in geese
  • grief and depression in orphan elephants is a real phenomeno
  • It is unlikely that romantic love (or any emotion) first appeared in humans with no evolutionary precursors in animals
  • common brain systems and homologous chemicals underlying love that are shared among humans and animals
  • No one discipline will be able to answer all of the important questions that still need to be dealt with in the study of animal emotions
  • However, research that reduces and minimizes animal behavior and animal emotions to neural firings, muscle movements, and hormonal effects will not likely lead us significantly closer to an understanding of animal emotions.
  • All research involves leaps of faith from available data to the conclusions
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      What do you think about this sentence?
  • studies of the behavior of captive animals
  • Field work also can be problematic. It can be too uncontrolled to allow for reliable conclusions to be drawn.
  • behavior is primary; neural systems subserve behavior
  • Emotions are an integral part of human life, so why not for other animals?
  • in many instances, differences in degree rather than differences in kind.
Daryl Bambic

NIMH · Negative Valence Systems: Workshop Proceedings - 0 views

www.nimh.nih.gov/...ems-workshop-proceedings.shtml

nimh negative systems

shared by Daryl Bambic on 05 May 13 - No Cached
  • Responses to acute threat (Fear): Activation of the brain’s defensive motivational system to promote behaviors that protect the organism from perceived danger. Normal fear involves a pattern of adaptive responses to conditioned or unconditioned threat stimuli (exteroceptive or interoceptive). Fear can involve internal representations and cognitive processing, and can be modulated by a variety of factors.Responses to potential harm (Anxiety): Activation of a brain system in which harm may potentially occur but is distant, ambiguous, or low/uncertain in probability, characterized by a pattern of responses such as enhanced risk assessment (vigilance). These responses to low imminence threats are qualitatively different than the high imminence threat behaviors that characterize fear.Responses to sustained threat: An aversive emotional state caused by prolonged (i.e., weeks to months) exposure to internal and/or external condition(s), state(s), or stimuli that are adaptive to escape or avoid. The exposure may be actual or anticipated; the changes in affect, cognition, physiology, and behavior caused by sustained threat persist in the absence of the threat, and can be differentiated from those changes evoked by acute threat.Frustrative non-reward: Reactions elicited in response to withdrawal/prevention of reward, i.e., by the inability to obtain positive rewards following repeated or sustained efforts.Loss: A state of deprivation of a motivationally significant con-specific, object, or situation. Loss may be social or non-social and may include permanent or sustained loss of shelter, behavioral control, status, loved ones, or relationships. The response to loss may be episodic (e.g., grief) or sustained.
Lauren Ganze

How do we define "abnormal" behavior? - Kellevision - 0 views

www.kellevision.com/...what-is-normal.html

abnormal creativity behaviour psychology

shared by Lauren Ganze on 04 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Psychologists believe that a number of famous creative luminaries, including Vincent Van Gogh, Albert Einstein, Emily Dickinson and Isaac Newton, had schizotypal personalities.
  • How would this have affected their creativity? 
    • Lauren Ganze
      Lauren Ganze on 04 Apr 12
       
      Would've stifled their creativity and individual expressions.
  • David Icke
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • The professor suggested the following definition for identifying the point at which behaviors become "abnormal" and warrant psychological intervention:
  • When the client experiences the behavior as being problematic, or finds the behavior to be interfering with their functioning to the point they are unable to participate fully in their lives, as they define them.
  • 1) eat2) sleep3) interact with others as they wish to4) work, as they define it5) perform adequate self care, as they define it (i.e. hygiene, medical care)
  • Lauren Ganze on 04 Apr 12
     
    defining abnormal
Daryl Bambic

Smells Like Teen Synapses: A Look Inside Adolescent Brains and Behaviors - Knowing Neurons - 0 views

knowingneurons.com/...dolescent-brains-and-behaviors

shared by Daryl Bambic on 04 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • By puberty, the density of dendritic spines (small knobs which receive signals from axons) in the prefrontal cortex is two to three times greater compared to that of adults.
  • New synapses are either strengthened or eliminated based on an individual’s experiences.  Connections and pathways that are activated more frequently get reinforced and are more likely to remain through adulthood, while those accessed less frequently are lost across the teenage years.
  • prefrontal cortex (where much of this synaptic reorganization occurs) in supporting functions like problem solving, self-regulation, decision making, and long term planning, one can begin to see the implications for teenage behavior
Joe Inhaber

The Psychology of Music: Effects on Behavior, Intelligence, Learning, Pain and Health |... - 0 views

jennifercopley.suite101.com/the-psychology-of-music-a45967

shared by Joe Inhaber on 18 Mar 12 - No Cached
    • Joe Inhaber
      Joe Inhaber on 18 Mar 12
       
      Different kinds of music better of your intelligence than others, Mozart Better than Metal.
  • Merrill h
  • ad one group of mice listen to classical music 24 hours a day and another to heavy metal music. He then timed the mice as they ran through mazes to see if the music affected their speed of learning.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • In a second experiment, mice that listened to Mozart for 10 hours a day dramatically improved their maze-solving abilities, while the heavy metal mice actually became worse at solving mazes than they had been at the beginning of the experiment.
    • Joe Inhaber
      Joe Inhaber on 18 Mar 12
       
      Music Helps With Verbal Memory
  • intelligence test scores grew higher in children who took lessons in keyboarding or singing.
  • music lessons scored higher on tests of verbal memory than a control group of students without musical training.
  • classify words as violent or nonviolent, those who had listened to violent lyrics were more likely to ascribe aggressive meanings to words such as “rock” and “stick.”
  • link between youth violence and violent media, including music
  • professor James Gundlach found higher rates of suicide among those who listen to country music.
    • Joe Inhaber
      Joe Inhaber on 18 Mar 12
       
      Country Music Is bad
  • Joe Inhaber on 18 Mar 12
     
    Music Behavior
Daryl Bambic

NOVA | The Nurture of Nature - 1 views

www.pbs.org/...genes-behavior.html

behavior genetics 'nature nurture'

shared by Daryl Bambic on 15 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Harvard naturalist E. O. Wilson published his seminal Sociobiology in 1975. The book unleashed a heated debate over whether social behaviors such as altruism or aggression could have a genetic basis, a controversy that helped spur the now vigorous research into such mysteries.
  • Daryl Bambic on 15 Dec 11
     
    How genes influence behaviour; the beginning of sociobiology
Mason Brenhouse

HMS Press Release - Deciphering the teenage brain - 0 views

hms.harvard.edu/...080910_jensen.html

Brain adolescent psychology teens mooseblog

shared by Mason Brenhouse on 01 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • “Teens are in a discovery mode,” says Frances Jensen, MD, an HMS professor of neurology. “They’re experiencing new things, and their brains are developing accordingly. There’s simply a lot going on in their brains.”
  • The teenage brain matures from back to front. The posterior regions, especially those above the spinal column, are largely responsible for motor control. Their earlier maturation helps account for the quick acquisition of locomotion and other movement skills by young people. Maturation of many sensory regions also occurs early, enabling a growing person to learn from the surrounding world. The maturing of the forward regions of the brain, particularly the frontal lobe, doesn’t occur until late adolescence or early adulthood; some researchers say the region’s maturation may not be complete until age 30.
  • The ease of learning that most teens enjoy, however, can carry a steep cost: addiction. “The brain builds itself as it responds to experiences,” Jensen says. “With teens who experiment with drugs, this can result in addiction. It’s the same pattern as learning—we want more, more, more.”
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • The challenge for parents, educators, clinicians and others who deal with teenagers is to determine whether their exasperating behavior is just the stuff of growing up or whether their moodiness and lack of judgment are indicative of a larger, perhaps pathological, problem. Many mental disorders begin to manifest during adolescence, including schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and drug and alcohol abuse. “The key,” says Jensen, “is to be aware of what’s going on with your kids. Teens today are exposed to more stress than ever before, including drugs, alcohol, and violence. We all have to be mindful.”
  • Mason Brenhouse on 01 Feb 11
     
    This article was written by Scott Edwards of Harvard Medical School on the intricacies of the teen brain and what exactly is going on pertaining to the brain during adolescence. It states that throughout adolescence teens go through many drastic changes. Consequently, this development of the brain may not even be completely finished until the age of 30 in certain cases. It essentially gives the how and why to the volatile behavior that most teenagers acquire. 
alicia waid

The Man Who Shocked The World | Psychology Today - 4 views

www.psychologytoday.com/...the-man-who-shocked-the-world

Milgram stanley experiment obedience authority life education man world conformity university

shared by alicia waid on 01 May 13 - No Cached
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Brief summary of Stanley Milgram's life.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Explanation of Stanley Milgram's experiment on Obedience to Authority.
  • try to expose the external social forces that, though subtle, have surprisingly powerful effects on our behavior.
  • ...10 more annotations...
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Under the pressure of having someone "superior" to you, tell you to do something, most of the time, you do it even if you don't necessarily want to. 
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Milgram's experiment left everyone, even today, shocked.  It makes you think who people really are when put in different types of situations, and what kind of a world we live in too.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      More brief information about Milgram's studies and his early life.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      *Dissertation: A long essay on a particular subject, esp. one written as a requirement for the Doctor of Philosophy degree.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Important to note Milgram's interests here.  He shows more and more interest in conformity.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      *Conformity: Behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions or standards.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      More information on Milgram's studies and achievements. 
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Stanley was very interested in the Holocaust: How could people do such horrible things?  Because they were told?  The idea intrigued him which led to experiments.  These experiments consisted of how changing aspects of an experimental situation might alter subjects' willingness to obey.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Milgram's marriage and more information about his life and studies.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      Milgram's experiment has opened so many of our eyes'.  Although we knew we have a tendency to obey orders, we did not know to what depth we would go in order to obey those orders.  His experiment has forever enlightened us with a disturbing and harsh truth.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 01 May 13
       
      People, such as the U.S. Army have taken Milgram's experiment and has learnt from it.  The U.S. Army are making sure that anyone who is apart of their leadership team are leaders that will be aware of their authority and also their responsibilities (to make good decisions).
Marie-Lise Pagé

Clues to addiction | Harvard Gazette - 0 views

news.harvard.edu/...clues-to-addiction

addiction science

shared by Marie-Lise Pagé on 05 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • neurons in the brain interact to reinforce behaviors ranging from learning to drug use
  • prediction error has long been considered the product of dopamine neurons firing in response to an unexpected “reward,
  • reward prediction error is actually the product of a complex interplay between two classes of neuron
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 05 Mar 12
       
      Dopamine is not the only hormone having a role in the addiction.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • one that relies on dopamine
  • an inhibitory class of neurons that uses the neurotransmitter GABA.
  • GABA neurons
  • are inhibiting the dopamine neurons
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 05 Mar 12
       
      Both are working together to provoque the addiction.
  • GABA neurons help dopamine neurons calculate reward prediction error.
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 05 Mar 12
       
      ** Research more about the reward prediction error
  • it sheds new light on how behaviors can be reinforced,
  • many drugs, such as opioids and cannabinoids, target the GABA neurons,”
  • by inhibiting those GABA neurons, you can lose this feedback cycle, so you keep getting reinforcing signals from the dopamine neurons.
  • new theories or treatments for addiction.”
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 05 Mar 12
       
      Good to cure addiction and help many people but at the same time should we play with their body to get rid of their addiction?
  • Marie-Lise Pagé on 05 Mar 12
     
    The article talks about the reactions of neurons to addiction and a cure can be found.
Chanelle Miller

Stress Management - Academic Skills Center: Study Skills Library - Cal Poly, San Luis O... - 0 views

sas.calpoly.edu/...stressmanagement.html

stress

shared by Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • How Does Stress Affect You?
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      Psychological:  -Body produces hormones to fight harder or run faster. -Stress can cause heart disease due to the increase in blood pressure and tension that is put on the arteries. -Effects Your immune system therefore causing illnesses.
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      Psychological: -Lack of interaction and good decision making. -Stress can cause anxiety and depression
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      Behavioural: -Causes you to be excited or annoyed. -Takes part in the reason why people smoke, drink and laziness
  • What Causes Stress?
  • Academics
  • ...76 more annotations...
  • Dating
  • Environment
  • Extracurricular
  • Peers
  • Time Management
  • Money
  • Parents
  • pressure of not failing.
  • relationship problems may add to the pressure/stress of academics.
  • viewing heated topics, slow moving traffic, trying to find a parking spot, etc.
  • extracurricular activities a part of their daily routine
  • pressure that is negatively influenced.
  • peer pressure
  • not knowing how to plan and execute daily activities
  • Money is a huge stressor that college students face.
  • Pressure from parents to succeed
  • Method for Identifying the Causes of Stress
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      To help manage your stress first you must identify what's causing your stress. Then, List and prioritize the sources of stress to help overcome and mange your stress level. Crating a management plan and keeping a stress journal would also help!
  • Stress Management Strategies
  • Learn how to say “NO!”
  • Attitude
  • Laugh
  • Avoid alcohol and cigarettes
  • Healthy eating
  • Exercise
  • Relaxing your mind and body
  • Sleep
  • Healthy relationships
  • Time management
  • Organization
  • Budget
  • Spirituality
  • Determine your learning style
  • Slow Down
  • Find a support system
  • Make changes in your surroundings
  • Delegate responsibilities
  • know your limits and do not compromise them.
  • Thinking rationally can take you a long way.
  • it is human nature to want to freak out.
  • Do something that you enjoy,
  • If you are feeling upset, express your feelings.
  • Once the chemical leave your body, you are back to feeling stressed and you are probably worse off than when you started.
  • Eat at least one hot-home cooked meal a day
  • Exercise for 30 minutes a day for at least 3 times per week.
  • physical activities can help you in not only burning off calories, but burning off stress. Exercise helps release tension.
  • take deep breaths
  • alone time”
  • focusing your attention on the present moment.
  • Avoid taking naps for more than 1 hour.
  • at least 7 hours of sleep
  • talk and hang out with friends. Find some you relate to and with whom you can share your problems with.
  • create a schedule, or even a to-do list.
  • Mark down your class meeting times, study time for a specific subject, mealtimes, fun activities, and sleep.
  • learn how to organize your notes, keep track of your assignments and note important due dates or date of exams. Establish your priorities for the day.
  • Distribute your money according to the bills you need to pay for the quarter
  • finding meaning in your life, the ability to connect with others.
  • find out whether you are a visual, auditory or kinesthetic learner.
  • Take your time so that you can ensure a well done job.
  • find someone you feel comfortable sharing your feelings with.
  • try moving to a place where there is no loud music, and brighter lights.
  • dividing up the work or responsibilities helps alleviate pressure and stress.
  • response to a demand
  • brain recognizes a threat.
  • your body releases hormones that activate your “fight or flight” response.
  • Physiological
  • hormones help you to either fight harder or run faster. They increase heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating.
  • heart disease.
  • increase in heart rate and blood pressure, prolonged stress increases the tension that is put on the arteries.
  • immune system
  • cold and flu illness
  • Behavioral
  • jumpy, excitable, or even irritable.
  • drink or smoke heavily, neglect exercise or proper nutrition, or overuse either the television or the computer.
  • Psychological
  • decrease your ability to work or interact effectively with other people, and be less able to make good decisions.
  • anxiety and depression.
courtney galli

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE CULT EXPERIENCE - NYTimes.com - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...gy-of-the-cult-experience.html

shared by courtney galli on 01 May 13 - No Cached
  • negative characteristics exhibited by the former cult members studied, said Dr. Clark, are depression, guilt, fear, paranoia, slow speech, rigidity of facial expression and body posture, indifference to physical appearance, passivity and memory impairment.
  • The techniques of many cults fall under the general rubric of brainwashing
  • Dr. Singer, ''cult leaders and their trainers exert a systematic social influence that can produce great behavioral changes.''
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • 'have taken techniques from the human-potential movement, from the encounter, sensitivitytraining and humanistic-psychology movements, and combined them with cult ideology and persuasive sales methods - and packaged them in various combinations.''
  • nationally is variously estimated at 300,000 to three million.
  • Dr. Singer estimates that there are 2,500 to 3,000 cults in the United States
  • United
  • Dr. Singer estimates that there are 2,500 to 3,000 cults in the United States
  • Whether or not a cult is destructive is determined by the morality of the cult leader and the nature of the leader's charismatic dream,
  • Not all cults are destructive, the researchers said, and many of those who join and remain in cults do so out of a sincere quest for religious connection.
  • Dr. Cath defined a cult as a group of people joined together by a common ideological system fostered by a charismatic leader
    • courtney galli
      courtney galli on 01 May 13
       
      Temporal lobe epilepsy is a form of focal epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures.
  • ''the expectation is that they can transcend the imperfections and finitude of life.''
  • ''Often they set up a we-they philosophy: We have the truth and you do not.
  • ''Under the force of the conversion experience, people disappeared from their families and changed, sometimes after only a few days.''
  • More are male than female.
  • involves a vulnerable person
  • ''Cult recruiters frequent bus stations, airports, campuses, libraries, rallies, anywhere that unattached persons are likely to be passing through,''
  • Dr. Cath defined a cult as a group of people joined together by a common ideological system fostered by a charismatic leader
  • The symptoms of temporal lobe epilepsy,'' said Dr. Clark, ''are similar to those seen or reported as resulting from cult conversions: increased irritability, loss of libido or altered sexual interest; ritualism, compulsive attention to detail, mystical states, humorlessness and sobriety, heightened paranoia.''
  • Dr. Cath said: ''Keeping devotees constantly fatigued, deprived of sensory input and suffering protein deprivation, working extremely long hours in street solicitation or in cult-owned businesses, engaging in monotonous chanting and rhythmical singing, may induce psychophysiological changes in the brain. The rhythmical movement of the body can lead to altered states of consciousness, and changes in the pressure or vibration pattern of the brain may affect the temporal lobe.''
  • ''cult-conversion syndrome'' represents an overload of the brain's ability to process information.
gillian baron-goodman

The Unconscious Mind - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2440575

psychology mind brain unconscious

shared by gillian baron-goodman on 01 May 13 - No Cached
  • The unconscious mind is still viewed by many psychological scientists as the shadow of a “real” conscious mind
  • unconscious is not identifiably less flexible, complex, controlling, deliberative, or action-oriented than is its counterpart.
  • traditionally defined the unconscious in terms of its unintentional nature; this research has demonstrated the existence of several independent unconscious behavioral guidance systems: perceptual, evaluative, and motivational.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • unconscious as the primary guiding influence over daily life, even today, is more specific and detailed than any to be found in contemporary cognitive or social psychology
  • unconscious relative to conscious modes of information processing largely depends on how one defines the unconscious
Daryl Bambic

The two kinds of stories we tell about ourselves | - 0 views

ideas.ted.com/tories-we-tell-about-ourselves

#twitter narrative

shared by Daryl Bambic on 14 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • Our identities and experiences are constantly shifting
  • disparate pieces of our lives and placing them together into a narrative, we create a unified whole that allows us to understand our lives as coherent — and coherence, psychologists say, is a key source of meaning
  • narrative identity as an internalized story you create about yourself
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • divide their lives into chapters and to recount key scenes, such as a high point, a low point, a turning point or an early memory
  • interesting patterns
  • driven to contribute to society and to future generations, he found, are more likely to tell redemptive stories about their lives, or stories that transition from bad to good.
  • contamination story
  • less “generative,” or less driven to contribute to society and younger generations. They also tend to be more anxious and depressed
  • defined by growth, communion and agency.
  • edit, revise and interpret the stories we tell about our lives even as we are constrained by the facts
  • psychotherapist’s job is to work with patients to rewrite their stories in a more positive way.
  • this form of therapy is as effective as antidepressants or cognitive behavioral therapy.
Daryl Bambic

Take The ACE Quiz - And Learn What It Does And Doesn't Mean : Shots - Health News : NPR - 0 views

www.npr.org/...n-what-it-does-and-doesnt-mean

psychology ACE trauma childhood

shared by Daryl Bambic on 18 Feb 17 - No Cached
  • Remember this, too: ACE scores don't tally the positive experiences in early life that can help build resilience and protect a child from the effects of trauma. Having a grandparent who loves you, a teacher who understands and believes in you, or a trusted friend you can confide in may mitigate the long-term effects of early trauma, psychologists say
  • Resilience, he says, builds throughout life, and close relationships are key
  • nightmares
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • recurring thoughts
  • re-enact the trauma
  • distracted or withdrawn.
  • ometimes misdiagnosed as symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,
  • difficulty in regulating emotions and behavior,"
  • secure attachments with caring adults.
Emilie L

Narcissistic Personality Disorder - 0 views

www.psychologytoday.com/...cissistic-personality-disorder

shared by Emilie L on 02 Apr 12 - Cached
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder generally believe that the world revolves around them.
  • This condition is characterized by a lack of ability to empathize with others and a desire to keep the focus on themselves at all times.
    • Emilie L
      Emilie L on 02 Apr 12
       
      Just like serial killers; like of empathy for others
  • cocky, self-centered, manipulative, and demanding.
    • Emilie L
      Emilie L on 02 Apr 12
       
      personality traits that describe a narcissist (but what makes them differ from someone who is just egotistical?) 
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder involves arrogant behavior, a lack of empathy for other people, and a need for admiration-all of which must be consistently evident at work and in relationships.
  • high self-esteem are often humble
  • Related personality traits include: Psychopathy, Machiavellianism.
  • Narcissists tend to have high self-esteem
  • oncentrate on unlikely personal outcomes (e.g., fame) and may be convinced that they deserve special treatmen
  • whereas narcissists rarely are
    • Emilie L
      Emilie L on 02 Apr 12
       
      lack of humility = lack of empathy = comes of as a jerk, the world revolves around me na na na
  • latest evidence indicates that narcissists are actually secure or grandiose at both levels
  • tend to be defensive
  • The sometimes dangerous lifestyle may more generally reflect sensation-seeking or impulsivity (e.g., risky sex, bold financial decisions).
    • Emilie L
      Emilie L on 02 Apr 12
       
      Like men who like messing around with different women; could be the lack of empathy that drives them to not care about the women's emotions once they 'hit it and quit it'... maybe some boys are not necessarily just jerks, but their brains have developed? to be narcissistic and thus get around the block... could be the same for women who enjoy fame and or money
  • Emilie L on 02 Apr 12
     
    general description of narcissim- a good article to read as a 'start' to the subject. Reliability: very popular website, editors+writers from the site have educational background, REAL LIFE MAGAZINE (seems convincing enough to me)
Chrissy Le

Harvard Education Letter - 2 views

www.hepg.org/524

leadership research 21stCenturySkills

shared by Chrissy Le on 03 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • Behaviors like embracing novel experiences, supporting peers, even pestering parents for lessons can predict whether a child will emerge as a leader in adulthood, according to researchers who say they are the first to plot a pathway from childhood experiences to adult leadership.
  • new studies use longitudinal data
  • relative importance of factors such as the role of parents, inner motivational drive, intelligence, childhood social skills, and personality traits like extroversion
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • 106 subjects
  • one through age 29
  • everyday” leaders
  • “taking on the role of and engaging in the process of influencing others toward a common endeavor, goal or cause, regardless of designated formal position.
  • Researchers met with the children (and parents) twice a year for the first four years, then once a year through age 17 and once at 24 and again at 29.
  • 20 for each child
  • 18,000 variables
  • hat children as young as two reveal temperaments that predict for later leadership
  • novel situation
  • more extroverted, socially engaging and become everyday leaders.”
  • children who placed the most demands on teachers and parents to join or do activities were more likely to be leaders as adults.
  • quest to acquire new skills and knowledge
  • invested in and committed
  • parent’s support i
  • stronger motivation trumped higher IQ
  • She says the study offers a strong argument for schools “to do things fundamentally differently.
  • Carol S. Dweck
  • growth mindset
  • schools place such heavy emphasis on extrinsic rewards like test scores and classroom prizes that they risk stifling development of students’ inner drive.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 03 Feb 12
       
      What do you think?  Do you agree with this statement about schools reinforcing the extrinsic reward system?
    • Emilie L
      Emilie L on 07 Feb 12
       
      (after researching what "extrinsic" meant..) I agree with what Dweck and Adele Gottfriend observed- that we focus/reinforce exterior rewards like grades so greatly that students are at risk of losing their inner motivation. I think that especially in our youth we focus a lot numerical values like test scores and especially money (which, in the long run really do make up our future) so much, that we lack having motivation in what we truly want to do with ourselves. For example, at WIC, marks are a huge deal- however lets say, a top A student truly desires to become a photographer, yet, at school he or she is so convinced that they must do well within the 'extrinsic rewards' that they loose their passion. This isn't to say that it's a bad thing, but I think that often times who we are "meant to be" is diminished/over-shadowed by what society(SCHOOL) tells us we should do and focus on.
    • Julian Pendenza
      Julian Pendenza on 07 Feb 12
       
      I do agree with this statement due to the fact that kids today have a lot of pressure and feel the need to get good marks, only because schools put heavy emphasis on it, and not because they are motivated. People have to realize that school is not just about getting good grades, but also it is about finding yourself and seeing what you would like to do in the future.
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 08 Feb 12
       
      I agree that teens focus a lot on their marks and that they don't take the time to get invovle in after school's activities. Because they need to have good marks to go to College, they have so much pressure to be one of the best students and that prevents them to show their leadership by being in charge of some activities in their school or in the community. Also, the marks give them an idea of how good they are at something and it makes them proud and they know it will help them for the future because it will be easier to get accepted in Cegep. However, when they get involve in an activity the reward is not numerical so they don't know that it will help them in the future.
    • Matthew Schaffer
      Matthew Schaffer on 08 Feb 12
       
      I do agree, I think schools want students to be academicaly knowledgable that they forget about the "street smarts" as we say. However, not all schools do this. Schools like WIC have a huge variety of E.C.A's that we can also get rewarded for. There is the new tie that shows how good of an athelete you are. SOme schools are taking the step up, however it is true that most schools look to closely into the academics of a child and not into their personality.
    • Ally Talarico
      Ally Talarico on 08 Feb 12
       
      I do not agree with this statement. I think that the reward system teaches discipline. It teaches that if you want good marks and you want to succeed, you must work hard by putting time and effort into your school books. Much of the time, we are graded on creativity but in some cases like Math class, a teacher cannot give a grade on the growth of one's mindset when the answer is not subjective. The grading system is not broken, so why are we trying to fix it? In my opinion, I think this is just another psychological fad like many. 
    • mauromongiat
      mauromongiat on 08 Feb 12
       
      I do agree that schools put a lot of emphasis on grades and that our educational system is based on students getting better grades. Schools focus too much on the grades of each student. To be able to succeed in a career two things must be achieved the intelligence or knowledge and the ambition for success. In our schools we cannot only teach one part of the road to success, we must also encourage students to follow in what they want and to dedicate everything to it. With motivation and the drive to succeed people can achieve almost anything and we must teach that being motivated for a subject is better than having the smarts for it. Success comes with motivation and perseverance without them there is no way you can become successful. 
    • Camil Darwiche
      Camil Darwiche on 08 Feb 12
       
      Personally, I don't agree with schools putting such emphasis on marks. But I can see where they are coming from. Later in life (cegep, university, etc.), students will be based on marks and not on enthusiasm or how they organize extra curricular activities. High school is supposed to prepare you for cegep and university. On the other hand, if all levels of schooling (from elementary school to university) were not based on extrinsic reward systems, there would be many more visionaries and independent workers coming out of school.
    • michelle tappert
      michelle tappert on 08 Feb 12
       
      I agree with this statement because in my opinion, youth these days are focused on grades and numbers as motivation when we should be focusing on the reasons why we want to succeed. The reason why we focus on this is because of the influence for school but it has nothing to do with the fact that they are motivated. I believe that schools put too much emphasis on being "book smart" which is evidentially a good thing but they don't realize that that knowledge is only useful if they teach "street smarts" as well. It is important to be book smart and know all the facts but for kids to be motivated, they need to relate it to real life which is where the motivation should come from. 
    • Lauren Ganze
      Lauren Ganze on 08 Feb 12
       
      I concur with the previous answers: schools tend to focus on pure knowledge and rewarding those who regurgitate memorized facts. The educational system usually ends up ignoring those who step up and try to use this knowledge, or dissuading them by giving them low marks and negative feedback until they conform to the system. We impress certain ideals and behaviours into children, and of this group of values, nourishing leadership is excluded in favour of teaching kids how to follow and how to work for immediate, physical rewards.
    • Julian Posteraro
      Julian Posteraro on 08 Feb 12
       
      Yes I agree with this statement. The grading system holds back students from being open with their thoughts compared to what the teachers want them to think. Students should have freedom which would help them be more open minded. After school activities and natural intelligence are aspects that students can be good at outside of the classrooms. Success is based not only on grades, but on ambition, determination and perseverance also. 
    • Eli Michon
      Eli Michon on 08 Feb 12
       
      I disagree. I believe that too much pressure on marks, awards, etc. leaves way too much pressure on the students. Being a student, I have experienced this many times and it can be quite unhealthy because stress is not a good thing for the mind or for the body.  -Eli Michon
    • Giuliano Musacchio
      Giuliano Musacchio on 08 Feb 12
       
      I believe that this statement is true, we are free spirits, we should be able to think like free spirit students and have our own freedom! By taking initiative they are becoming leaders in their own way. Expressing yourself and following your thoughts is a huge part of today's society. What will our world be without students who can learn to eventually become leaders?
    • kelsey sazant
      kelsey sazant on 08 Feb 12
       
      I believe that schools rightfully put a large amount of emphasis on the academic results however this doesn't mean the other domains should be left behind. Grades and academic achievements are very important and schools should make this their main focus. This being said, I do feel as if most schools forget about the other aspects of an education. Schools should be able to cater to and identify with all of their students meaning that someone who isn't labeled as "smart" can still feel appreciated. Just because someone isn't academically gifted doesn't mean that they can not be successful. I think schools should reward their students for other things then just brain capacity. I think West Island College does a good job of that. Not only do we mark effort but we go as far as to commend students on various athletic skills, public speaking, helping the community (interact or green and grey). I think WIC does a good job of focusing on the well rounded student rather then just the one dimensional "genius" that most schools put up on a pedestal. As Albert Einstein once said "Everybody is  genius but if you judge a fish by it's ability to climb a tree, it will live it's whole life believing that it is stupid."
    • Chrissy Le
      Chrissy Le on 08 Feb 12
       
      I completely agree that this is the method that most schools use. A lot of emphasis is placed on extrinsic rewards in the educational system. I believe that this is a negative thing to do because students then lack inner motivation. They no longer want to do things for themselves, and more for the satisfaction of pleasing others, or receiving a high test score. Even though receiving a high test score might seem like a goal they want to pursue it's not truly for themselves, it is to please someone else.
  • rich variety of experiences and give students choices
  • take charge of their own learning
  • ‘make or break skills’ that come on top of the three Rs
    • Jordyn Shell
      Jordyn Shell on 04 Feb 12
       
      I believe that the student is more likely to become a community leader because of the fact they they "choose" to do all this extra work, they're not being forced too. They're taking a choice to help others and inspire others. That's LEADERSHIP! When they say "children who placed the most demands on teachers and parents to join or do activities were more likely to be leaders as adults", that pretty much sums up my point exactly. I believe that those students are more likely to become leaders because they are taking such initiative now, it will only impact them positively in the future to do more!
    • Joe Inhaber
      Joe Inhaber on 08 Feb 12
       
      I believe that a students desire to partake in schooling events, and acting as a leader is extriemly personal to the student. I think that students, as well as teenagers and children can develop leader ship skills, and the fact that it is to be rewarded in schools is in my opinion wrong. There is a variety of kids, that find themselfs in the role of "leader" in many situations other than in school. I think that in rewarding kids to become leaders, we are further removing their individuality, witch in my opinion is alredy being taken away through means adapted by our society.
    • vanessa parent
      vanessa parent on 08 Feb 12
       
       I believe that leadership is not something that is taught but rather a personality trait that is developed by the individual themselves (as it said in the article, some children as young as two can have behaviours that may lead to the skills of a good leader). Some are born to be leaders, they have it in them to encourage, to motivate and positively influence others around them. People who demonstrate this features should definitely be encouraged by parents and by their school to develop these skills because if they start young and keep these habits they will most likely carry them through their whole lives. However i also think as jordyn said above, a good leader is someone who wants to take the initiative to partake in extra work or activities, not someone who is forced to do it. 
Giuliano Musacchio

Psychopathy: A misunderstood personality disorder - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...111207133055.htm

shared by Giuliano Musacchio on 01 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • "Psychopathy has long been assumed to be a single personality disorder. However, there is increasing evidence that it is a confluence of several different personality traits,"
  • Many psychologists also assume that psychopathy is inalterable -- once a psychopath, always a psychopath.
  • Recent empirical work suggests that youth and adults with high scores on measures of psychopathy can show reduced violent and other criminal behavior after intensive treatment.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • psychopathy appears to be a complex, multifaceted condition marked by blends of personality traits reflecting differing levels of disinhibition, boldness, and meanness.
  • "psychopaths" do not appear different in kind from other people, or inalterably dangerous,"
  • "In short, research on psychopathy has evolved to a level that it can greatly improve on the current, 'one size fits all' policy approach,"
    • Giuliano Musacchio
      Giuliano Musacchio on 01 Mar 12
       
      I believe this article can be useful during my research because it specifies that psychopaths are normally categorized the same way, but this can give us a different opinion and how they really are. As the author states, many people interpret this the wrong way, and these people are often misunderstood.  This website seems credible because, the last time it has been updated was today, so it is used frequently. ScienceDaily is one of the Internet's most popular science news web sites. Since starting in 1995, the award-winning site has earned the loyalty of students, researchers, healthcare professionals, government agencies, educators and the general public around the world. Also the editorial staff is qualified and specified. 
Marie-Lise Pagé

Addicts' Brains May Be Wired At Birth For Less Self-Control : Shots - Health Blog : NPR - 2 views

www.npr.org/...at-birth-for-less-self-control

addiction brains

shared by Marie-Lise Pagé on 05 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • inherit a brain that has trouble
  • ocaine addicts have abnormalities in areas of the brain involved in self-control.
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 05 Mar 12
       
      It's the part in the brain that controls self-control that causes addiction.
  • predate
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • both siblings had brains unlike those of typical people
  • longer for a "stop" message to get through.
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 05 Mar 12
       
      Maybe that's why it takes time for people to get over their addiction or they easily give in to peer pressure.
  • different parts of the brain were less efficient in both,"
  • took longer than a typical person to respond to a signal telling them to stop performing a task.
  • less self-control.
  • siblings without drug problems also had impaired self-control offers strong evidence that these brain abnormalities are inherited,
  • "How do they manage with an abnormal brain without taking drugs?"
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 05 Mar 12
       
      That's the part i don't understand to the study... try research more on this.
  • Self-control and the ability to regulate your emotions
  • allows us to succeed,
  • the part of the brain that decides whether to take a drug is also the part that helps us decide whether to speed through a yellow light or drop out of school,
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 05 Mar 12
       
      Maybe that's the answer to the question in green, instead of being drugs it's minor decisions like that.
  • mpulse control is also central to behaviors like compulsive gambling and compulsive eating, she says.
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 05 Mar 12
       
      Other examples of addiction behaviours.
  • help researchers figure out how to help susceptible people strengthen their self-control,
  • Predetermination is not predestination,
    • Marie-Lise Pagé
      Marie-Lise Pagé on 05 Mar 12
       
      ** Research the meaning of this quote.
  • Marie-Lise Pagé on 05 Mar 12
     
    This site explains what the brain looks like when someone is addicted.
jordana levine

Blame the Brain for Typical Teenage Behavior - 0 views

www.netwellness.uc.edu/...teenagers.cfm

shared by jordana levine on 01 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • jordana levine on 01 Feb 11
     
    This articles explains how the teenage brain functions and develops and the ways that brain activity often manifests itself. It explains how teenagers rely primarily on the "amygdala" and the consequences of this fact. It also gives advice to parents on how to deal with their teenagers' irrational behaviour due to the stage that their brain is at.
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