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incremental changes herald the disappearance of K-12 age-graded public schools or the dominant patterns of teacher-centered instruction. What these gradual changes will translate into is a broad array of options for teaching and learning available to both teachers and students. About these ads var wpcom_adclk_hovering = false; var wpcom_adclk_recorded = false; var wpcom_adclk_theme = "Pilcrow"; var wpcom_adclk_slot = "wpcom_below_post_adsafe"; var wpcom_adclk_network = ( typeof wpcom_adclk_network === "undefined" ) ? "" : wpcom_adclk_network ; jQuery(document).ready( function() { function wpcom_adclk_hover_yes() { wpcom_adclk_hovering = true; } function wpcom_adclk_hover_no() { wpcom_adclk_hovering = false; } jQuery(".wpa").click(wpcom_adclk_click); jQuery(".wpa iframe").hover( wpcom_adclk_hover_yes, wpcom_adclk_hover_no ); jQuery(".wpa object").hover( wpcom_adclk_hover_yes, wpcom_adclk_hover_no ); jQuery(window).blur( function() { if ( wpcom_adclk_hovering ) { wpcom_adclk_click(); } }); }); function wpcom_adclk_impression() { var stat_gif = document.location.protocol + "//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv"; stat_gif += "&x_ads_imp_theme=" + wpcom_adclk_theme; stat_gif += "&x_ads_imp_placement="+wpcom_adclk_slot; stat_gif += "&x_ads_imp_network=" + wpcom_adclk_network; stat_gif += "&x_ads_imp_theme_network="+wpcom_adclk_theme+"_"+wpcom_adclk_network; new Image().src = stat_gif + "&baba=" + Math.random(); return true; } function wpcom_adclk_click() { if (wpcom_adclk_recorded) { return true; } // no double counting var stat_gif = document.location.protocol + "//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv"; stat_gif += "&x_ads_click_theme=" + wpcom_adclk_theme; stat_gif += "&x_ads_click_placement="+wpcom_adclk_slot; stat_gif += "&x_ads_click_network=" + wpcom_adclk_network; stat_gif += "&x_ads_click_theme_network="+wpcom_adclk_theme+"_"+wpcom_adclk_network; new Image().src = stat_gif + "&baba=" + Math.random(); wpcom_adclk_recorded = true; var now=new Date(); var end=now.getTime()+250; while(true){now=new Date();if(now.getTime()>end){break;}} return true; } if ( typeof GA_googleAddAttr == 'function' ) { GA_googleAddAttr("AdOpt", "1"); GA_googleAddAttr("Origin", "other"); GA_googleAddAttr("LangId", "1"); GA_googleAddAttr("Domain", "larrycuban.wordpress.com"); GA_googleAddAttr("BlogId", "8903150"); GA_googleAddAttr("PageURL", "https://larrycuban.wordpress.com/2014/12/31/predictions-about-technology-in-k-12-and-higher-education-for-2025/"); GA_googleAddAttr("AdSafe", "1"); GA_googleAddAttr("Autotag", "education"); GA_googleAddAttr("Tag", "how-teachers-teach"); GA_googleAddAttr("Tag", "technology-use"); GA_googleAddAttr("Tag", "how-teachers-teach"); GA_googleAddAttr("Tag", "technology"); GA_googleAddAttr("Partner", "AOL"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_bg", "ffffff"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_border", "bbbbbb"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_text", "333333"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_link", "1c9bdc"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_url", "1c9bdc"); GA_googleAddAdSensePageAttr("google_page_url", "https://larrycuban.wordpress.com/2014/12/31/predictions-about-technology-in-k-12-and-higher-education-for-2025/"); GA_googleFillSlot("wpcom_below_post_adsafe"); } jQuery( window ).load( function() { if ( jQuery(".wpa script[src*='virool.com']").length > 0 || jQuery(".wpa script[src*='shareth.ru']").length > 0 || jQuery(".wpa iframe[src*='boomvideo.tv']").length > 0 || jQuery(".wpa iframe[src*='viewablemedia.net']").length > 0 || jQuery(".wpa .sharethrough-placement").length > 0 ) { jQuery( '.wpa' ).css( 'width', '400px' ); } setTimeout(function(){if(typeof GS_googleAddAdSenseService !== 'function'){new Image().src=document.location.protocol+"//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv&x_noads=adblock&baba="+Math.random()}},100); } ); Share this:ShareTwitter29share-li

None of these incremental changes herald the disappearance of K-12 age-graded public schools or the dominant patterns of teacher-centered instruction. What these gradual changes will translate into is a broad array of options for teaching and learning available to both teachers and students. About these ads var wpcom_adclk_hovering = false; var wpcom_adclk_recorded = false; var wpcom_adclk_theme = "Pilcrow"; var wpcom_adclk_slot = "wpcom_below_post_adsafe"; var wpcom_adclk_network = ( typeof wpcom_adclk_network === "undefined" ) ? "" : wpcom_adclk_network ; jQuery(document).ready( function() { function wpcom_adclk_hover_yes() { wpcom_adclk_hovering = true; } function wpcom_adclk_hover_no() { wpcom_adclk_hovering = false; } jQuery(".wpa").click(wpcom_adclk_click); jQuery(".wpa iframe").hover( wpcom_adclk_hover_yes, wpcom_adclk_hover_no ); jQuery(".wpa object").hover( wpcom_adclk_hover_yes, wpcom_adclk_hover_no ); jQuery(window).blur( function() { if ( wpcom_adclk_hovering ) { wpcom_adclk_click(); } }); }); function wpcom_adclk_impression() { var stat_gif = document.location.protocol + "//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv"; stat_gif += "&x_ads_imp_theme=" + wpcom_adclk_theme; stat_gif += "&x_ads_imp_placement="+wpcom_adclk_slot; stat_gif += "&x_ads_imp_network=" + wpcom_adclk_network; stat_gif += "&x_ads_imp_theme_network="+wpcom_adclk_theme+"_"+wpcom_adclk_network; new Image().src = stat_gif + "&baba=" + Math.random(); return true; } function wpcom_adclk_click() { if (wpcom_adclk_recorded) { return true; } // no double counting var stat_gif = document.location.protocol + "//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv"; stat_gif += "&x_ads_click_theme=" + wpcom_adclk_theme; stat_gif += "&x_ads_click_placement="+wpcom_adclk_slot; stat_gif += "&x_ads_click_network=" + wpcom_adclk_network; stat_gif += "&x_ads_click_theme_network="+wpcom_adclk_theme+"_"+wpcom_adclk_network; new Image().src = stat_gif + "&baba=" + Math.random(); wpcom_adclk_recorded = true; var now=new Date(); var end=now.getTime()+250; while(true){now=new Date();if(now.getTime()>end){break;}} return true; } if ( typeof GA_googleAddAttr == 'function' ) { GA_googleAddAttr("AdOpt", "1"); GA_googleAddAttr("Origin", "other"); GA_googleAddAttr("LangId", "1"); GA_googleAddAttr("Domain", "larrycuban.wordpress.com"); GA_googleAddAttr("BlogId", "8903150"); GA_googleAddAttr("PageURL", "https://larrycuban.wordpress.com/2014/12/31/predictions-about-technology-in-k-12-and-higher-education-for-2025/"); GA_googleAddAttr("AdSafe", "1"); GA_googleAddAttr("Autotag", "education"); GA_googleAddAttr("Tag", "how-teachers-teach"); GA_googleAddAttr("Tag", "technology-use"); GA_googleAddAttr("Tag", "how-teachers-teach"); GA_googleAddAttr("Tag", "technology"); GA_googleAddAttr("Partner", "AOL"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_bg", "ffffff"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_border", "bbbbbb"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_text", "333333"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_link", "1c9bdc"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_url", "1c9bdc"); GA_googleAddAdSensePageAttr("google_page_url", "https://larrycuban.wordpress.com/2014/12/31/predictions-about-technology-in-k-12-and-higher-education-for-2025/"); GA_googleFillSlot("wpcom_below_post_adsafe"); } jQuery( window ).load( function() { if ( jQuery(".wpa script[src*='virool.com']").length > 0 || jQuery(".wpa script[src*='shareth.ru']").length > 0 || jQuery(".wpa iframe[src*='boomvideo.tv']").length > 0 || jQuery(".wpa iframe[src*='viewablemedia.net']").length > 0 || jQuery(".wpa .sharethrough-placement").length > 0 ) { jQuery( '.wpa' ).css( 'width', '400px' ); } setTimeout(function(){if(typeof GS_googleAddAdSenseService !== 'function'){new Image().src=document.location.protocol+"//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv&x_noads=adblock&baba="+Math.random()}},100); } ); Share this:ShareTwitter29 cl

chools or the dominant patterns of teacher-centered instruction. What these gradual changes will translate into is a broad array of options for teaching and learning available to both teachers and students. About these ads var wpcom_adclk_hovering = false; var wpcom_adclk_recorded = false; var wpcom_adclk_theme = "Pilcrow"; var wpcom_adclk_slot = "wpcom_below_post_adsafe"; var wpcom_adclk_network = ( typeof wpcom_adclk_network === "undefined" ) ? "" : wpcom_adclk_network ; jQuery(document).ready( function() { function wpcom_adclk_hover_yes() { wpcom_adclk_hovering = true; } function wpcom_adclk_hover_no() { wpcom_adclk_hovering = false; } jQuery(".wpa").click(wpcom_adclk_click); jQuery(".wpa iframe").hover( wpcom_adclk_hover_yes, wpcom_adclk_hover_no ); jQuery(".wpa object").hover( wpcom_adclk_hover_yes, wpcom_adclk_hover_no ); jQuery(window).blur( function() { if ( wpcom_adclk_hovering ) { wpcom_adclk_click(); } }); }); function wpcom_adclk_impression() { var stat_gif = document.location.protocol + "//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv"; stat_gif += "&x_ads_imp_theme=" + wpcom_adclk_theme; stat_gif += "&x_ads_imp_placement="+wpcom_adclk_slot; stat_gif += "&x_ads_imp_network=" + wpcom_adclk_network; stat_gif += "&x_ads_imp_theme_network="+wpcom_adclk_theme+"_"+wpcom_adclk_network; new Image().src = stat_gif + "&baba=" + Math.random(); return true; } function wpcom_adclk_click() { if (wpcom_adclk_recorded) { return true; } // no double counting var stat_gif = document.location.protocol + "//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv"; stat_gif += "&x_ads_click_theme=" + wpcom_adclk_theme; stat_gif += "&x_ads_click_placement="+wpcom_adclk_slot; stat_gif += "&x_ads_click_network=" + wpcom_adclk_network; stat_gif += "&x_ads_click_theme_network="+wpcom_adclk_theme+"_"+wpcom_adclk_network; new Image().src = stat_gif + "&baba=" + Math.random(); wpcom_adclk_recorded = true; var now=new Date(); var end=now.getTime()+250; while(true){now=new Date();if(now.getTime()>end){break;}} return true; } if ( typeof GA_googleAddAttr == 'function' ) { GA_googleAddAttr("AdOpt", "1"); GA_googleAddAttr("Origin", "other"); GA_googleAddAttr("LangId", "1"); GA_googleAddAttr("Domain", "larrycuban.wordpress.com"); GA_googleAddAttr("BlogId", "8903150"); GA_googleAddAttr("PageURL", "https://larrycuban.wordpress.com/2014/12/31/predictions-about-technology-in-k-12-and-higher-education-for-2025/"); GA_googleAddAttr("AdSafe", "1"); GA_googleAddAttr("Autotag", "education"); GA_googleAddAttr("Tag", "how-teachers-teach"); GA_googleAddAttr("Tag", "technology-use"); GA_googleAddAttr("Tag", "how-teachers-teach"); GA_googleAddAttr("Tag", "technology"); GA_googleAddAttr("Partner", "AOL"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_bg", "ffffff"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_border", "bbbbbb"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_text", "333333"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_link", "1c9bdc"); GA_googleAddAttr("theme_url", "1c9bdc"); GA_googleAddAdSensePageAttr("google_page_url", "https://larrycuban.wordpress.com/2014/12/31/predictions-about-technology-in-k-12-and-higher-education-for-2025/"); GA_googleFillSlot("wpcom_below_post_adsafe"); } jQuery( window ).load( function() { if ( jQuery(".wpa script[src*='virool.com']").length > 0 || jQuery(".wpa script[src*='shareth.ru']").length > 0 || jQuery(".wpa iframe[src*='boomvideo.tv']").length > 0 || jQuery(".wpa iframe[src*='viewablemedia.net']").length > 0 || jQuery(".wpa .sharethrough-placement").length > 0 ) { jQuery( '.wpa' ).css( 'width', '400px' ); } setTimeout(function(){if(typeof GS_googleAddAdSenseService !== 'function'){new Image().src=document.location.protocol+"//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv&x_noads=adblock&baba="+Math.random()}},100); } ); Share this:ShareTwitter29https://larrycuban.wordpress.com/2014/

Blended learning, including “flipped” classrooms, continue to spread across the country. Many teacher and principal bloggers tout how they have integrated the use of new devices into daily lessons, including lessons for Common Core standards

With all of the above occurring, one would think that by 2025, age-graded schools and the familiar teaching and learning that occurs today in K-12 and universities  would have exited the rear door. Not so.

etting access to powerful electronic devices for all students and teachers is surely a victory for those who believe in better technologies solving teaching and learning problems. But access does not dictate use, especially the kind of use that vendors and  technophiles ardently seek

In the past four years, I have predicted that textbooks will be digitized, online learning will spread, and the onset of computer testing will create more access to devices across schools and accelerate classroom usage. These developments will occur incrementally over the next decade and will be obvious to observers but hardly dominant in K-12 age-graded schools.

While higher education textbooks  have shifted markedly to e-books and less expensive ways of getting content into students’ devices, the K-12 market remains a proprietary domain of a handful of publishers (e.g. Pearson, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, and McGraw-Hill Education) in part due to the mechanics of  certain states (e.g.Florida, California, and Texas) dominating which texts get chosen.

12 online learning will also spread slowly, very slowly, as blended learning and “flipped” classrooms gain traction. Both of these innovative twists on traditional classroom teaching, however, will reinforce the age-graded school, not dismantle it.

If organizations are to develop a capacity to work with mental models then it will be necessary for people to learn new skills and develop new orientations, and for their to be institutional changes that foster such change. ‘Entrenched mental models… thwart changes that could come from systems thinking’ (ibid.: 203). Moving the organization in the right direction entails working to transcend the sorts of internal politics and game playing that dominate traditional organizations. In other words it means fostering openness (Senge 1990: 273-286). It also involves seeking to distribute business responsibly far more widely while retaining coordination and control. Learning organizations are localized organizations (ibid.: 287-301).

it’s the capacity to hold a share picture of the future we seek to create’ (1990: 9). Such a vision has the power to be uplifting – and to encourage experimentation and innovation. Crucially, it is argued, it can also foster a sense of the long-term, something that is fundamental to the ‘fifth discipline’.

When there is a genuine vision (as opposed to the all-to-familiar ‘vision statement’), people excel and learn, not because they are told to, but because they want to. But many leaders have personal visions that never get translated into shared visions that galvanize an organization… What has been lacking is a discipline for translating vision into shared vision – not a ‘cookbook’ but a set of principles and guiding practices. The practice of shared vision involves the skills of unearthing shared ‘pictures of the future’ that foster genuine commitment and enrolment rather than compliance. In mastering this discipline, leaders learn the counter-productiveness of trying to dictate a vision, no matter how heartfelt. (Senge 1990: 9)

By attending to purpose, leaders can cultivate an understanding of what the organization (and its members) are seeking to become. One of the issues here is that leaders often have strengths in one or two of the areas but are unable, for example, to develop systemic understanding. A key to success is being able to conceptualize insights so that they become public knowledge, ‘open to challenge and further improvement’ (ibid.: 356).

In a learning organization, leaders are designers, stewards and teachers. They are responsible for building organizations were people continually expand their capabilities to understand complexity, clarify vision, and improve shared mental models – that is they are responsible for learning…. Learning organizations will remain a ‘good idea’… until people take a stand for building such organizations. Taking this stand is the first leadership act, the start of inspiring (literally ‘to breathe life into’) the vision of the learning organization. (Senge 1990: 340)

In essence, ‘the leaders’ task is designing the learning processes whereby people throughout the organization can deal productively with the critical issues they face, and develop their mastery in the learning disciplines’ (ibid.: 345).

One of the important things to grasp here is that stewardship involves a commitment to, and responsibility for the vision, but it does not mean that the leader owns it. It is not their possession. Leaders are stewards of the vision, their task is to manage it for the benefit of others (hence the subtitle of Block’s book – ‘Choosing service over self-interest’). Leaders learn to see their vision as part of something larger. Purpose stories evolve as they are being told, ‘in fact, they are as a result of being told’ (Senge 1990: 351). Leaders have to learn to listen to other people’s vision and to change their own where necessary. Telling the story in this way allows others to be involved and to help develop a vision that is both individual and shared.

People need to be able to act together. When teams learn together, Peter Senge suggests, not only can there be good results for the organization, members will grow more rapidly than could have occurred otherwise.

It is about fostering learning, for everyone. Such leaders help people throughout the organization develop systemic understandings. Accepting this responsibility is the antidote to one of the most common downfalls of otherwise gifted teachers – losing their commitment to the truth. (Senge 1990: 356)

. should be embedded within the core subject discipline curriculum so that examples can be course specific and that info lit can be made apparent at point of need and not as a separate (and poorer) cousin.

to allow different teachers to adapt the curriculum to their own teaching style.

I believe information literacy has to be context‐sensitive both in subject but also individual experience.

he need to build on knowledge over time and to ‘scaffold’ the learner with greater levels of support in their first year or at critical points in their career was highlighted. However,it was important for the curriculum to be coherent and to ‘fit together’ and as one expert said:

No longer should the library be trying to sell its resources as part of information literacy instruction. Rather than focusing on resources, IL instruction should be focusing on habits of mind. Librarians’ role as a guide through the information landscape should not be touted but demonstrated.

The IL curriculum needs to consider the whole students information experience – skills are just one aspect.

Collaboration between different groups of staff was considered to be extremely important in terms of the successful implementation of any information literacy strategy or curriculum.

student‐centred approach’.

experts were clear that information literacy should be timed to happen at the point of need, but also that it should extend beyond simple induction.

Effort needs to be made to embed IL into the curriculum at later stages as well.

scalable approach.

Collaboration between library staff and academics was widely advocated, with many experts recognizing the role that learning developers, IT staff and also students could play.

work together to integrate it into the learning experience.

Many experts felt it was critical to the success of a programme that an audit of student abilities was carried out at the outset, to help better understand the needs of the students and any gaps in their knowledge. It would also help in planning more meaningful sessions, as otherwise itwas very easy to make assumptions about what students might know

the concerns of the different stakeholders were considered.

For students the key is to make them see that IL expertise will improve their grades. Students will respond to this most of all. There is some evidence that the term ‘information literacy’ has no currency with students (maybe not academics either), so while we can use it to coordinate efforts within the library, avoid using it externally. We need to show how the library adds value ‐ and increases marks.

Librarians are no longer seen simply as gatekeepers of information, but partners with faculty helping to facilitate learning.

The experts talked about a reluctance by some librarians to regard teaching as part of their role and a lack of confidence around more discursive teaching techniques

there is a danger ofconfusing IT awareness with information literacy.

the digital natives literature has vastly over‐rated info skills of young people, and also they may think they have better skills than they do. At the same time you have to appreciate that some students will be highly skilled online and any introduction that begins at too basic a level will put them off.

Experts agreed that independent learning and information literacy were closely linked: Information literacy creates an independent learning style which can become a self sustainable habit thorough life which must surely be considered as a desirable graduate attribute.

Experts were unanimous in the need to include evaluation skills in the information literacy curriculum.

Rather, it emphasises the need for students to appreciate a wide range of resources used by researchers in their field, although some of those described below might be valuable for students in a variety of different academic disciplines.

intense, deep research skills are lacking. Being able to find not just "good enough" sources but the best sources is critical.

Many librarians might traditionally regard managing information as being solely about bibliographic management, but file management, management of web resources and also developing an understanding of how to keep up to date, should form a fundamental part of the curriculum.

Traditionally this might include an understanding of plagiarism, and citation and referencing techniques.

Sharing information appropriately also forms part of the ethical use of information.

The need to present like someone on TED talks. Is presentation an information literacy skill? It's a digital literacy skill. Being literate in the tools, modes and reach of your presentations (slideshare, podcast, recording and rights.)

I don’t know howyou get across to people that it’s not simply about finding the answer, it’s finding your voice to make a valid answer.

Managing your online identity, web presence or ‘digital footprint’

rodusage ‐ not a consumer but not a producer either ‐ ideas of production and consumption are pre‐internet concepts. Forces of publication/dissemination now much more wide‐spread, democratized. “Produsers” produce and use at the same time. IL is beginning to sound a bit stale

I suppose the idea of synthesising information from different sources – students really struggle with this ‐ the ideasof looking at two different sources and evaluate them – even if its not evaluating for quality, they might both have different opinions about something. Compare and contrast – that idea.

Part of it is developing citizens that are aware and socially conscious ... being an information conscious person and an IL person when it comes to elections and major issues like a referendum.... It’s ina much broader sense we are talking about when we talk about IL.

That solution has two fundamental underpinnings: the first is that information literacy is an issue for every college and university; and the second is that librarians should occupy a position in attempts to define and achieve campus-wide information literacy.

While it is legitimate to use some of the information available on the web, students need to learn how to evaluate that information.

A study conducted by two researchers at the Manchester Metropolitan University in the United Kingdom found that 75% of the students surveyed used Google as their first port of call when locating information, with the university library catalogue used by only 10%.

In general, faculty members involved in the process were willing to collaborate with librarians who served as consultants, as instructors, and as team players in designing, teaching and implementing course assignmen

One particular model which has proven to be effective is course integrated instruction. With this model, librarians and teaching faculty co-design a course, and make sure that information literacy is incorporated in the course.

They not only sought to build short-term programmatic partnerships but more importantly, formal long-term working relationships with campus units, groups, departments and administrators.

“Integrating Literacy into the Liberal Arts College Curriculum.

launched a campaign to recruit faculty as partners in the process

took advantage of the liaison system already in place

Symposiums were organized for faculty and librarians to focus on assessment and science disciplines.

offered a workshop

More and more course-related or integrated instruction sessions have come to play a bigger role in making students more information literate.

Changing fee structures, student experience and access to digitized information on the internet, librarians have had to rethink their approach to teaching IL skills

McGuinness (2007) argues that librarians tend to act in a reactive manner to the needs of academics, rather than proactively to promote IL skills.

eads to ad hoc, short-term solutions designed only to address one or two issues.

dds that librarians should align their own goals of incorporating IL skills into the curriculum with the goals of academics and institutions to influence the power structures within institutions and help shape educational content.

highlights both the ambiguity around how IL should be taught, and the important role faculty awareness of IL and integration of library staff plays in integrating IL

unpack the “culture clash” between librarians and academics

cGuinness (2006) found that academics expected students to “learn by doing” through collaborative projects with peers and dissertation reports with occasional support from staff, without a clear sense of how students would develop critical and analytical IL skills

aculty also tended to believe that a student’s ability to gain IL skills were driven by the student’s own motivation, interests and innate abilities, rather than the quality and format of the available instructional opportunities

Multiple literacies, including digital, visual, textual, and technological, have now joined information literacy as crucial skills for this century”

These collaborative efforts have enabled librarians to encourage and support faculty in establishing learning priorities which will ensure that students be equipped with the competencies to become effective lifelong learners.

Only by establishing a successful partnership between librarians and faculty, can the goal of mastery of information literacy by students be accomplished.

The goal of librarian-faculty collaboration in integrating information literacy into the curriculum is to enable students to learn the skills and competencies needed for success during their life time

To make sure that everyone is able to become an educated, skilled, and information-literate person, librarians and faculty at institutions of higher education throughout the world will need to work together as partners to provide the education

Some would argue that grit is inherent in Albert Bandura’s research on self-efficacy, and that resilience is also part of i

tackling grit in my classroom and school.

Read Books About Grit

Talk About Grit

Share Examples

elp Students Develop a Growth Mindset

rol Dweck from Stanford University teaches us that students who have a growth mindset are more successful than those who think that intelligence is fixed. 5. Reframe Problems Using stories and examples from Malcom Gladwell's book David and Goliath, we talk about "desirable difficulties." Students need perspective about problems to prevent them from giving up, quitting or losing hope. 6. Find a Framework I use Angela Maiers' Classroom Habitudes as my framework. The KIPP framework specifically includes grit as one of its seven traits. Find one that works for your school and includes clear performance values. 7. Live Grittily You teach with your life. Perhaps that is why Randy Pausch's Last Lecture and David Menasche's Priority List resonate. These teachers used their own battle with death itself as a way to teach. But you don't have to die to be an effective teacher. Our own work ethic yells so loudly that kids know exactly what we think about grit. 8. Foster Safe Circumstances That Encourage Grit Never mistake engaging, fun or even interesting for easy. We don't jump up and down when we tear off a piece of tape because "I did it." No one celebrates easy, but everyone celebrates championships and winners because those take grit (and more). We need more circumstances to help kids to develop grit before they can "have it." Tough academic requirements, sports and outdoor opportunities are all ways to provide opportunities for developing grit. Verena Roberts, Chief Innovation Officer of CANeLearn says: One of the best ways to learn about grit is to focus on outdoor education and go out into the wild. Grit is about not freaking out, taking a deep breath, and moving on. 9. Help Students Develop Intentional Habits Read about best practices for creating habits, because habits and self-control require grit. 10. Acknowledge the Sacrifice Grit Requires Grit takes time, and many students aren't giving it. In their 2010 paper "The Falling Time Cost of College", Babcock and Marks demonstrate that, in 1961, U.S. undergraduates studied 24 hours a week outside of class. In 1981, that fell to 20 hours, and in 2003, it was 14 hours per week. This is not to create a blame or generation gap discussion, but rather to point out the cost of being well educated. We are what we do, and if we study less and work less, then we will learn less. Educators Need Grit Now we as teachers just need the grit to do whatever it takes to turn education around, and that starts with hard work and our own modern version of true grit. Teaching it and living it is now front and center in the education conversation. Vicki Davis @coolcatteacher's Profile Sign in or register to post Sign in to vote! (3) The Educational Benefits of GritThe character traits of determination, adaptability and reflection add up to a critical 21st century skill.<< Previous Next >> Learn More About Education Trends Latest Reconnecting Adults With Playful Learning A New Must-Read for All Educators Google for Educators: The Best Features for Busy Teachers What Is Personalization, Really? 20 Top Pinterest Tips Vicki Davis @coolcatteacher Computer Fundamentals, Computer Science and IT Integrator from Camilla, GA follow: http://www.facebook.com/coolcatteacherhttp://www.twitter.com/coolcatteacherhttps://plus.google.com/+VickiDavishttp://www.youtube.com/coolcatteacher/http://www.linkedin.com/in/coolcatteacher/http://www.pinterest.com/coolcatteacher Related Tags: Education TrendsCollege ReadinessResilience and GritCharacter EducationAll Grades In This Series T

But in most situations, school administrators and teachers cannot prevent you from saying something just because it is controversial.

true threat A defamatory statement Obscene

True Threats Whether you are in school or not, online or in-person, the right to free speech does not protect speech that a reasonable person would interpret as a serious expression of your desire and ability to harm him/her.

Defamatory Statements The right to free speech also does not protect false personal attacks against another person that are untrue, that harm someone's reputation, and that you knew, or should have known, were untrue when you said or wrote it.

Obscene Speech The right to free speech does not protect speech that deals with sex in a manner appealing to purely lustful interests in a patently offensive manner, and without serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.

For speech to be considered a "true threat," it must be something that a reasonable person would interpret as a serious expression of an intention to harm him/her.

If the school provides students with an e-mail address, it can impose rules on its use. For example, it can require that the address be used only for school-related purposes and can prohibit using the account in a way that interferes with another student's learning, such as sending flames or bullying messag

It may also monitor what you view, send, or receive on school-provided computers or e-mail account

Your school may prohibit all access to the Internet on any computer. Or your school may prohibit using school computers to access the Internet, including sites such as Facebook or YouTube, or using Hotmail or Gmail accounts, if school officials believe access is disruptive to the schoo

When you are using the school's computer and Internet access, school officials can see what you are sending and receiving onlin

Check your personal e-mail or non-school-related websites outside of school, on your own time, with a computer that does not belong to the school.

But merely because you are off campus, you are not free to say just anything. Remember, state and federal laws make it illegal to post threats of violence against a person or to advocate certain illegal action

Posting information on the Internet can be like publishing it in the newspaper. If the website is public, anyone can look at i

Keep in mind that school officials, college admissions officers, and potential employers are free to look at it.

Other people could take your posting and copy it to another website where you can't delete it

What's more, what you put on a public website may stay on the Internet foreve

School administrators and teachers grappling with the often confusing and contradictory premises of these popular initiatives can draw on three useful sources of information: (1) meta-analyses of research studies regarding program effectiveness and instructional practices that support and enhance achievement, (2) studies of the initiatives' effect on English language learners' English language acquisition and academic achievement, and (3) databases that compile language assessments administered to large populations of English language learners over time and across grade levels. Several myths about the instruction of English language learners do not stand up to scrutiny when examined through the lens of this research base.

The "One-Size-Fits-All" Myth

Schools throughout the United States use a variety and range of theoretically sound programs to meet the needs of their specific populations of English language learners, who vary in demographic and linguistic characteristics.

For instance, bilingual programs are appropriate and effective in schools that serve concentrations of students who use a common native language

In many schools, however, English language learners speak a number of different native languages; such schools often use English as the common language of content-area instruction. Therefore, some state agencies and language-minority educators advocate a mix of services and program types in response to each school district's demographic mix—an approach that contradicts the state laws requiring a default model of sheltered English immersion

The "Language of Instruction" Myth

But according to Education Week, cumulative and comparative studies based on National Assessment for Educational Progress (NAEP) scores suggest that statewide mandates limiting bilingual education in California, Arizona, and Massachusetts have produced "less-than-stellar" results (Zehr, 2008, p. 10).

Proponents of the ballot initiatives mandating sheltered English immersion argue that bilingual education is the reason for low levels of English proficiency among immigrant students—especially Latinos, the group served by the vast majority of the bilingual programs.

(Parrish, Pérez, Merickel, & Linquanti, 2006). The study found that students participating in English-only education programs had no statistically significant advantage in terms of academic achievement over those in bilingual education programs that parents chose through the waiver process under the law.

Thus, ballot initiatives have not realized their goal of improving English language learners' academic achievement.

In denying the injunction against the implementation of Proposition 227, the U.S. District Court in Valeria G. v. Wilson (1998) ruled that structured English immersion was based on delivery of English language and content instruction that was "sequential" rather than "simultaneous."

This focus is based on the belief that the "problem" facing these students is essentially a "language problem.

K-12 Program Continuity and Coherence Programs for English language learners must be proven models with a demonstrated track record. Programs must have long-term goals and continuity in the curriculum as students move up through the grade levels. As students' listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in English grow, the focus of instruction should shift, and instruction should be differentiated according to students' language levels (Mora, 2006). Differentiating the curriculum in this way requires monitoring students' progress toward performance benchmarks in English language proficiency, literacy, and content-area learning (Gottlieb & Nguyen, 2007)

Targeted Professional Development Educators must view the education of language-minority students as a shared responsibility. Teachers must have ample professional preparation in how to use appropriate curricular materials and teaching strategies to promote English language learners' achievement. Both new and experienced teachers need intensive professional development above and beyond the teacher education coursework required by the state credential and certificate programs. For example, teachers should be knowledgeable about second-language acquisition and cross-linguistic transfer so that students learning in their second language can capitalize on the commonalities in literacy with their native language, regardless of whether their instruction is in dual languages.

Local school districts must have the freedom and support to establish sheltered English immersion programs and/or bilingual education programs depending on community values, parental choice, and available resources. Policies must allow flexibility in use of students' native languages—especially for development of literacy skills. In states with anti-bilingual mandates, local jurisdictions should apply liberal and open interpretation of petition and waiver requirements to support parent empowerment and involvement in program selection.

Research-Based Policies to Replace Politically Based Policies

4.  Spotlight Respect For All Cultures: Reaffirm the message about being supportive of one another, kind, understanding and patient. Encourage everyone to openly talk about their personal cultures, traditions and languages. Have parties celebrating the different cultures in the class, sharing music, historical family photos, dances, games, food and traditions.  Hold discussions about the history of America, immigration, and the value of diversity and differences. Encourage students to share their own stories of immigration, passed down from generation to generation.

5.  Community: If the parents and/or guardians do not speak English, request an interpreter if possible for all school communication, including parties, conferences and special events. Invite parents to all school community functions to encourage and foster a sense of belonging. If possible, introduce other students and/or families who speak the same language as the ESL student. Sharing cultural commonalities will provide strong bonds for students, parents and teachers.

6.  Assess Students Informally: Assess ESL students on an informal basis when they first arrive to class, and ongoing during the school year. It is imperative to primarily check for understanding in regard to basic and social needs. Pay attention from the sideline to see if they know numbers, letters and/or short English phrases. Continuously check for comprehension and growth informally, make notes and never be afraid to raise the bar and challenge a bit.

7.  Don’t Discourage Native Language Use:  With all good intentions, this is a common mistake teachers can make. ESL students who have a stronger foundation of their native language will have a shorter route to acquiring English. Don’t discourage native language use, as this will result in negative feelings about the student’s language and culture, and may cause delay in English language acquisition. Provide free time for the ESL student to read and write in their native language

8.  Use Manipulatives, Visuals, Games, Music and Hands-On Activities in the Classroom: According to William Glaser, we learn 80% of what we experience, and 95% of what we teach others. ESL students do exceptionally well when this theory is followed. Involve them in projects that will encourage them to talk as much as possible with their classmates.   Some ideas for projects are the following:  cooking (following easy directions), art (drawing, painting, sculpture), musical activities (music provides an amazing platform for learning), and acting (for example, charades).

9.  Provide Various Opportunities For Talking and Consider Seat Placement: It is very important to consider seat placement in the classroom for the ESL student. All too often, ESL students are seated in the back of the classroom, which leads to a great lack of contribution, listening, and  participation. Try and seat the ESL student close to the front, especially with other students who are inviting and enjoy conversation. Provide the most opportunities as possible for talking and listening to others in the class via group work. You will be surprised how much shorter the silent period will end. 

10. Communicate with the ESL teacher: Maintain communication with the ESL teacher as much as possible. The sooner both teachers are working together, the quicker the student will learn English. Be open to the ESL teacher’s suggestions, let him/her share in the modification of classwork, and invite the ESL teacher into your classroom. 

To many, leaders are not born, but made. It is increasingly accepted, however, that in order to be a good leader, one must have the experience, knowledge, commitment, patience, and most importantly the skill to negotiate and work with others to achieve goals.

Good leaders are thus made, not born

Great man theories assume that the capacity for leadership is inherent, that great leaders are born, not made

the trait theory assumes that people inherit certain qualities or traits make them better suited to leadership.

Contingency theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which style of leadership is best suited for a particular work situation.

Situational theory proposes that leaders choose the best course of action based upon situational conditions or circumstances.

Behavioural theories of leadership are based on the belief that great leaders are made, not born.

articipative leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that takes the input of others into account.

P

Transactional theories, also known as management theories, focus on the role of supervision, organization and group performance and the exchanges that take place between leaders and followers. These theories base leadership on a system of rewards and punishments (Charry, 2012).

Relationship theories, also known as transformational theories, focus on the connections formed between leaders and followers. In these theories, leadership is the process by which a person engages with others and is able to “create a connection” that results in increased motivationand morality in both followers and leaders. 

This theory states that learned knowledge and acquired skills/abilities are significant factors in the practice of effective leadership. Skills theory by no means refuses to acknowledge the connection between inherited traits and the capacity to lead effectively, but argues that learned skills, a developed style, and acquired knowledge, are the real keys to leadership performance.

Autocratic leadership is an extreme form of transactional leadership, where leaders have complete power over staff. Staff and team members have little opportunity to make suggestions, even if these are in the best interest of the team or organization

Bureaucratic leaders follow rules rigorously, and ensure that their staff also follow procedures precisely.

Charismatic leadership theory describes what to expect from both leaders and followers. Charismatic leadership i

a leadership style that is identifiable bu

may be perceived with less tangibility than other leadership styles

Democratic leaders make the final decisions, but include team members in the decision-making process. They encourage creativity, and team members are often highly engaged in projects and decisions.

Laissez-faire leadership may be the best or the worst of leadership styles (Goodnight, 2011). Laissez-faire, this French phrase for “let it be,” when applied to leadership describes leaders who allow people to work on their own. Laissez-faire leaders abdicate responsibilities and avoid making decisions, they may give teams complete freedom to do their work and set their own deadlines.

This leadership style starts with the idea that team members agree to obey their leader when they accept a job.

She and her mom were proud that she had done her own research. When she said that she got her information from Wikipedia, I suggested that she might wish to include her source on the project, but she did not want to. She did not know if she would be presenting the project to her classmates.

My concern was not just about the credibility of using Wikipedia for academic purposes. The reading level was too advanced for a typical third-grader. Researchers (Anderson, 2012) have found the overall readability of numerous Wikipedia articles too difficult for many readers.

How is the research process introduced to elementary students, particularly for using the internet? Are learners provided an age-appropriate online tutorial? Is there a standards document indicating skills that students should be developing in elementary grades for using technology to conduct research?  What guidelines/templates are students provided for developing their projects? Are they provided a checklist/rubric for how projects would be graded? Who sees their projects?  How do you make parents aware that their children will be doing internet research and that their children’s “online safety” has been considered?

elementary learners can hop on the Research Rocket at the online portal Kentucky Virtual Library: How to Do Research and find an interactive and engaging tutorial designed just for them. Content might also benefit classroom lessons and discussions, particularly in K–2 when

ibrary media specialists in the School District of New Berlin (WI) developed a series of research guides and templates, organized by grade-bands. Templates for grades 4 to 6 combine a checklist or rubric.  Lankau, Parrish, Quillin and Schilling (2004) developed the Research Project Guide: A Handbook for Teachers and Studentsfor Humble Independent School District in Texas.

Symbaloo, a social bookmarking tool, for this purpose. The Elementary Research Guide focuses on the Super 3 and Big 6 research models for grades K–2 and 3 to 5, respectively. Presentations on the Super 3 and Big 6 models, posted on Slideshare.net, illustrate that educators value both models.  

SweetSearch search engine, which weeds out the junk they usually find on Google or Bing and which highlights their keywords and pulls text from the website into the list of search results.

My older students will be using EasyBib to organize their links and their notes. While my third graders will not be doing true citation yet, I will be teaching citation to my seventh graders and requiring all of their projects to be accompanied by a bibliography, which they will create in EasyBib.

The SweetSearch Tutorial: Not only is SweetSearch an amazing search tool for kids, but they have some great resources here for helping digest what research is and how to approach it. Copyright Confusion Wiki: A one-stop shop for all things copyright and fair use. How to Do Research Another take on the research process from the Kentucky Virtual Library. Diigo for Educators A robust social bookmarking tool through which students can bookmark sites, highlight right on the site, share bookmarks with their peers and take notes on webpages. Teachers can create student accounts without needing emails. SweetSearch A kid-friendly search engine. EasyBib A robust online citation and organizing tool. Flickr Find copyright-free images with Creative Commons licenses. Search Creative Commons Find Creative Commons content on popular sites.Filed Under

Their new plan to impose spending caps on school budgets might help accomplish that goal

The cap means officials could not present to voters any budget plan that resulted in a more than 2 percent increase in per-pupil costs. And it’s this language that teachers object to the most. Allen says it’s a blunt policy instrument that will inflict serious harm on public schools.

If a vote for a community exceeds 2 percent per pupil in expenditures, it’s deemed to have failed,” Sharpe says

But the most contentious provision in the bill calls for a hard cap on per-pupil spending increases.

But even diehard proponents of education funding reform say the House Education Committee’s approach could do more harm than good.

“It’s unfortunate, taking away more authority from local school boards and local decision makers and local voters,” Scheuermann says.

The House Committee on Ways and Means will d

bate the proposed spending cap when lawmakers return to Montpelier next week. Sh

arpe says the version of the cap in the education committee’s bill is admittedly flawed, insofar as it fails to recognize various factors that might make a per-pupil spending increases of more than 2 percent necessary for some districts.

you now have the ability to not only view the document, but to make revisions or comments along the way.

Instead of emailing documents back and forth (which is a huge pain with many opportunities for confusion) teachers can go quickly to Drive, find and open the student’s paper in the Drive table of contents, and make “live” comments and corrections on the student’s paper.

To make a comment simply highlight a section with your cursor and click the “comment” button.

Just select File > See Revision history and click on any date/time.

If it’s too much detail, click on Show less detailed revisions.

 File > Download as… or simply choosing File > Print.

You can explore many tools for teachers at the Chrome store.

By using the freeLearnly Voice Comments tool, you can incorporate your own spoken comments into any Google Drive document.

"Don't smile till November," because that's what she was taught in her teacher education program.

make better teachers

So why does teacher education only give you theory and theory and tell you about standards and tell you about all of these things that have nothing to do with the basic skills, that magic that you need to engage an audience, to engage a student?

content and theories with the absence of the magic of teaching and learning means nothing.

And if we could transform teacher education to focus on teaching teachers how to create that magic then poof! we could make dead classes come alive, we could reignite imaginations, and we can change education.