Biological functions and clinical implications of oestrogen receptors alfa and beta in ... - 0 views
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ER estrogen receptors ER-alpha ER alpha ER-beta ER beta hormones hormone
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 14
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ERα-positive cells respond to E2 with increased proliferation
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The proliferative response to E2 seems to be determined by the ratio of ERα/ERβ. The functions of ERβ in the breast are probably related to its antiproliferative as well as its prodifferentiative functions
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In the human prostate, ERβ is expressed in the basal epithelial cells and AR in the luminal epithelium.
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For many years, DHT was considered to be the main hormone guiding prostate development and function. However, the idea was challenged when in 2001 Mahendroo et al. showed that mice in which both forms of 5α-reductase had been inactivated, have a normal functional prostate [50]. The question was then raised as to what is the real function of DHT in the prostate. In 1989 we hypothesized that DHT is a precursor of an oestrogen, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3β-Adiol) and that physiological levels of an oestrogen could be produced in the total absence of aromatase [51]. We later demonstrated that 3β-Adiol is abundant in the prostate and is a good natural ligand for ERβ
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The overall effect of oestrogens in the immune system is determined by a balance between ERα and ERβ signalling
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The hypothesis of our group is that ERβ plays an important role in regulating the differentiation of pluripotent haematopoietic progenitor cells whereas ERα induces proliferation
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In tissues and cell lines of mammary epithelium for example, it has been noticed that E2 in the presence of ERα elicits proliferation, but in the presence of ERβ it inhibits proliferation
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ERα and ERβ have distinctive tissue distributions and to the great surprise of endocrinologists [7] many tissues previously thought to be ‘oestrogen-insensitive tissues’ were found to be ERβ positive and oestrogen sensitive. The most notable of the ERα-negative ERβ-abundant tissues were the epithelium of the rodent ventral prostate [8], the granulosa cells of the ovaries [9] and the parenchyma of the lungs
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Awesome article discusses the different balance of ER alpha and ER beta and the effects on tissue as it relates to proliferation versus differentiation. This has clear implications in disease. Physicians prescribing hormones without a knowledge and understanding of this are only causing potential harm to their clients.