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Aurialie Jublin

In the Future, Employees Won't Exist | TechCrunch - 0 views

  • Fortunately, dozens of services are popping up to fill this void and support the growing contractor class. Freelancer’s Union offers insurance tailored to the needs of independent workers. Peers.org provides a community to better understand what wages contractors can expect to make. QuickBooks Self-Employed offers financial and tax tools. And there are even digital nomad communities popping up around the globe for those who don’t need to be tethered to one spot and apps like Teleport to help contractors find them. This burgeoning ecosystem is closing the “benefits gap” between employees and contractors. When a person can get insurance, community and financial help without traditional employment, it raises the question: Why be traditionally employed?
Aurialie Jublin

Comment Google surveillera ses salariés pendant 100 ans pour optimiser sa pol... - 1 views

  • L’entreprise américaine communique en effet de manière récurrente sur son approche scientifique des RH, comme le rappelait récemment son VP People Operations, Laszlo Bock, qui a contribué à réintroduire une dose de “certitude scientifique dans la manière dont on construit de bons environnements de travail, dont on maintient une culture de la très haute performance auprès de ses équipes, dont on maximise la productivité ou on améliore le bien-être”.
  • Depuis déjà plusieurs années, Google a quant à lui développé la data analysis  et une logique de R&D sur tous les pans ou presque de sa politique RH, afin d’“apporter le même degré de rigueur dans les décisions humaines que dans l’ingénierie“ – avec deux limites clairement posées, confidentialité et transparence : mise en oeuvre de KPI pour développer le leadership (Projet Oxygène) ; utilisation de méthodes de recherche et développement pour optimiser productivité, bien-être au travail… ou santé, en arrivant par exemple à la conclusion que la réduction de la taille des assiettes, à la cantine, réduirait l’apport calorique moyen (le “People & Innovation Lab”, modèle d’innovation RH “data-drivée” en voie de se répandre) ; développement d’un algorithme mathématique et de modèles prédictifs pour anticiper les envies de départ des collaborateurs, augmenter la diversité dans sa politique de promotion ou calculer la probabilité d’un recrutement réussi (“Project Janus”) ; etc.
  • La première session de gDNA, qui, espère le DRH, sera reproduite tous les ans pendant un siècle, a permis de distinguer deux catégories de “Googlers” : les “segmenteurs” (31% des salariés) dressent une barrière psychologique entre le stress du travail et le reste de leur vie : ils semblent peu affectés par la porosité – accrue par la technologie – entre les deux mondes et font de la déconnexion un élément important de bien-être  ; les “intégrateurs” (69% des salariés) vivent quant à eux un plus grand continuum entre vie professionnelle et vie personnelle, qu’il s’agisse d’actualiser frénétiquement son application boîte mail sur son smartphone avant d’aller se coucher ou de réserver ses prochaines vacances entre deux réunions. Avec le bien-être à la clé ? gDNA nuance : la moitié de ces intégrateurs souhaiteraient davantage “segmenter”.
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  • “Les datas de gDNA nous permettent de moduler nos pratiques RH en anticipant les besoins des salariés“, explique Laszlo Bock : et si le DRH précise que c’est sur le long terme que la “People Science” pourra dessiner de grandes tendances et appréhender le futur du travail, elle permet dès aujourd’hui d’adapter sa politique aux besoins réels. En l’occurrence : le design d’environnements de travail facilitant la déconnexion, une initiative – aux effets, positifs, quantifiés – obligeant les salariés à éteindre leurs devices (ou apps) professionnels en passant par l’accueil avant de rentrer chez eux, mais aussi, au quotidien, un management adapté auprès des segmenteurs, les encourageant notamment à ignorer les e-mails en dehors des heures de travail.
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    "Google collecte les données des utilisateurs... mais aussi celles de ses salariés. L'une des clés du succès de la firme américaine, qui a dépassé début février Exxon au rang de deuxième capitalisation boursière du monde, serait précisément l'approche scientifique de sa gestion RH. Cas d'école, avec une étude centenaire pour anticiper le futur du travail et mettre le bien-être en datas."
Aurialie Jublin

"Emploi store", simulateur de droits sociaux... quand l'administration se met... - 0 views

  • À commencer par le simulateur de droits sociaux Mes Aides, destiné en particulier à tous ceux, nombreux selon les ministres, à ne pas réclamer leurs droits. Notamment les personnes éligibles au RSA. Et c’est justement en collaboration, en codéveloppement, avec plusieurs d’entre eux dans le cadre d’un atelier qu’ont été pensés le service, son ergonomie, la forme de son formulaire de saisie, le vocabulaire utilisé… La personne concernée se connecte et saisit quelques informations (nom, date de naissance, logement, situation familiale, épargne…) en quelques minutes, et les aides qui lui sont accessibles apparaissent dans des cadres très simples et lisibles. Il suffit ensuite à l’intéressé de cliquer sur une d’entre elles pour être dirigé vers le bon formulaire Cerfa. "On ne perd jamais l’usager, et ce, jusqu’au formulaire", insiste le secrétaire d’État.
  • Côté emploi, le service mise sur une cartographie sur laquelle les offres sont identifiées en fonction du temps de déplacement du futur employé, et non uniquement de la zone géographique. Il suffit ensuite au demandeur de cliquer sur une offre, et il peut bien sûr obtenir l’itinéraire en fonction du moyen de transport. Le démonstrateur actuel est en test avec une trentaine de personnes dans les régions Centre et Franche-Comté. Ce service accessible aujourd’hui sur internet donnera naissance, mi-2015, à un "emploi store", magasin d’apps multi-OS à destination des employeurs et demandeurs d’emploi.
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    Marylise Lebranchu et Thierry Mandon ont organisé, durant trois jours, une Cité de l'innovation publique, au Centquatre à Paris, destinée à montrer ses innovations numériques aux Français. Au-delà de la technologie, l'administration montre aussi comment elle se transforme pour être plus simple et plus transparente, en jouant l'open innovation et la collaboration avec le privé et les citoyens.
Aurialie Jublin

What Does A Union Look Like In The Gig Economy? | Fast Company | Business + Innovation - 0 views

  • Drivers who work on Uber, Lyft, and Sidecar have started "App-Based Drivers Associations" in at least two states. The California branch teamed up with local Teamsters in August for "organizational and lobbying assistance," and in September, after Uber drivers in New York created a Facebook Page called Uber Drivers Network NYC, some of them went on strike over Uber fare cuts.
  • Like it or not, employment in the United States looks different than it did 50 years ago—at least 30% of the workforce are independent contractors, the ratio of part-time workers to full-time workers is still higher than before the recession, and there are 2.87 million temporary workers, a record number. Some argue that the gig economy—comprised of companies like Uber, TaskRabbit, Postmates, and Handy, who coordinate independent contractors on a task-by-task basis instead of hiring employees—is a promising development in this conundrum. It offers flexible supplemental income the regular economy is not supplying. Others argue it’s a return to the piecework system that exploited workers before the modern concept of "employee" came on the scene.
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    "WITHOUT THE RIGHT TO UNIONIZE, GIG ECONOMY WORKERS RISK EXPLOITATION. BUT ORGANIZING 21RST CENTURY WORKERS IS NO EASY FEAT."
Thierry Nabeth

Uber Is Not the Future of Work -- The Atlantic - 0 views

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    Gig-enabling apps are a distraction from the uncertainties that affect far more people: Will workers get paid enough and are their jobs safe?
Aurialie Jublin

Uber's Augmented Workers - Uber Screeds - Medium - 0 views

  • Uber has long claimed it’s a technology company, not a transportation company. Uber’s drivers are promoted as entrepreneurs and classified as independent contractors. The company claims to provide only a platform/app that enables drivers to be connected with passengers; as an intermediary, the company relies on the politics of platforms to elude responsibility as a traditional employer, as well as regulatory regimes designed to govern traditional taxi businesses.
  • Drivers must submit to a system that molds their interactions, controls their behavior, sets and changes rates unilaterally, and is generally structured to minimize the power of driver (“partner”) voices. Drivers make inquiries to outsourced community support representatives that work on Uber’s behalf, but their responses are based on templates or FAQs.
  • Uber uses surge pricing to lure drivers to work at a particular place at a particular time, without guaranteeing the validity of the surge incentive if they do follow it. Surge is produced through an algorithmic assessment of supply and demand and is subject to constant dynamism. The rate that drivers are paid is based on the passenger’s location, not their own. Even when they travel to an active surge zone, they risk receiving passengers at lower or higher surge than is initially advertised, or getting fares from outside the surge zone. Drivers will be locked out of the system for varying periods of time, like 10 minutes, 30 minutes, etc. for declining too many rides. They also get warnings for “manipulating” surge.
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  • Uber drivers are “free” to login or log-out to work at will, but their ability to make choices that benefit their own interests, such as accepting higher-fare passengers, is severely limited.
  • To a significant degree, Uber has successfully automated many of the processes involved in managing a large workforce, comprised of at at least 400 000 active drivers in the U.S. alone, according to Uber’s last public estimate. However, automation is not to be confused with independence. Uber has built a system that leverages significant control over how workers do their jobs, even as that control is structured to be indirect and semi-automated, such as through nudges, algorithmic labor logistics, the rating system, etc.
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    "Summary Uber has done a lot of things to language to communicate a strong message of distance between itself and its relationship to Uber drivers. Uber insists drivers should be classified as independent contractors, labelled driver-partners, and promoted as entrepreneurs, although the company faces legal challenges over issues of worker misclassification. Beyond its attempts to label work as a type of "sharing" in the so-called "sharing economy," Uber's protracted efforts to celebrate the independence and freedom of drivers have evolved into a sophisticated policy push to design a new classification of worker that would accommodate Uber's business model. The emergent classification, "independent worker," does not acknowledge the significant control Uber leverages over how drivers do their job."
Aurialie Jublin

Exploring portable ratings for gig workers - Doteveryone - Medium - 0 views

  • Unlike the traditional economy, the gig economy doesn’t rely on CVs or letters of recommendation. You build your reputation on one platform at a time — and your reputation is often the route to higher earnings (A service user is more likely to choose someone with 100 five-star ratings than just one or two). Platforms don’t want people to leave, so they don’t let workers have ownership over their own ratings. Leaving a service means starting over.
  • More recently, we’ve been exploring the “how” of ratings portability: what technology, data, user experience and investment might be needed to make this real.Our design team, along with our policy intern and developer James Darling, have been conducting user research and prototyping possible technical solutions for ratings portability. Here’s where we’ve got to so far.
  • “Cab” drivers didn’t have visible habits around their ratings, weren’t checking them frequently and when we spoke about them, they told us that this wasn’t something they’d considered before or something they were particularly concerned about. They were confident in their skills and ability to find work outside of their platforms, and viewed ratings more as performance indicators for their platform owners — the main fear being a drop below 3.5 stars, where they might be dropped from the platform completely.
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  • This “performance indicator over ratings” feeling was even stronger with food delivery workers. They expressed even less concern about the issue, focussing more on their delivery metrics such as attendance and cancellations. The rider app screens we were shown support this.
  • This makes sense for both food delivery and transit: the customer has little to no ability to use workers’ reputation data to inform their purchase decision. (When we press a button to order a cab or for food to be delivered, speed is the primary factor and platforms emphasise that in their design.)
  • It was a radically different story for tradespeople. Their reputation data feels important to them, and they prefer to keep control over it. They preferred word of mouth reputation and recommendations, as there was no middleman who could take that away from them. Online platforms were seen as something to graduate away from once you had a sufficient “real world” presence.
  • Alongside our user research, James Darling looked at the technical possibilities, drawing on the Resolution Trust’s initial work and the research that our policy intern did. They came up with five possible solutions and gave them names and some logos. They are in increasing order of complexity.
  • Personal referenceThis is the status quo: when approaching a new employer, workers create their own CVs, loosely standardised by convention.
  • Publicly hosted reputationsWhat feels like a technical quick win is to ensure that a platform hosts a publicly accessible web archive of all worker reputation data, including for profiles which have been disabled. This would allow workers to provide a URL to anyone they wish to provide their reputation data. How would this be encouraged/enforced?
  • Profile verificationHow does a worker prove that they are the owner of a publicly hosted reputation profile? There are a few technical solutions that could be explored here, like a public/private key verification or explorations around OAuth. Is it possible to create something that is secure, but also usable?
  • Decentralised open data standardA data standard for reputation data could be created, allowing automated transfer and use of reputation data by competing platforms or external services. Creating the standard would be the trickiest part here: is it possible to translate between both technical differences of different platforms (eg 5 stars versus 80%), but also the values inherent in them.
  • Centralised data holderPerhaps one way to help standardise and enforce this easy transfer of reputation data is to create some sort of legal entity responsible for holding and transferring this reputation data. A lot of discussion would have to be had about the legal framework for this: is it a government department, a charity, a de facto monopoly?
  • We also thought about ways to verify identity (by including an RSA public key), what a best practice data standard might look like (here’s an example in JSON), and what the import process might look like (via a mock competitor site). The code for all this is on Github, and everything above is available in a slide deck here.
  • I worry that the concept of “owning” people’s ratings reflects some deeper, more systemic issues around who “owns” things more generally in society. In the coming months, we’d like to keep working with like minded organisations to explore that idea more, as well as how the cumulative effects of those systems affect us all.
Aurialie Jublin

Espaces de coworking : le trop-plein - 1 views

  • Il n’existe pas d’étude nationale plus récente sur la viabilité économique des espaces de coworking, qu’ils soient d’initiative publique ou privée. Mais une enquête réalisée par le magazine Deskmag, en 2016, à l’échelle mondiale, révèle que 60 % des espaces de coworking sont déficitaires. L’étude constate que les tiers-lieux situés dans les grandes villes sont plus facilement rentables – à ­condition que le terrain ne soit pas déjà surpeuplé : « Dans les villes où il y a plus d’une cinquantaine d’espaces, la profitabilité chute », note l’enquête.
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    "Depuis 2012, leur nombre a été multiplié par dix. Au risque dene pas toujours trouver leur public."
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