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maureennompumelelo1

Henry Morton Stanley Circumnavigates Africa's Lake Victoria and Explores the Entire Len... - 5 views

NM MABUZA 222121134

shared by maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • the first person to travel and record the entire length of the Congo River. Stanley was also the first European to circumnavigate Lake Victoria (/places/africa/african-physicalgeography/lake-victoria) and the man responsible for opening parts of central Africa to transportation
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Stanley was the first explorer to measure the Congo River length, travel to Lake Victoria and responsible for making transportation paths in Central Africa.
  • In 1795 Scottish physician Mungo Park (/people/history/explorers-travelers-and-conquerorsbiographies/mungo-park) (1771-1806) explored the Niger River and first spoke of the immensity of the Congo, which he assumed originated from a large lake in the center of Africa.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      After exploring the Niger River, Mungo started praising the large size of the Congo River and even thought that it had derived from a big lake situated in Central Africa.
  • By 1836, when more than 10 million Africans had already been shipped out of their homeland as slaves, the major European powers declared slave trading illegal and thus removed a large commercial interest in African exploration. This shifted the focus of exploration to geographical science and Christian missionary work
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Superiors in Europe viewed slavery as an unlawful activity which led them into abandoning the mission of exploring Africa and focused on Christianity.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • Henry Morton Stanley's first African expedition was in 1871, on assignment for The New York (/places/united-states-and-canada/us-political-geography/new-york) Herald to find Livingstone, who was assumed dead. Stanley's famous question upon finding him, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" made Stanley a household name in the explorer frenzy that followed Livingstone's journeys. Although not a scientist, Stanley was sent back out to answer the geographic questions left following Livingstone's death in 1873. Among these, Stanley set out in 1874 to circumnavigate the enormous Lake Victoria to see if it was a single body of water, and—more importantly—to see if it was the much-sought-after source of the Nile River. Stanley also planned to circumnavigate Lake Tanganyika (/places/africa/african-physical-geography/laketanganyika), to see if it was the source of the Nile, as Burton had suggested. Finally, Stanley planned to finish Livingstone's work of mapping the Lualaba River. Livingstone had theorized that the Lualaba, which flowed from Lake Bangweolo, was quite possibly the Nile itself. (Others thought that the Lualaba was the same as the Congo River, not the Nile.)
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Stanley went on a journey in search of Livingstone whom was thought to be dead. He also discovered that Lake Victoria had a single outlet that drained into the Nile River through the Rippon Falls and Lake Albert. Moreover, he also discovered the measurements Luaba River.
  • British missionary David Livingstone (/people/history/explorers-travelers-and-conquerorsbiographies/david-livingstone) (1813-1873), while partly on a quest to seek the elusive source of the Nile, discovered the Zambezi River and Victoria Falls (/places/africa/african-physicalgeography/victoria-falls). Livingstone's expedition went on to discover parts of the main network of Africa's largest rivers, including the Congo, but his work remained unfinished, leaving many questions that Stanley would soon answer.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Although Livingstone had discovered many rivers he left his mission of discovering the river that supplied the Nile unconcluded which was later finished by Stanley.
  • Richard Francis Burton (1821-1890) and John Hanning Speke (/people/history/explorers-travelers-and-conquerors-biographies/john-hanning-speke) (18271864) explored part of Lake Victoria and a section of the Nile, and theorized that either Victoria or Lake Tanganyika (/places/africa/african-physical-geography/lake-tanganyika), southwest of Victoria, was the river's source
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      These two explorers discovered a part of Lake Victoria and Nile River and from their theory made a conclusion that the rivers that supplied the Nile River was the Victoria Lake if not Tanganyika.
  • It took four months for Stanley to meet the banks of Tanganyika, but he circumnavigated it successfully in 51 days.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Although Stanley had spent 4 months before reaching the ground at the edge of Tanganyika, he was able sail around the lake within 51 days.
  • Verney Lovett
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This was an explorer from Britain whose quest was to discover the main source of the Congo River.
  • The Congo, as Stanley had now surmised that the Lualaba and the Congo were the same river, would have nearly 200 miles (320 km) of the most severe rapids he would encounter.
  • Stanley's journey also concluded what we know about the character of the Congo River: from its source, just south of Lake Tanganyika, the river begins as the Lualaba, heads southwestward to Lake Bangweolo, then turns north to the Zambia/Zaire border to Lake Mweru, where it becomes the Congo. The mighty river crosses the equator twice, placing it in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. After 3,000 miles (4,800 km) of a wild path through extreme landscapes, it reaches the Atlantic Ocean.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Because of Stanley's exploration we are now aware about the river that supplies the Congo River and its paths where it flows until its gets to the Atlantic Ocean.
maureennompumelelo1

Recent explorations in the territories of the African Lakes Company.pdf - 5 views

NM MABUZA 222121134

shared by maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • I know that this and other longitudes were determined chronometrically, and are depended upon Blantyre being in long. 34 ° 56' 30" E.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Longitudes which are imaginary lines dividing the earth and measuring the distance. These lines are measured in degrees, minutes and seconds. The explorers dictated many longitudes in a chronometric way which is the art of measuring time accurately.
  • O'Neill's most careful observations at Blantyre have shifted that place 7' 24" to the east (to 35 ° 3' 54" E.), all Mr. Stewart's chronometric observa- tions have to be shifted to the same extent, and hence I have not hesitated in placing Karonga in long. 33 ° 57' 24" E.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      The explorers had the ability to modify all the longitudes of places since they were the ones who came up with them.
  • 2. A sketch of the road from Tanganyika to Nyassa, June 17 to July 12, 1884, by Mr. E. C. Here. Mr. Here spent 96½ hours on the march, and estimates the distance at 268 English miles. He gives no bearings. 3. MS. notes on the route from Lake Nyassa to the Tanganyika, by Mr. Fred. Moir. Total distance, 231 miles. 4. Lieut. Wissmann's map of his route from Lake Tanganyika to Lake Nyassa, May 12 to June 1, 1887. Scale, 1:927,554. Distance, as measured on the map, 260 English miles.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This shows that the distance measured by the three different explorers between Lake Tanganyika and Lake Nyassa is not equal because each explorer measured the distance as per the hours they spent on the journey and on the route they took.
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • Not a single observation for latitude appears to have been made between Kirenji and the Tanganyika, although this country has been traversed very many times by European travellers.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Although many travelers from Europe had crossed Africa, but neither of them has determined the latitude between Kirenji and Tanganyika. Latitude-this is the angular distance of a place , north or south of the earth's equator and is usually measured in degrees and minutes. Unlike the longitudes, it does not include the seconds in its measurements.
  • , has been laid down from a rough Ms. map prepared by the traveller. Mr. Moir, in a note written on the face of his map in 1883, states that Mom- bera's is laid down from actual observations made at that place in let. 11 ° 37' S., and 30 ° 50' 30" E. ; that Mr. Stewart and himself subse- quently took lunars at the place, the result agreeing within a few miles.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      The longitude and latitude measures of Loangwa valley were determined by Mr. Moir and Mr. Steward by t5he moon's revolution in the year 1879. Lunars-of relating to, or resembling the moon.
  • at night, on the 19th, they camped close to Kambomba's town, which lies at the foot of the hills, immediately to the west of Mount Parasinga. There are between four and five hundred huts, and many sheep, but n~> cattle, as the tsetse abounds in the Loangwa valley.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      The travelers discovered that in this area there were many people residing but they all kept sheep and no cattle since there were tsetse insects in the area. This might have been that the cattle had died after being bitten by the tsetse tsetse insects because they are the most prone animals to this parasites. Tsetse-this is a large biting fly found normally in the tropical Africa. They feed on the vertebrates blood and their role is to transmit diseases.
  • On the 15th the road led through a level country and past severn} villages, the inhabitants of which were armed with bows and poisoned arrows.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This landmark explained above, led the travelers to a village of hunters who used bows and poisoned arrows as their hunting tools.
  • "pelele,"
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is a labret dummy worn in the upper lip by some native tribes in Africa.
  • Most of the villages are inhabited by Basenga. It then climbed the hills to the village of the chief Chifungwi, a little thin man,
  • wana Hill, where Arabs trading in slaves and ivory, have a station, lies within this district.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      People who lived in Bwana Hill traded slaves and ivory.
  • with a small head, who wore anklets and Bracelets of brass-wire and beads. His people are Wasingwa, but Mangamba and other villages belonging to him are inhabited by fugitives from Unyika, who fled from the dreaded Merere.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Still within the journey, the two travelers came across a chief headed village which included villagers who had fled from their origin villages fearing Merere.
  • Mombera to Kambomba, 27 h. 6 rain. 76"06 miles. Kambomba to Kirenji,. 41 ,, 22 ,, 112'59 ,, Kirenji to Karonga, 18 ,, 14 ,, 54"17 ,,
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      is is the time spent by the travelers on their journey from Mombera to Karonga.
  • The western shore of Lake Iqyassa is partly based upon information collected by Mr. Donald Munro during a land journey from Bandawe to Karonga (Aug. 18-30, 1884).
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Mr. Donald Munro discovered the Western shore of Lake Nyassa when he was travelling from Bandawe to Karonga.
  • The Luweya forms a small delta, enclosing two swampy islands, fringed along its lake shore by sand-banks about 600 feet wide, which are thickly covered with native huts, Ngombo's people occupying the southern, and Makambiro the northern island. The southern arm of the river (Lnweya-mufwa) leaves the main stream about 2 miles from the lake; it is 30 yards broad, 3 feet deep, and has a slow current. The dimensions of the main branch are similar, but its current is stronger. The northern arm (Chintechi) resembles a swamp rather than a river. The people who crowd the delta live in daily dread of the Mangone, against whom the swamps afford a certain measure of security. Their exhalations, on the other hand, are a source of much disease, and the many recently covered graves in the villages afford evidence of this.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      In this paragraph the measurements of the Luweya River in Malawi are stipulated and how people surrounding this area lived in fear of the Mongone disease.
  • The three rocky islands (" Chirwa," Chirupumbu, and another) in a broad bay to the north are crowded with huts, some of them upon piles. The adjoining mainland has a poor soil, notwithstanding which cassava i.~ cultivated, and food appears to be plentiful.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      These three specified islands mainly consists of rocks and their lands are mostly covered in huts and their soil does not have much nutrients to support plant growth but yet the cassava plant was grown there and many other food plants. Cassava-this is a nutty-flavored starchy, root vegetable used for tiredness, dehydration in people with diarrhea, sepsis, and to induce labor.
  • Leaving this bay, Mr. Munro climbed over steep hills, rising to a height of 1500 feet, and then returned to the lake, which he reached near a small bay dubiously called "Magwina" (" crocodile "). Wretched huts of fugitives cling to the hill- sides further to the north.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Munro also discovered the Magwina Lake where there were huts built closely together belonging to the people who had fled from their villages.
  • Patowtow is a beautiful little harbour, extending about half a mile inlaml, and bounded by steep hills. It affords excellent shelter.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Unlike the Magwina Lake huts, in this area Munro witnessed well-maintained houses.
  • Mr. M'Ewan left Bandawe on April 7, 1885, and, having been joined by Mr. Munro, started from Mombera's on April 14. The travellers eneamped on that day at the foot of the Kabo Rock---a mass of granite covering an area of 160 by 80 yards, and rising to a height of 80 feet. Mount Parasinga, a prominent peak, was clearly visible, bearing 269", and during the progress of the journey proved a valuable landmark.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      As these two specified travelers were travelling, they came across an important object marking the land boundary.
  • Five miles to
  • e north of it a river of similar dimensions, the Chiwetwi, enters the lake. The country hereabouts is well cultivated by people from the interior, who spend the rainy season until harvest time in temporary dwellings.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Mangone natives cultivated the land and lived in informal settlements during the rainy season until the harvesting period.
  • Ruali, the first village of Uchungu, stands upon the lake shore. Its houses and inhabitants contrast very favourably with what is to be seen among the Atonga to the south.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      From all the other shelters the travelers had seen along their journey, Ruali was the only place with even fine houses.
  • Commander Young
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is the explorer who discovered the full measurements of Lake Nyassa.
maureennompumelelo1

Recent explorations in the territories of the African Lakes Company.pdf - 4 views

NM MABUZA

shared by maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • I know that this and other longitudes were determined chronometrically, and are depended upon Blantyre being in long. 34 ° 56' 30" E.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Longitudes are the imaginary lines dividing the earth and measuring the distance. These lines are measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds. The explorers dictated many longitudes in a chronometric way which is the art of measuring time accurately.
  • Mr. O'Neill's most careful observations at Blantyre have shifted that place 7' 24" to the east (to 35 ° 3' 54" E.), all Mr. Stewart's chronometric observa- tions have to be shifted to the same extent, and hence I have not hesitated in placing Karonga in long. 33 ° 57' 24" E.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      The explorers had the abilities of modifying all the longitudes of places since they were the ones who came up with their measurements.
  • 2. A sketch of the road from Tanganyika to Nyassa, June 17 to July 12, 1884, by Mr. E. C. Here. Mr. Here spent 96½ hours on the march, and estimates the distance at 268 English miles. He gives no bearings. 3. MS. notes on the route from Lake Nyassa to the Tanganyika, by Mr. Fred. Moir. Total distance, 231 miles. 4. Lieut. Wissmann's map of his route from Lake Tanganyika to Lake Nyassa, May 12 to June 1, 1887. Scale, 1:927,554. Distance, as measured on the map, 260 English miles.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This shows that the distance measured by the three different explorers between Lake Tanganyika and Lake Nyassa is not equal because each explorer measured the distance as per the hours they spent on the journey and on the routes they took.
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • Not a single observation for latitude appears to have been made between Kirenji and the Tanganyika, although this country has been traversed very many times by European travellers.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Although many travelers from Europe crossed Africa, but neither of them has determined the latitude between Kirenji and Tanganyika.
  • latitude
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is the angular distance of a place, north or south of the earth's equator and its usually measured in degrees and minutes. Unlike the longitudes, latitudes do not include the seconds in their measurements.
  • Mr. Moir, in a note written on the face of his map in 1883, states that Mom- bera's is laid down from actual observations made at that place in let. 11 ° 37' S., and 30 ° 50' 30" E. ; that Mr. Stewart and himself subse- quently took lunars at the place, the result agreeing within a few miles.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      The longitude and latitude measures of Loangwa valley was determined by Mr. Moir and Mr. Steward by the moon's revolution in the year 1879. Lunars-of relating to, or resembling the moon.
  • with a small head, who wore anklets and Bracelets of brass-wire and beads. His people are Wasingwa, but Mangamba and other villages belonging to him are inhabited by fugitives from Unyika, who fled from the dreaded Merere.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Still travelling, the two travelers came across a chief headed village which included villagers who had fled from their own villages.
  • On the 15th the road led through a level country and past severn} villages, the inhabitants of which were armed with bows and poisoned arrows.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This landmark explained above, led the two travelers in a village of hunters who used bows and poisoned arrows as their hunting tools.
  • "pelele,"
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is a labret dummy worn in the upper lip by some native tribes in Afruica.
  • at night, on the 19th, they camped close to Kambomba's town, which lies at the foot of the hills, immediately to the west of Mount Parasinga. There are between four and five hundred huts, and many sheep, but n~> cattle, as the tsetse abounds in the Loangwa valley.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      As the travelers were camping nearby Kambomba's town they discovered that in this area there were many people who resided there, but they all kept sheep and no cattle since there were tsetse insects in the area. This might have been that the cattle had all died from the tsetse insect bites because they are the most prone animals to these parasites. tsetse-this is a large bittng fly found mostly in the tropical Africa. They feed on the vertebrates blood and their role is to transmit diseases.
  • It then climbed the hills to the village of the chief Chifungwi, a little thin man,
  • Mr. M'Ewan left Bandawe on April 7, 1885, and, having been joined by Mr. Munro, started from Mombera's on April 14. The travellers eneamped on that day at the foot of the Kabo Rock---a mass of granite covering an area of 160 by 80 yards, and rising to a height of 80 feet. Mount Parasinga, a prominent peak, was clearly visible, bearing 269", and during the progress of the journey proved a valuable landmark.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      As these two specified travelers were travelling, they came across an important object marking the land boundary.
  • Mombera to Kambomba, 27 h. 6 rain. 76"06 miles. Kambomba to Kirenji,. 41 ,, 22 ,, 112'59 ,, Kirenji to Karonga, 18 ,, 14 ,, 54"17 ,,
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is the time spent by the travelers on their journey from Mombera to Karonga.
  • The western shore of Lake Iqyassa is partly based upon information collected by Mr. Donald Munro during a land journey from Bandawe to Karonga (Aug. 18-30, 1884).
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Mr. Donald Munro discovered the western shore of Lake Nyassa when he was travelling from Bandawe to Karonga.
  • The Luweya forms a small delta, enclosing two swampy islands, fringed along its lake shore by sand-banks about 600 feet wide, which are thickly covered with native huts, Ngombo's people occupying the southern, and Makambiro the northern island. The southern arm of the river (Lnweya-mufwa) leaves the main stream about 2 miles from the lake; it is 30 yards broad, 3 feet deep, and has a slow current. The dimensions of the main branch are similar, but its current is stronger. The northern arm (Chintechi) resembles a swamp rather than a river. The people who crowd the delta live in daily dread of the Mangone, against whom the swamps afford a certain measure of security. Their exhalations, on the other hand, are a source of much disease, and the many recently covered graves in the villages afford evidence of this.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      In this paragraph the measurements of the Luweya River are stipulated and it also explains how the people surrounding this area lived in fear of the Mangone disease.
  • The three rocky islands (" Chirwa," Chirupumbu, and another) in a broad bay to the north are crowded with huts, some of them upon piles. The adjoining mainland has a poor soil, notwithstanding which cassava i.~ cultivated, and food appears to be plentiful.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      These three specified islands mainly consists of rocks and their land is mostly covered in huts and their soil does not have much nutrients to support plant growth, but yet the cassava plant is grown there and many other plants used as food. cassava plant-this is a nutty-flavored starchy , root vegetable used for tiredness, dehydration in people with diarrhea, sepsis, and to induce labor.
  • Leaving this bay, Mr. Munro climbed over steep hills, rising to a height of 1500 feet, and then returned to the lake, which he reached near a small bay dubiously called "Magwina" (" crocodile "). Wretched huts of fugitives cling to the hill- sides further to the north.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Munro also discovered the Magwina Lake where there were huts built closely together belonging to people who had fled from their places.
  • Patowtow is a beautiful little harbour, extending about half a mile inlaml, and bounded by steep hills. It affords excellent shelter.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Unlike the Magwina Lake huts, in this area Munro witnessed well-maintained houses.
  • Bwana Hill, where Arabs trading in slaves and ivory,
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Munro also discovered that in the Bwana Hill they had a slave and ivory trade.
  • The country hereabouts is well cultivated by people from the interior, who spend the rainy season until harvest time in temporary dwellings.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Mangone natives cultivated the land and lived in informal settlements during the rainy season until the harvesting period.
  • Ruali, the first village of Uchungu, stands upon the lake shore. Its houses and inhabitants contrast very favourably with what is to be seen among the Atonga to the south.
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      From all the other shelters from the travelers journey, Ruali was the only place with even fine houses.
  • Commander Young
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is the explorer who discovered the full measurements of Lake Nyassa.
maureennompumelelo1

2447838.pdf - 3 views

NM MABUZA 222121134

shared by maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Mr. Stanle
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Sir Henry Morton Stanley GCB was a Welsh-American explorer, journalist, soldier, colonial administrator, author and politician who was famous for his Central Africa exploration and his search for David Livingstone who was a missionary and an explorer.
  • ores of Lake Ukerewe (Victoria Nyanza)
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is one of the lakes that Stanley explored. It is the 5th largest lake island in the world with an area of 53o km squared, and also the largest island in Lake Victoria and the largest lake island in the Africa continent.
  • (Albert Nyanza
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      On his explorative journey, Stanley discovered this lake which is originally known as Mwitazinge and temporarily Lake Mobutu Sese Seko. It is situated in Uganda and DRC and is the seventh largest lake in Africa and second biggest in the Great Lakes of Uganda.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • . In his journey Stanley saw a mountain southeast of the Mwutan Nizige, which was reported to be from thirteen thousand to fifteen thousand feet high, called Gamnboragare, on the peak of which snow is frequently foun
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Stanley also discovered by the Mwutan Nizige a highest mountain, Gamboragare that is snowy from time to time.
  • Ujiji
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is the historic town in Kigoma-Ujiji District of Kigoma Region in Tanzania and is the oldest in western Tanzania. This is where Stanley went in order to inspect Lake Tanganyika before going to Mwutan Nizige.
  • Lake Tanganyk
    • maureennompumelelo1
      maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is an African Great Lake, second oldest freshwater lake in the world, second largest by volume and depth. This lake is on the boarders of Tanzania, DRC, Zambia and Barundi.
maureennompumelelo1

Stanley and Africa - Document - Nineteenth Century Collections Online.pdf - 4 views

NM MABUZA 222121134

shared by maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • maureennompumelelo1 on 26 Apr 23
     
    Stanley circumnavigated Lake Victoria to see if it was a single body of water, and more importantly to see if it was the much sought after source of the Nile River. In this source it is stated that Stanley's quest was to explore Lake Victoria and its inflowing and outflowing rivers, again explore Lake Albert and its inflowing and outflowing rivers and explore Lake Tanganyika. This source again outlines how this explorer found that there was no connection between Lake Tanganyika and the Nile. Stanley saw that it was his task to explore the haunting river which had beckoned and eluded every traveler before him. How I Found Livingstone is a book by Stanley which was published soon after his arrival in England in the late summer of 1872.
ndcekeasemahle

The Cartography of Exploration: Livingstone's 1851 Manuscript Sketch Map of the Zambesi... - 2 views

Asemahle Ndceke

shared by ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Kuruman
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      Kuruman is located at the Nothern Cape province of South Africa
  • Bombay
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      Bombay is located in India
  • ape Town
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      Cape Town is located at the Western Cape province of South Africa
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • n this map, the location of Mosioatunya (Smoke that Thunders), or Victoria Falls, is indicated four years before Livingstone saw the falls for the first time
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      Livingstone was the first person to discover the Victoria falls.
  • Victoria Falls
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      Victoria falls is in Zimbabwe along the course of the Zambesi river.
  • Linyanti 2 to as far north as the confluence of the Leeba or Londa (the main stream of the Zambesi), with the Leeambye or Kabompo
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      These are the places that he journeyed through in his exploration on the fourth journey out of five.
  • Livingstone, who was brought up in the evangelical tradition of Calvinism, decided at an early age that he wanted to become a medical missionary. To prepare himself, he studied Greek, theology, and medicine for two years in Glasgow. In 1838, he was accepted by the LMS. He initially wanted to go to China, but a meeting with Robert Moffat, the notable Scottish missionary in Africa, convinced him that Africa would be his sphere of service. On 20 November 1840, he was ordained as a missionary, and on 14 March 1841 he arrived in Cape Town. Supported in his religious fervor by philanthropic ideals to bestow the values of liberty, humanity, and justice on the heathens in Africa, Livingstone chose as his mission field an area bordering on the Kalahari Desert in the country now known as Botswana.
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      After David Livingstone was convinced to come to Africa by the Scottish missionary in Africa who was Robert Moffat he came to Africa and chose to live in Botswana. This is how he got to expore Africa.
  • between 1850 and 1854 undertook five journeys in which he explored south-central Africa. The first was undertaken in 1849 in the company of his wife and children, the hunters William Cotton Oswell and Mungo Murray, as well as the trader J. H. Wilson; it resulted in the discovery of Lake Ngami. During his second journey to the lake in 1850, his wife and children were the only Europeans in his party
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      David Livingstone took 5 journey between 1850 and 1854. He discovered the Lake Ngami in his first exploration where he was accompanied by Oswell and Murray
  • Oswell, and together they managed to reach the mainstream of the Zambesi near Sesheke.
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      Out of the five journeys he took, the one that lasted for seven months led to the discovery of the Zambesi mainstream.
  • fi gure 1 The Zambesi drainage area depicted on the map presented to the Swedish Academy of Sciences by C. J. Andersson in 1852. Courtesy of the Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      This map shows the drainage pattern of the Zambesi river and the Victoria falls.
  • 1853, he undertook his fifth voyage along the Upper Zambesi when he left Linyanti for Luanda in Angola, which he reached on 31 May 1854.
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      The last journey out of five journey he took was to Angola.
  • Bechuanaland
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      Botswana was called the Bechuanaland before the 1840s.
  • rudimen
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      Rudiments are the basics
  • here is no evidence that Livingstone made any astronomical observations before his first journey to Lake Ngami in 1849.
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      Livingstone did not do any astronomical observations before traveling to Lake Ngami
  • Lake Ngam
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      The firts lake that Livingstone discovered on his first journey in Africa
  • Mosioatunya, which he much later named the Victoria Falls. 25
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      The main stream of the Zambesi river was called Mosioatunya but now called the Victoria falls was discovered and named by Livingstone
  • 25 Livingstone was passionately interested in the potential of the area between the Chobe and the Zambesi as a viable place for trading and missionary work, and one can assume that he constantly questioned the MaKololo regarding the nature of the country to the south, as well as to the north of the Zambesi. The only viable way to convey an impression of the area to the directors of the LMS in London was to compile a sketch map of the Zambesi drainage area.
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      The main reason why Livingstone sketched the drainage pattern map of Zambesi is because he was interested into knowing the potential for trading and missionary work of the area between Chobe river and the Zambesi river.
  • tributaries
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      Tributary is a small river or a stream flowing into a large river or lake
  • qualms
    • ndcekeasemahle
      ndcekeasemahle on 25 Apr 23
       
      qualms are doubts
makheda

On the Travels of Portuguese and Others in Inner Africa.pdf - 1 views

Makheda Bright Ndamulelo 222074228 History 2A

shared by makheda on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • On the Travels of Portuguese and others in Inner Africa. By W. D. Cooley.
    • makheda
      makheda on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is the topic on how the Portuguese and others travelled and explored the Inner continent of Africa.
  • By W. D. Cooley. The object of the Paper was to propound the views of the author, formed on a careful examination and comparison of the reports of various travellers, on the position of the rivers, lakes, and pla
  • in Inner Southern Afr
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • not
  • The subject was argued with much learning, and a large map was exhibited to illustrate the views of the author. Some of the more striking points of difference between this map and the recent ones of Livingstone were the total separation of the rivers Liambeji and Zambesi (the upper and lower courses of the Zambesi) and the release of their affluents from the system of inosculation which, in recent maps, bind all those rivers together; and the northwest direction of Lake Nyassa, which was made continuous with Tanganyika, forming an elongated lake, called Nanja mucuro.
  • modern ma
  • f Livingst
  • t Dr. Livingstone's simple account of his last exploration along Lake Nyassa, which he had undertaken of his own accord, should come afterwards; and then, that gentlemen who were more or less acquainted with the country should discuss the papers afterwa
    • makheda
      makheda on 26 Apr 23
       
      Question: Why were the Portuguese and others were traveling to Africa?
    • makheda
      makheda on 26 Apr 23
       
      Important event: Dr Livingstone was the one who discovered Lake Nyassa in the 19th century.
    • makheda
      makheda on 26 Apr 23
       
      The matter was debated thoroughly, and a big map was displayed to illustrate the author's points of view. Some of the more notable differences between this map and Livingstone's recent ones were the complete separation of the rivers Liambeji and Zambesi (the upper and lower courses of the Zambesi) and the release of their affluents from the system of inosculation that, in recent maps, binds all those rivers together; and the north-west direction of Lake Nyassa, which was made continuous with Tanganyika, forming an elongated lake
    • makheda
      makheda on 26 Apr 23
       
      David Livingstone was a Scottish physician, Congregationalist, and pioneer Christian missionary with the London Missionary Society, an explorer in Africa, and one of the most popular British heroes of the late 19th-century Victorian era. David was the husband of Mary Moffat Livingstone, from the prominent 18th-century missionary family, Moffat. Livingstone had a mythic status that operated on a number of interconnected levels: Protestant missionary martyr, working-class "rags-to-riches" inspirational story, scientific investigator and explorer, imperial reformer, anti-slavery crusader, and advocate of British commercial and colonial expansion.
    • makheda
      makheda on 26 Apr 23
       
      This travelers also helped in designing and constructing modern maps of the world.
    • makheda
      makheda on 26 Apr 23
       
      Notwithstanding *This means in spite of or it means nevertheless.
    • makheda
      makheda on 26 Apr 23
       
      The travelers or explorers were traveling to Southern Africa to report on the positions of natural things in Africa such as rivers lakes and others.
asandandulwini

Lake_Malawi - 1 views

Asanda Ndulwini

shared by asandandulwini on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • asandandulwini on 25 Apr 23
     
    This is Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, is an African Great Lake and the sourthenmost lake in the East African Rift system.
keciatshebwa

The East Central African Question - 4 views

Kecia Tshebwa

shared by keciatshebwa on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • V. BRITISH OCCUPATION OF THE LAKES ~EGION.--In obedience to the last wishes of Livingstone, our countrymen established the African Lakes Company, Limited (Glasgow), and took up the work he had initiated, and for which he died; and British Missions sprang up in his track. British subjects have thus invested large sums of money in developing the resources of the Lakes l~egion, and tlave freely given their lives in the cause of native 'emancipation. No other nation has laboured in the same field. According to official estimates, no less a stun than £400,000 has been thus expended. The Zambesi Expedition cost over £30,000 ; the Scottish Missions have expended some £100,000; the English Universities Mission about £50,000; the Commercial Companies some ~200,000; and the balance of £20,000 is probably not in excess of the expenditure of private indi- viduals in these parts. The Scottish Churches have 50 representatives in aetuai and lawful occupation of land, the English Universities Mission some 18 representatives, and the AMean Lakes Company over 25. The Church of Scotland has its centre of operations at Blantyre; the Free Church of Scotland in Nyassa Land; the English Universities Mission, with its headquarters at Zanzibar, joins the Missions on the Lakes; Messrs. Buchanan Brothers have plantations at Zomba (where the British Consuh~te is situated); and the African Lakes Company have stations throughout the entire Lakes route, from the coast to the southern .~hores of Tanganyika. The Scottish Churches have been at work there for twelve years, and the English Universities Mission for twenty-six years. A British Consul is attached to Nyassa.
    • keciatshebwa
      keciatshebwa on 26 Apr 23
       
      A further explanation on the geographical and agricultural planning for the Blantyre mission - The influence and work of The Scottish Church in expanding th knowledge of Christ in the East of Africa.
  • The result of these agencies has been (1) to open up a fine route into Central Africa; (2) to create legitimate commerce, and to employ native labour ; (3) to ameliorate the condition of the natives; and (4) to check the slave-trade, tribal wars, and barbarous practices.
asandandulwini

Explorers travelling through the Lakes of Central Africa (JSTOR).pdf - 1 views

Asanda Ndulwini

shared by asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • THE travellers who have journeyeel anto (:entral Africa from the East coast and the neighbourhood of Zanzibar have been called to encounter difficulties as formidable as lrlay be met with in any part of the world. These difficulties have caused not only peril to health and severe trials of patience, but have occasioned theln unusual expense. One object which most of them have kept in vierv was to reach the line of the three great lakes, and pay a, visit to l:Jjiji.
    • asandandulwini
      asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23
       
      Zanzibar- Swahili Unguja, was an island in the Indian ocean lying 22 miles (35 km) off the coast of east-central Africa. During this age of exploration, the Portuguese Empire it's when they gained control of Zanzibar.
  • of brushwood, and of small forest with tropical plants and trees. A llundred miles in the intelior the ground has beun to rise, and toW exhibit lines of hills with parallel valle-s, nzore or?]ess regulare the traveller cro now mounting a high granite ridge, then descending; mounting lligher, and descending a little again. In this way he crosses the broad swampy valley of the Mukandoliwa or Makata Xiver, passes the little Lake Ugombo in which it rises, and winding among the noble hills of the Usagara RanDe, arrives at length at Mpwapwa, on the upper plateau, 3300 feet above the se
  • . A llundred miles in the intelior the ground has beun to rise, and toW exhibit lines of hills with parallel valle-s, nzore or?]ess regulare the traveller cro now mounting a high granite ridge, then descending; mounting lligher, and descending a little again. In this way he crosses the broad swampy valley of the Mukandoliwa or Makata Xiver, passes the little Lake Ugombo in which it rises, and winding among the noble hills of the Usagara RanDe, arrives at length at Mpwapwa, on the upper plateau, 3300 feet above the se
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • A llundred miles in the intelior the ground has beun to rise, and toW exhibit lines of hills with parallel valle-s, nzore or?]ess regulare having a general trend to the N.N.E. These the traveller crossesr now mounting a high granite ridge, then descending; mounting lligher, and descending a little again. In this way he crosses the broad swampy valley of the Mukandoliwa or Makata Xiver, passes the little Lake Ugombo in which it rises, and winding among the noble hills of the Usagara RanDe, arrives at length at Mpwapwa, on the upper plateau, 3300 feet above the se
    • asandandulwini
      asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23
       
      Explorers were crossing through the Makata river, a stream in Lindi region, Tanzania with the region front code of African/Middle east. Lake Ugombo one of the lakes of Tanzania expedited by Henry Morton Stanley, regarding Livingston's exploration in central Africa.
  • gulare the traveller
  • itherto all the English travellers in East Africa have been dependent upon these huluan bearers. Frotn Burton down to the Church Missionary Expedition, which left the coast a few nonths at,o, every one has been compelled to etnploy them. And the trouble they have caused by their fickleness, their dishonesty, their bodily weaknesses, their indolence, their diseases, and numerous deaths, has been indescriba
  • ganyika, thought it worth while specialla to inquire into two points: (1 ) Could a route be found to the north of the WAmi River, on higher ground, and free from the swampy levels found here and there on the road ftom Bagamoyo? and (2) Was it possible to employ on the entire line the waggen drawn by bllllocks, so common in the colonies of South Africa, and that without risk from the tsetse-fly? And as the Rev. Rot,er Price, who has had long experience of roads ancl waggons in South Afiica, was then in England, they requested Mr. Price to proceed to Zanzibar to make these inquiries on the spot. The following is a brief outline of Mr. Price's proceedings, and of their result.
  • 877,
  • B- 26, 1877,
  • Mr. Price arrived at Zanzibar on May 2nd, 1876, and, havillb gained much inforlnation bearing upon his purpose, he resolved to pay a preliminary visit to Sadani, on the African coast, and confer with Bwfina Heri, the chief of the tdistrict, respecting a j ourney into the interior.
  • Mr. Price that no f) was known on that road which killed bullocks, and that cattle wele frequently brought down to the coast from the interior. The arrival of an ivory caravan from near Unyanyembe proved that the route proposed was actually isl use, and the information derived from its people i
  • that it contained no speci
  • diffioulties.
khensani

The Resources of the Nyassa Region, East Coast of Africa.pdf - 2 views

Rhulani Mashele 221056879

shared by khensani on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • EAST COAST OF AFRICA.
    • khensani
      khensani on 26 Apr 23
       
      this is a place where ivory trade took place east Africa
  • blished in Science of Dec. 28, I888.
    • khensani
      khensani on 26 Apr 23
       
      date of publication fall under 1890 as the instructions of this task stated,
  • upply from these might he largely increased, to the benefit of trade, the country, and the people generally. The Arab slave-dealer is the chief collector of ivory in this country, with the tusks of which he loads his slaves, obtaining thereby cheap and profitable carriage to the coast. Th
    • khensani
      khensani on 26 Apr 23
       
      it was the Arab slaves who transported the ivory hence it was very cheap to transport the ivory since slaves do not get paid
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • The most important feature of the Nyassa region is its easy access. The
  • The trading company of Lake Nyassa, and the missions of that region, - the Free Church of Scotland Missions, which occupy the west coast of the lake; the Universities' Mission, which occupies the east coast of the lake, -have expended altogether some $750,ooo on this region. In pursuance of these objects, a survey was made of a road for about forty-six miles through the rough country of Lake Nyassa, towards Lake Tanganyika, which is reached from the terminal point of that road through an easy country. The road was made by native labor, and the traffic on it was at first worked by parties hired by the company from the Nkonde, Wanda, and Mambwe tribes, with all of whom the company made treaties by which its authority was recognized over these districts. At present its management has, however, slipped into the hands of the Arabs, who purchase goods at the Nyassa terminus, and convey them by their own people, often slaves, to Lake Tanganyika, the European staff being too limited in numbers to superintend all the stations required.
    • khensani
      khensani on 26 Apr 23
       
      this paragraph simply highlight the easiest rout that was used to transport ivory. Nkonde wanda is a company that was used by Arabians to be in control of traffic and all the transportation issues.
fortunatem

Ivory and slaves in East and Central Africa (c. 1800 - 1880.pdf - 4 views

Lesego Mlandu History 2A

shared by fortunatem on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Trade routes in the interior had been pioneered by the Africans themselves. The Yao had found their way from the vicinity of Lake Nyasa to the coast long before coastal traders decided to go inland. Kamba traders southeast of Mount Kenya had traded in ivory for many years before the coastal traders moved in and took over their routes.
    • fortunatem
      fortunatem on 25 Apr 23
       
      Long before coastal traders decided to move inside, the Yao had made their way from Lake Nyasa's vicinity to the coast. Before the coastal traders moved in and took over their routes, the Kamba traders southeast of Mount Kenya had been involved with the ivory trade for many years.
  • The Nyamwezi had also opened up a route to the coast which they were using about 1800, and it was this route that the Swahili-Arab traders from the coast employed when they made their first forays into the interior.
    • fortunatem
      fortunatem on 25 Apr 23
       
      The Swahili-Arab traders from the coast used this path when they made their initial journeys into the interior since the Nyamwezi had also opened up a route to the shore that they were using around 1800.
  • hough ivory had always trickled through from the interior to the coast, the growth in the demand for ivory in the nineteenth century made a more systematic approach necessary for its gathering. As early as 1811 caravans from the coast were reaching into central Tanzania, and a decade later Swahili-Arab caravans were found on the other side of Lake Tanganyika in modem Zaire. By mid-century the Arabs had established the town of Unyanyembe or Tabora, and Ujiji on Lake Tanganyika.
    • fortunatem
      fortunatem on 25 Apr 23
       
      Although ivory has always been transported periodically from the interior to the the coast, the rise in demand for ivory in the nineteenth century required a more organized method of collection. Central Tanzania was first reached by caravans from the coast in 1811, and modern Zaire's Swahili-Arab caravans were discovered on the opposite side of Lake Tanganyika a decade later. By the middle of the century, the Arabs had founded Ujiji on Lake Tanganyika and the town of Unyanyembe or Tabora.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Although Africans in the interior had pioneered these routes, in many cases they were ousted by the Arabs who had three great advantages over the indigenous traders - they had a wider range of products to offer, they had modem arms, access to credit, and they knew the Zanzibar trading system and could influence it.
    • fortunatem
      fortunatem on 25 Apr 23
       
      Although Africans in rural areas had established these routes, the Arabs frequently drove out the native traders because they offered a wider variety of goods, they had access to modern weapons and credit, and they had experience in the Zanzibar trading system.
  • When the Swahili-Arabs themselves raided for slaves they usually did so at night; Arabs villages were surrounded and burned down and gardens were destroyed, because starvation favoured the conditions in which the slave trade thrived.
    • fortunatem
      fortunatem on 25 Apr 23
       
      The Swahili Arabs usually carried out their slave attacks at night, Arab villages were burned to the ground, and their gardens were destroyed since starvation favored the conditions that allowed the slave trade to flourish. Swahili Arabs were barbaric ivory hunters who destroyed the communities of everyone who stood in their way.
  • Swahili-Arabs were ruthless ivory hunters and razed the villages of those who stood in their way
asandandulwini

NYASSA LAND (GALE).pdf - 1 views

Asanda Ndulwini

shared by asandandulwini on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • asandandulwini on 25 Apr 23
     
    This is a piece of the newspaper discussing about the difficulties faced by explorers in NYASSA LAND. This is because the lake was important for the means of transportation for people and cargo. Ships which transport cotton, rubber, tobacco, tea, rice and peanuts on Lake Nyasa. Another aspect is Portugal advancements, when the Royal Decree was issued authorising the establishment of a Portuguese mission at Mponda, at the southern end of Lake Nyassa. That claimed territorial sovereignty by Portugal.
sinekeu222094834

dr. Livingsone lake Zambia_ Lake bangwelu - Google Search - 2 views

Unalo Sineke

shared by sinekeu222094834 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • sinekeu222094834 on 26 Apr 23
     
    The Quest for the Nile. Livingstone returned to Africa in 1866 with the objective of spreading Christianity and trying to abolish the slave trade on the East African Coast, as well as exploring an African watershed to assist him in locating the sources of the Nile. He faced obstacles and experienced difficulties coping due to his age. He was forced to change his route due to Ngoni raids and some of his followers deserted him. Reports said that he had been killed by the Ngoni but it was proved that he was alive the following year. Livingstone's journey was filled with drama including the loss of his medical chest. However, he continued, becoming the first European to reach Lake Mweru and Lake Bangwelu.
asandandulwini

Livingston Exploration (JSTOR).pdf - 1 views

Asanda Ndulwini

shared by asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • 'rhe Portuguese about 'rete' and these parts were inclined to consider them as tl-le head-waters of the Chire. Lacerda's death, no doubt, prevented him from aseertaining this poin
    • asandandulwini
      asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23
       
      This Chire was the largest river in Malawi. It's is the only outlet of Lake Malawi and flows into the Zambezi river in Mozambique.
  • s impossilvle that any of them can run to the Chire. A glance at the map and the position of the high land to the s. of Lake N'yassa will settle that point. Happily,-I think, the matter is no lon;er left in doub
  • The Arabs in the East, who visit all these places in the interior, have long told us that the waters of the rivers, such as the Luffia, that etlter the sea to the s. of Zanzibar, rise far inland to the s.w. of Lake N>yassa, and come, such as the Luffia, from a lalge lake in the interio
    • asandandulwini
      asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23
       
      The Arabs came to East Africa coast to trade. Trading items like gold, ivory, agricultural parts.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • There we learn that the word Nhanja is applied to either lake or river; that there is in the interior, and much to the N of Cazembe, first, a Nhanja Mucuro Grande} or Great River, and 1lext, the Nhanja Piqueno7 or Littl
  • canoes
    • asandandulwini
      asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23
       
      Canoes- Means a light, narrow boat with pointed ends and no keel, propelled with a paddle or paddles.
nkosithand

Sir Samuel White Baker - Document - Gale eBooks - 2 views

go.gale.com/...retrieve.do

European and African Interaction from the 15th century through 18th

shared by nkosithand on 24 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Traveling up the Nile to Berber, Baker spent a year wandering along the Atbara River and the Blue Nile, hunting and learning Arabic before returning to Khartoum, from which he and his wife launched an expedition up the White Nile in December 1862. Arriving at Gondokoro, the Bakers met the British explorers John Hanning Speke and James Augustus Grant, who had reached Lake Victoria and the Nile from the East African coast. In 1863-1864 Baker and his wife discovered and explored the eastern shore of Lake Albert, visited Kamrasi, the ruler of Bunyoro, and after many delays returned to London, where Baker wrote an extremely popular book about his explorations and the horrors of the Sudanese slave trade. In the spring of 1869 Baker was approached by Ismail, the khedive of Egypt, to lead an Egyptian expedition to the Upper Nile to extend Egyptian control to Lake Victoria, to claim the territory for Egypt, and to end the slave trade. Baker was consequently appointed governor general of Equatoria Province and sailed up the Nile with a large expedition of 1200 troops, the most expensive expedition to penetrate Africa.
    • nkosithand
      nkosithand on 02 May 23
       
      Baker traveled up the Nile to Berber for a year, hunting and learning Arabic between the Atbara River and the Blue Nile before returning to Khartoum, from which he and his wife undertook an excursion up the White Nile in December 1862. The Bakers encountered the British explorers John Hanning Speke and James Augustus Grant at Gondokoro, who had reached Lake Victoria and the Nile from the East African coast. Baker and his wife located and explored the eastern bank of Lake Albert in 1863-1864, paid a visit to Kamrasi, the monarch of Bunyoro, and returned to London after many delays, where Baker wrote an extraordinarily successful book about his discoveries and the horrors of the Sudanese slave trade
  • nkosithand on 24 Apr 23
     
    THE ENGLISH EXPLORER WHO EXPLORED UPPER NALE
lorraine03

Papers of Augustus Sparhawk, Chief Agent of the Expedition D'Etudes Du Haut Congo - Doc... - 1 views

go.gale.com/...retrieve.do

Mandlakazi Mapipa 221078393

shared by lorraine03 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • lorraine03 on 26 Apr 23
     
    This manuscript is about the two explorers in the nineteenth century named Henry Stanley and Livingstone. They both explored some parts of Africa. Due to their extensive exploration in Africa, they were regarded as the greatest explorers. However, they explored different aspects. It is stated in this primary source that Livingstone discovered: Zambesi, Lake Nyassa, and Lake Bangweolo of Africa. In addition Stanely explored: Congo, he gave the world the definite information of the Victoria Nyanza and solved the Nile problem. These expeditions had a significance impact and played a crucial role during the nineteenth century in parts and people of Africa. Most of this information appears on page 3.
puseletsomonyeki

David Livingstone | Encyclopedia.com - 0 views

www.encyclopedia.com/...david-livingstone

Puseletso Monyeki ''History 2A''

shared by puseletsomonyeki on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • On November 15 he reached the spectacular falls on the Zambezi, which the Africans called the "Smoke which Thunders" but which Livingstone named Victoria Falls in honor of the queen of England.
    • puseletsomonyeki
      puseletsomonyeki on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is evidence that Dr. David Livingstone was the first person to discover the Zambezi river and the Victoria falls.
  • With mutual regrets he severed his ties with the London Missionary Society, but the British government agreed to support an expedition to explore the Zambezi River led by Livingstone, who was made a British consul for the purpose. He sailed for Africa in March 1858.
  • The explorers learned of the existence of two lakes to the north, and on a second journey they discovered Lake Chilwa on April 16, 1859. On a third journey up the Shire they left the boat, walked 3 weeks overland, and discovered Lake Nyasa on Sept. 17, 1859.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Regarding himself as a missionary to the end, Livingstone inspired many new enterprises such as the Makololo, Ndebele, and Tanganyika missions of his own society, the Universities' Mission to Central Africa, and the Livingstonia Mission of the Church of Scotland. His life caught the imagination of the Christian world.
    • puseletsomonyeki
      puseletsomonyeki on 26 Apr 23
       
      Dr. Livingstone was not only exploring the Zambezi river, he also sought to spread christianity all over.
tshehla222227980

Blog Article: The History of Slavery in Zanzibar. - 1 views

nataniatravel.com/...e-slave-market-zanzibar-island

Mojalefa Joseph Tshehla History 2A 222227980

shared by tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • But do you know that the slave market in Zanzibar island was the last legally operating slave market in the world?
    • tshehla222227980
      tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is the main thesis of the entire data collection. "The slave trade center in Zanzibar".
  • Because of its specific position in the Indian Ocean, the history of Zanzibar was very turbulent.
    • tshehla222227980
      tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Very turbulent in a manner that a lot of activities occurred due to the coastal region that encouraged harbors which were essential particularly during slave trading.
  • Zanzibar was a part of the Portuguese Empire for almost two centuries.
    • tshehla222227980
      tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Portuguese traded slaves also forcefully while exploiting Zanzibar as it had zero power over Portugal because when Portugal arrived in Zanzibar, they established their dominance and held all the power over the island
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Together with the ivory, clove and spice trade, the slave trade was very important for the economy. Zanzibar had a central role in trade routes into the interior of Africa. And the new city on the Swahili coast was born: Zanzibar city or Stone Town.
    • tshehla222227980
      tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is generally my argument. Although they were also trading ivory, clove and spice trade, i feel like they just used the other raw materials to tone down the shame of being rich through this inhumane act of enslavement. I am arguing this because slavery was generally profiting them more than all the other products combined, so they could have dropped them and focused only on slavery but they just kept them in the picture so that there is good in the worst they did to native Africans
  • The late 18th and early 19th centuries was a period of rapid expansion of the slave trade
    • tshehla222227980
      tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23
       
      What impact did this have at Zanzibar? -This increased their gross domestic product. -Commercially, slavery/ slave trade markets yielded the region [Zanzibar] more profit.
  • Unguja (Zanzibar) was a perfect place and port for traders voyaging between the African Great Lakes, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Indian southern region.
    • tshehla222227980
      tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Briefly, the reason Zanzibar was the perfect place and port was because it was located in a geographical area where boats may access it for exports such as slaves which consequently increased Zanzibar's wealth due to being the trade focus of the region.
  • The streets in Zanzibar were full of slaves, accounting for more than two-thirds of the population. People were taken from a vast area, extending south of Lake Nyasa (now Malawi), west of Lake Tanganyika (now DR Congo), and north of Lake Victoria (now Uganda), to the Stone Town open slave markets. Today, this area includes countries such as Uganda, Kenya, Burundi, Ruanda, Nigeria, Zambia, Tanzania, and  Mozambique. However, people from Zanzibar were free and not slaves.
    • tshehla222227980
      tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Also, i feel like the people from Zanzibar were at the mercy of the traders because the trade market was in their region hence they were not the first priority of enslavement. This is just an arguable point, someone might say otherwise.
  • The captives were from different cultures and language groups, and usually, the whole families were taken to slavery. Some of them were skilled craftsmen and women, musicians, ironworkers, and farmers. They lived in settled communities and engaged in hunting, fishing, and gathering firewood.  
    • tshehla222227980
      tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is really an important point, this exudes that they people were being exploited. Their skills, hard labor was taken without they concern. Forcefully migrating them to foreign countries were they are forced into hard labor without being paid. Therefore, it may be said that the Zanzibar market costed the Eastern Africa its skills and labor that could have being used to develop that portion of Africa.
  • Many of them also had armed guards
    • tshehla222227980
      tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Harsh measures were implemented to force the natives into slavery. They had to be suppressed under traumatic experiences such as usage of guns to force them to journey to the Zanzibar market where they would be traded like they were property.,
  • They travelled for days, sometimes for weeks, with minimum food and water. Some people died of exhaustion, disease or malnourishment.
    • tshehla222227980
      tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23
       
      These are some, if not the least, challenges that the slaves had to endure during the journey to the slave market. Having to endure the extreme temperatures also.
  • Many of them did not survive the journey to Zanzibar island.
    • tshehla222227980
      tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23
       
      It may be assumes that a majority of them did not survive the journey because of the traumatic experience that their body could not absorb all at once.
  • After captives arrived in Zanzibar, the slave traders imprisoned them in underground chambers. It was a test. If they lived for more than three days, they would be sold on the market at Mkunazini, in Stone Town.
    • tshehla222227980
      tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23
       
      Not only was their journey tough, however, extreme measures such as those mentioned in the article were put forth to test the natives' survival. This are some of the painful experiences that reading about slavery unfolds.
  • The slaves were stripped completely naked and cleaned
    • tshehla222227980
      tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23
       
      This suggest that their dignity was stripped of and their originality was washed away so they they may be sold as slaves. This to me means more that just stripping them naked and being washed away, it was so much symbolic that literal.
  • But there is something more. The slaves were tied to a tree and whipped with stinging branches. It was a demonstration of their strength. Those who didn’t cry or scream during the whipping got a higher price at the market. Terrible isn’t it…?
    • tshehla222227980
      tshehla222227980 on 26 Apr 23
       
      I am actually sad that I got to read this, but personally, I feel like my skin is a map that illustrates were I come from as a descendant of the slaves who were traded. This is a very emotional and a traumatic experience.
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