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French to India Medical Travel: Le coût de la chirurgie des tumeurs cérébrale... - 0 views

frenchtoindiamedicaltravel.blogspot.com/...nywhere-else-in-the-world.html Dr Sandeep Vaishya Inde Meilleur neurochirurgien au Fortis Hospital Delhi Chirurgie des tumeurs cérébrales en Inde
shared by spineneuro on 31 Aug 21 - No Cached
  • spineneuro on 31 Aug 21
     
    La chirurgie des tumeurs cérébrales a coûté en Inde, elle est extraordinairement abordable et, par rapport aux pays développés, elle s'avère extrêmement peu coûteuse, ce qui représente près d'un tiers du prix évalué aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni.
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Chirurgie cardiaque en Inde Votre solution ultime au secret de vos problèmes ... - 0 views

french-health-trip-2-india.blogspot.com/...-cardiac-surgery-in-india.html chirurgie cardiaque Inde Les meilleurs hôpitaux pour la chirurgie cardiaque en Inde Coût de la chirurgie cardiaque en Inde Chirurgie cardiaque low-cost Inde hôpitaux de chirurgie cardiaque en Inde les meilleurs chirurgiens cardiaques de l'Inde liste des m
shared by indian-health on 04 Jan 22 - No Cached
  • indian-health on 04 Jan 22
     
    En ces temps difficiles de pandémie, votre forme physique et votre sécurité sont la priorité absolue dans les hôpitaux indiens. La chirurgie cardiaque à faible coût Indi est actuellement moins chère que ses pays occidentaux comme les États-Unis et par conséquent le Royaume-Uni. Lire la suite https://french-health-trip-2-india.blogspot.com/2022/01/belgium-cardiac-surgery-in-india.html
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Votre recherche de chirurgie dentaire abordable en Inde se termine parmi les 10 meilleu... - 0 views

frenchtoindiamedicatourisml.blogspot.com/...-dental-surgeons-of-india.html Chirurgie Dentaire Inde Coût de la chirurgie dentaire en Inde Chirurgie dentaire à faible coût en Inde Les chirurgiens dentistes en Inde  Meilleur chirurgien dentiste de l'Inde Meilleur chirurgien dentiste en Inde Top 10 des chirurgiens dentistes de l'Ind
shared by indian-health on 12 Jan 22 - No Cached
  • indian-health on 12 Jan 22
     
    Les 10 meilleurs chirurgiens-dentistes de l'Inde sont expérimentés et bien équipés pour faire face à tout type d'urgence. sont un dentiste créatif, expert et un service de haute qualité avec d'excellents résultats. Lire la suite : https://frenchtoindiamedicatourisml.blogspot.com/2022/01/belgium-affordable-dental-surgery-india-ends-at-top-10-dental-surgeons-of-india.html Appelez-nous +91-9371136499 Écrivez-nous contact@indianhealthguru.com
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Aperçu de l'avenir avec la chirurgie oculaire à faible coût en Inde - 0 views

french-travel-2-india-4-health.blogspot.com/...ow-cost-eye-surgery-india.html Chirurgie oculaire Inde Chirurgiens ophtalmologiques en Inde Meilleurs chirurgiens ophtalmologistes de l'Inde Meilleurs chirurgiens oculaires en Inde Top 10 des chirurgiens ophtalmologistes de l'Inde Meilleurs hôpitaux de chirurgie oculaire en Inde Les me
shared by indian-health on 31 Jul 22 - No Cached
  • indian-health on 31 Jul 22
     
    L'Inde est reconnue comme un centre d'excellence en ophtalmologie, avec des chirurgiens ophtalmologistes professionnels et qualifiés en Inde, et le faible coût des soins oculaires ; ces chirurgiens sont le choix préféré des patients du monde entier.
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Améliorez la santé de votre cœur dans les meilleurs hôpitaux cardiaques de Mu... - 0 views

frenchtoindiamedicatourisml.blogspot.com/...iac-surgery-cost-in-india.html Chirurgie cardiaque Inde Meilleurs chirurgiens cardiaques de Mumbai Les meilleurs chirurgiens cardiaques de Mumbai Les meilleurs hôpitaux de chirurgie cardiaque de Mumbai Meilleurs hôpitaux pour la chirurgie cardiaque Mumbai Les meilleurs hôpitaux cardiaq
shared by indian-health on 25 Jun 22 - No Cached
  • indian-health on 25 Jun 22
     
    Le coût de la chirurgie cardiaque en Inde est certainement l'un des facteurs les plus importants qui attirent les gens en Inde, mais l'expertise et la confiance dans l'exceptionnel et la confiance dans la qualité du traitement sont une autre raison de la croissance des patients étrangers.
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Les chirurgiens cardiaques de Mumbai ouvrent la porte à votre nouvelle vie - 0 views

french-health-trip-2-india.blogspot.com/...ardiac-surgeons-in-mumbai.html Chirurgie cardiaque Inde Coût de la chirurgie cardiaque en Inde Chirurgie cardiaque à faible coût en Inde Chirurgie cardiaque abordable en Inde Meilleur prix pour la chirurgie cardiaque en Inde Meilleurs chirurgiens cardiaques de Mumbai Les meilleurs chir
shared by indian-health on 02 Feb 22 - No Cached
  • indian-health on 02 Feb 22
     
    La chirurgie cardiaque en Inde est disponible à une fraction du coût que les patients internationaux devraient payer ailleurs. Le faible coût de la chirurgie cardiaque en Inde attire des centaines de patients cardiaques de l'étranger. En comparaison avec les pays occidentaux tels que la Grande-Bretagne et les États-Unis, le coût de la chirurgie cardiaque en Inde ne représente qu'une fraction de ce qu'il coûte là-bas. Les meilleurs hôpitaux cardiaques de Mumbai offrent des services de santé à des tarifs extrêmement abordables, soutenus par des résultats de haute qualité dans la mesure car les patients du monde entier sont concernés. Les meilleurs hôpitaux cardiaques de Mumbai sont de bonne qualité et sont équipés d'une équipe de chirurgiens qualifiés utilisant la chirurgie robotique en Inde.
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French to India Medical Travel: Pourquoi la neurochirurgie du Dr Vipul Gupta ... - 0 views

frenchtoindiamedicaltravel.blogspot.com/...nywhere-else-in-the-world.html meilleur neurologue interventionnel de Delhi en Inde Dr Vipul Gupta l'hôpital Artemis de Gurgaon
shared by spineneuro on 14 Jun 22 - No Cached
  • spineneuro on 14 Jun 22
     
    Le meilleur neurologue interventionnel de Delhi en Inde est fier de fournir des soins neurochirurgicaux inégalés aux plus hauts niveaux de réalisations technologiques et chirurgicales. Après avoir contacté le Dr Vipul Gupta à l'hôpital Artemis de Gurgaon, il offre l'excellence et son objectif est de donner à ses patients du Bangladesh la meilleure qualité de vie possible.
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French Health Trip To India: Comment le Dr Ajay Kaul en Inde offre-t-il une meilleure c... - 0 views

french-health-trip-2-india.blogspot.com/...g-a-better-chance-of-life.html Dr Ajay Kaul chirurgien de l'insuffisance cardiaque
shared by indiacardiacsurg on 08 Jun 22 - No Cached
  • indiacardiacsurg on 08 Jun 22
     
    Le Dr Ajay Kaul, chirurgien spécialiste de l'insuffisance cardiaque, est à l'avant-garde des nouveaux développements et des nouvelles procédures visant à accroître l'efficacité de ses chirurgies et à améliorer la récupération globale de ses patients.
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French to India Medical Travel: Le Dr Mihir Bapat, meilleur chirurgien roboti... - 0 views

frenchtoindiamedicaltravel.blogspot.com/...est-robotic-spine-surgeon.html Hôpitaux de chirurgie robotique de la colonne vertébrale en Inde Chirurgie robotique de la colonne vertébrale Chirurgien robotique du rachis
shared by spineneuro on 11 Feb 22 - No Cached
  • spineneuro on 11 Feb 22
     
    Les hôpitaux de chirurgie robotique de la colonne vertébrale en Inde proposent des chirurgies haut de gamme et peu invasives comme la chirurgie robotique qui nécessitent une expertise et une technologie pour obtenir des résultats haut de gamme pour diverses affections.
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French to India Medical Travel: N'abandonnez jamais l'espoir avec les 5 meill... - 0 views

frenchtoindiamedicaltravel.blogspot.com/...n-tumor-surgeons-in-world.html Enlèvement de tumeur cérébrale Chirurgie des tumeurs cérébrales
shared by spineneuro on 26 Feb 22 - No Cached
  • spineneuro on 26 Feb 22
     
    Le coût de la chirurgie d'ablation d'une tumeur cérébrale en Inde est extrêmement abordable et, comparé aux pays développés, son coût est extrêmement faible, soit près d'un tiers du coût d'évaluation aux États-Unis et au Royaume- Uni.
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French to India Medical Travel: Excellence épileptique : rencontrez les meill... - 0 views

frenchtoindiamedicaltravel.blogspot.com/...ackling-epilepsy-in-india.html chirurgiens de l'épilepsie en Inde meilleurs chirurgiens de l'épilepsie médecins épileptiques
shared by spineneuro on 08 Feb 24 - No Cached
  • spineneuro on 08 Feb 24
     
    Choisir les meilleurs chirurgiens de l'épilepsie en Inde implique de prendre en compte plusieurs facteurs contribuant à la qualité globale des soins et aux résultats du traitement. L'Inde est reconnue pour ses professionnels de la santé qualifiés et ses établissements de soins de santé avancés.
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French to India Medical Travel: Au-delà des frontières : Kelechi Abimbola, un... - 0 views

frenchtoindiamedicaltravel.blogspot.com/...ccess-with-dr-arun-saroha.html chirurgie d'une tumeur cérébrale patient nigérian Dr Arun Saroha
shared by spineneuro on 24 May 24 - No Cached
  • spineneuro on 24 May 24
     
    En conclusion, l'histoire réussie de Kelechi Abimbola en matière de chirurgie des tumeurs cérébrales avec le Dr Arun Saroha par l'intermédiaire du service de colonne vertébrale et de neurochirurgie en Inde témoigne de la résilience de l'esprit humain et de l'impact transformateur des soins médicaux experts.
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French to India Medical Travel: Chirurgie VBT de qualité à une fraction du co... - 0 views

frenchtoindiamedicaltravel.blogspot.com/...tion-of-the-cost-in-india.html Hôpital de chirurgie VBT en Inde Coût de la chirurgie VBT en Inde Chirurgie VBT en Inde
shared by spineneuro on 25 May 24 - No Cached
  • spineneuro on 25 May 24
     
    L'ensemble du séjour dans cet hôpital chirurgical VBT en Inde, de l'admission à la sortie, est méticuleusement coordonné, avec un concierge dédié planifiant tous les rendez-vous et toutes les interventions chirurgicales pour garantir une expérience sans tracas aux patients. Il n'y a pas de liste d'attente et les chambres sont pré-réservées pour les patients internationaux en fonction de leurs projets d'arrivée pour une intervention chirurgicale en Inde.
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Testosterone: a vascular hormone in health and disease - 0 views

joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...R47.full testosterone hormone health disease hormones men male cardiovascular disease CVD
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 May 13 - No Cached
  • Testosterone has beneficial effects on several cardiovascular risk factors, which include cholesterol, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation
  • In clinical studies, acute and chronic testosterone administration increases coronary artery diameter and flow, improves cardiac ischaemia and symptoms in men with chronic stable angina and reduces peripheral vascular resistance in chronic heart failure.
  • testosterone is an L-calcium channel blocker and induces potassium channel activation in vascular smooth muscle cells
  • ...54 more annotations...
  • Animal studies have consistently demonstrated that testosterone is atheroprotective, whereas testosterone deficiency promotes the early stages of atherogenesis
  • there is no compelling evidence that testosterone replacement to levels within the normal healthy range contributes adversely to the pathogenesis of CVD (Carson & Rosano 2011) or prostate cancer (Morgentaler & Schulman 2009)
  • bidirectional effect between decreased testosterone concentrations and disease pathology exists as concomitant cardiovascular risk factors (including inflammation, obesity and insulin resistance) are known to reduce testosterone levels and that testosterone confers beneficial effects on these cardiovascular risk factors
  • Achieving a normal physiological testosterone concentration through the administration of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has been shown to improve risk factors for atherosclerosis including reducing central adiposity and insulin resistance and improving lipid profiles (in particular, lowering cholesterol), clotting and inflammatory profiles and vascular function
  • It is well known that impaired erectile function and CVD are closely related in that ED can be the first clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis often preceding a cardiovascular event by 3–5 years
  • no decrease in the response (i.e. no tachyphylaxis) of testosterone and that patient benefit persists in the long term.
  • free testosterone levels within the physiological range, has been shown to result in a marked increase in both flow- and nitroglycerin-mediated brachial artery vasodilation in men with CAD
  • Clinical studies, however, have revealed either small reductions of 2–3 mm in diastolic pressure or no significant effects when testosterone is replaced within normal physiological limits in humans
  • Endothelium-independent mechanisms of testosterone are considered to occur primarily via the inhibition of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCCs) and/or activation of K+ channels (KCs) on smooth muscle cells (SMCs)
  • Testosterone shares the same molecular binding site as nifedipine
  • Testosterone increases the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and enhances nitric oxide (NO) production
  • Testosterone also inhibited the Ca2+ influx response to PGF2α
  • one of the major actions of testosterone is on NO and its signalling pathways
  • In addition to direct effects on NOS expression, testosterone may also affect phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5 (PDE5A)) gene expression, an enzyme controlling the degradation of cGMP, which acts as a vasodilatory second messenger
  • the significance of the action of testosterone on VSMC apoptosis and proliferation in atherosclerosis is difficult to delineate and may be dependent upon the stage of plaque development
  • Several human studies have shown that carotid IMT (CIMT) and aortic calcification negatively correlate with serum testosterone
  • t long-term testosterone treatment reduced CIMT in men with low testosterone levels and angina
  • neither intracellular nor membrane-associated ARs are required for the rapid vasodilator effect
  • acute responses appear to be AR independent, long-term AR-mediated effects on the vasculature have also been described, primarily in the context of vascular tone regulation via the modulation of gene transcription
  • Testosterone and DHT increased the expression of eNOS in HUVECs
  • oestrogens have been shown to activate eNOS and stimulate NO production in an ERα-dependent manner
  • Several studies, however, have demonstrated that the vasodilatory actions of testosterone are not reduced by aromatase inhibition
  • non-aromatisable DHT elicited similar vasodilation to testosterone treatment in arterial smooth muscle
  • increased endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression and phosphorylation were observed in testosterone- and DHT-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells
  • Androgen deprivation leads to a reduction in neuronal NOS expression associated with a decrease of intracavernosal pressure in penile arteries during erection, an effect that is promptly reversed by androgen replacement therapy
  • Observational evidence suggests that several pro-inflammatory cytokines (including interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL6, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), and highly sensitive CRP) and serum testosterone levels are inversely associated in patients with CAD, T2DM and/or hypogonadism
  • patients with the highest IL1β concentrations had lower endogenous testosterone levels
  • TRT has been reported to significantly reduce TNFα and elevate the circulating anti-inflammatory IL10 in hypogonadal men with CVD
  • testosterone treatment to normalise levels in hypogonadal men with the MetS resulted in a significant reduction in the circulating CRP, IL1β and TNFα, with a trend towards lower IL6 compared with placebo
  • parenteral testosterone undecanoate, CRP decreased significantly in hypogonadal elderly men
  • Higher levels of serum adiponectin have been shown to lower cardiovascular risk
  • Research suggests that the expression of VCAM-1, as induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα or interferon γ (IFNγ (IFNG)) in endothelial cells, can be attenuated by treatment with testosterone
  • Testosterone also inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL6, IL1β and TNFα in a range of cell types including human endothelial cells
  • decreased inflammatory response to TNFα and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human endothelial cells when treated with DHT
  • The key to unravelling the link between testosterone and its role in atherosclerosis may lay in the understanding of testosterone signalling and the cross-talk between receptors and intracellular events that result in pro- and/or anti-inflammatory actions in athero-sensitive cells.
  • testosterone functions through the AR to modulate adhesion molecule expression
  • pre-treatment with DHT reduced the cytokine-stimulated inflammatory response
  • DHT inhibited NFκB activation
  • DHT could inhibit an LPS-induced upregulation of MCP1
  • Both NFκB and AR act at the transcriptional level and have been experimentally found to be antagonistic to each other
  • As the AR and NFκB are mutual antagonists, their interaction and influence on functions can be bidirectional, with inflammatory agents that activate NFκB interfering with normal androgen signalling as well as the AR interrupting NFκB inflammatory transcription
  • prolonged exposure of vascular cells to the inflammatory activation of NFκB associated with atherosclerosis may reduce or alter any potentially protective effects of testosterone
  • DHT and IFNγ also modulate each other's signalling through interaction at the transcriptional level, suggesting that androgens down-regulate IFN-induced genes
  • (Simoncini et al. 2000a,b). Norata et al. (2010) suggest that part of the testosterone-mediated atheroprotective effects could depend on ER activation mediated by the testosterone/DHT 3β-derivative, 3β-Adiol
  • TNFα-induced induction of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin as well as MCP1 and IL6 was significantly reduced by a pre-incubation with 3β-Adiol in HUVECs
  • 3β-Adiol also reduced LPS-induced gene expression of IL6, TNFα, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2 (PTGS2)), CD40, CX3CR1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, MMP9, resistin, pentraxin-3 and MCP1 in the monocytic cell line U937 (Norata et al. 2010)
  • This study suggests that testosterone metabolites, other than those generated through aromatisation, could exert anti-inflammatory effects that are mediated by ER activation.
  • The authors suggest that DHT differentially effects COX2 levels under physiological and pathophysiological conditions in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells and via AR-dependent and -independent mechanisms influenced by the physiological state of the cell
  • There are, however, a number of systematic meta-analyses of clinical trials of TRT that have not demonstrated an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events or mortality
  • The TOM trial, which was designed to investigate the effect of TRT on frailty in elderly men, was terminated prematurely as a result of an increased incidence of cardiovascular-related events after 6 months in the treatment arm
  • trials of TRT in men with either chronic stable angina or chronic cardiac failure have also found no increase in either cardiovascular events or mortality in studies up to 12 months
  • Evidence may therefore suggest that low testosterone levels and testosterone levels above the normal range have an adverse effect on CVD, whereas testosterone levels titrated to within the mid- to upper-normal range have at least a neutral effect or, taking into account the knowledge of the beneficial effects of testosterone on a series of cardiovascular risk factors, there may possibly be a cardioprotective action
  • The effect of testosterone on human vascular function is a complex issue and may be dependent upon the underlying androgen and/or disease status.
  • the majority of studies suggest that testosterone may display both acute and chronic vasodilatory effects upon various vascular beds at both physiological and supraphysiological concentrations and via endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 May 13
     
    Good deep look into the testosterone and CVD link.
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Estrogen receptor β and the progression of prostate cancer: role of 5α-andros... - 0 views

erc.endocrinology-journals.org/...731.long 3-beta androstanediol DHT Testosterone androgens prostate cancer ER beta ER-beta receptors ER men male hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • In the prostate, ERβ is highly expressed in the epithelial compartment, where it is the prevailing isoform
  • In the gland, DHT may be either reversibly 3α- or irreversibly 3β-hydroxylated by the different 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases respectively (Steckelbroeck et al. 2004); these transformations generate two metabolites respectively 3α-diol and 3β-Adiol, which are both unable to bind the AR. Instead, 3β-Adiol displays a high affinity for ERβ (Kuiper et al. 1998, Nilsson et al. 2001), and it has been proposed that this metabolite may play a key role in prostate development
  • ERβ signaling, in contrast to ERα, seems to act as a suppressor of prostate growth, and may be positively involved in breast cancer
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • 3β-Adiol counteracts PC cell proliferation in vitro
  • 3β-Adiol counteracts the biological actions of its androgenic precursors testosterone and DHT
  • functional antagonism of 3β-Adiol appears to be molecularly independent from the activation of the androgenic pathway
  • the action of 3β-Adiol is mediated, at the molecular levels, by the estrogenic pathway.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 14
     
    another awesome article dealing with hormone metabolites. Physicians that don't understand metabolites and receptors may be doing more harm than good.   One of the mainstays of the treatment of metastatic prostate disease is androgen deprivation therapy.  This article requires a reassessment of this due to the DHT metabolite 3-beta androstanediol.  This metabolite is produced from DHT production via the enzyme 3beta HSD.  This metabolite binds to ER beta, an estrogen receptor, and inhibits proliferation, migration, promotes adhesion (limits spreading), and stimulates apoptosis.  This is contrast to 3-alpha androstanediol.  Androgen deprivation therapy will decrease 3-beta androstanediol.  This is the likely reason for the increased aggressive prostate cancer found in those men using 5 alpha reductase inhibitors.
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Effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Cognitive Performance and Depression in M... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC5209560 low T Low testosterone Testosterone male hormones Testosterone therapy depression brain cognition ED erectile dysfunction
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • Azad et al [15] used single photon emission computed tomography and showed that, after 3~5 weeks of TRT, cerebral perfusion was increased in the midbrain and the superior frontal gyrus in seven men with hypogonadism
  • After 12~14 weeks, increased perfusion was still observed in the midbrain as well as in the midcingulate gyrus
  • TDS patients who received TRT showed significant improvement in cognitive function only if mild cognitive impairment was present at baseline
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Cherrier et al [17] evaluated a sample of 32 subjects, which included 17 men with mild cognitive impairment and 15 with Alzheimer's disease. At the 6-week follow-up, patients who received TRT showed significantly better scores regarding spatial memory, constructional abilities, and verbal memory compared to those noted in the placebo group. Taken together, these results suggest that TRT has a beneficial effect on cognitive function
  • TRT improved mood and well-being, and reduced fatigue and irritability in hypogonadal men
  • The study by Pope et al [20] involved men with depression refractory to standard anti-depressants, and found that TRT lowered the Hamilton Depression score,
  • depression tends to increase as testosterone levels decrease [21], it is highly likely that TRT improved symptoms of depression by increasing testosterone levels.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 17
     
    men with Testosterone <300 ng/dl with levels after 8 months of therapy achieving +680 ng/dl.
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Fructose decreases physical activity and increases body fat without affecting hippocamp... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...srep09589.html fructose obesity fat diet nutrition activity physical activity
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • the fructose animals gained significantly more weight than the glucose animals
  • The average liver mass of mice in the fructose treatment group was 20% heavier than for mice in the glucose group
  • The fat pads of mice consuming the fructose diet were 69% heavier than the fat pads of animals consuming the glucose diet
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  • there are many studies showing that consumption of fructose in comparison to other monosaccharides results in increased de novo lipogenesis, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, BW6, 7 and, most recently, impaired cognitive function
  • in the present study, the intake of fructose by mice was more similar to that of typical human consumption in comparison to previous studies
  • prolonged consumption of diets containing fructose (11 weeks) increased BW and body fat deposition
  • studies in humans confirm that fructose, but not glucose (when provided as 25% of energy requirements), in the context of an energy-balanced diet increases de novo lipogenesis and visceral adiposity along with dyslipidemia, decreases insulin sensitivity10, 12 and decreases in fat oxidation
  • we hypothesize that fructose may reduce voluntary energy expenditure in terms of physical activity.
  • significant reduction (~20%) in physical activity in the fructose-fed animals in comparison to glucose
  • a recent study reported that ingestion of fructose (25% energy intake, 10 weeks) in human volunteers also resulted in reduced energy expenditure in relation to a diet with the same glucose dose
  • There is certainly evidence to suggest that, for example, exercise is able to prevent dyslipidemia in healthy subjects fed a weight-maintenance high-fructose diet (30%)54, which strongly suggests a protective role of physical activity in metabolic regulation.
  • the potential negative effects of fructose in brain and cognitive function have been investigated, with a series of studies showing cognitive deficits in spatial memory and learning in adolescent and adult animals following access to a high fructose diet
  • access to both fructose and sucrose, but not glucose, results in a 40% reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis
  • Collectively these studies seem to suggest that fructose consumption can have a considerable impact on hippocampal function and learning, which is in direct contrast with what we observed.
  • the impact of fructose is apparent only in BW, liver mass and body fat, but not in cognitive measures or rates of neurogenesis
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 15
     
    animal study finds that fructose increased liver mass, abdominal fat and decreased physical activity when compared to glucose.  The study groups were iso caloric, but one group was fed 18% fructose and the other 18% glucose.
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Biologic and Pharmacologic Principles of ET for Menopause: Estrogen Steroidogenesis and... - 0 views

www.medscape.com/...523196_3 estrogen biochemistry action synthesis menopause
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jul 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 17 Jul 11
     
    biologic and pharmacologic principles of ET for Menopause: Estrogen synthesis and action
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Testosterone and benign prostatic hyperplasia Jarvis TR, Chughtai B, Kaplan SA, - Asian... - 0 views

www.ajandrology.com/preprintarticle.asp Testosterone BPH low T low Testosterone prostate cancer men male hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • The prevalence of hypogonadism (often defined as serum testosterone &lt; 300 ng dl−1 ) ranges from 6% [10] to as high as 38%
  • The process of BPH, however, continues as men age and despite the fact their serum testosterone decreases
  • Liu et al. [12] demonstrated that in a group of older males (mean age 59.8 years) that there was not a significant correlation of serum testosterone levels (total, free or bioavailable) with either prostate volume or International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • in eugonadal men, studies have demonstrated that the prostate can increase in volume by approximately 12%
  • There seems to be little doubt that the treatment with testosterone of a young hypogonadal male leads to significant growth of the prostate
  • Behre et al. [22] demonstrated increased prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in hypogonadal men
  • Most studies, however, have shown no effect of exogenous androgens on PSA or prostate volume for older hypogonadal males
  • They argue that the prostate is relatively insensitive to changes in androgen concentration at normal levels or in mild hypogonadism because the AR is saturated by androgens and therefore maximal androgen-AR binding is achieved. Conversely, the prostate is very sensitive to changes in androgen levels when testosterone is low
  • saturation model
  • visceral obesity (one of the most significant components of metabolic syndrome) is associated with prostate volume and influences prostate growth during TRT.
  • This hypothesis of inflammation induced LUTS is also argued to be a mechanism for improvement of LUTS with PDE5I
  • The concept, therefore, that treatment with TRT of hypogonadal males with metabolic syndrome might lead to improvement/stabilization of their LUTS, appears to be confirmed in recent work by Francomano et al.
  • There was also an improvement in components of the patient's metabolic syndrome (such as BMI, waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], insulin sensitivity, and lipid profile) as well as inflammatory markers and C-reactive protein.
  • They concluded that TRT was safe in this group of men, and hypothesize that TRT mitigates the pro-inflammatory factors associated with metabolic syndrome.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Dec 14
     
    Authors review the literature behind Testosterone and BPH.  The authors highlight the 4 proposed theories behind BPH: Testosterone, Estrogen, inflammation, and metabolic.   The conclusion is mixed: pointing out that no high level of evidence exists on either side of the debate of Testosterone and BPH.
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Testosterone for the aging male; current evidence and recommended practice - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2544367 leptin Testosterone low T low Testosterone male hormone hormones
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Total serum testosterone consists of free testosterone (2%–3%), testosterone bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (45%) and testosterone bound to other proteins (mainly albumin −50%)
  • Testosterone binds only loosely to albumin and so this testosterone as well as free testosterone is available to tissues and is termed bioavailable testosterone
  • Testosterone bound to SHBG is tightly bound and is biologically inactive
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • Bioavailable and free testosterone are known to correlate better than total testosterone with clinical sequelae of androgenization such as bone mineral density and muscle strength
  • peak levels seen in the morning following sleep, which can be maintained into the seventh decade
  • Samples should always be taken in the morning before 11 am
  • The reliable measurement of serum free testosterone requires equilibrium dialysis. This is not appropriate for clinical use as it is very time consuming and therefore expensive.
  • With increasing age, a greater number of men have total testosterone levels just below the normal range or in the low-normal range. In these patients total testosterone can be an unreliable indicator of hypogonadal status.
  • It is advised that at least two serum testosterone measurements, taken before 11 am on different mornings, are necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
  • Patients with serum total testosterone consistently below 8 nmol/l invariably demonstrate the clinical syndrome of hypogonadism and are likely to benefit from treatment. Patients with serum total testosterone in the range 8–12 nmol/l often have symptoms attributable to hypogonadism and it may be decided to offer either a clinical trial of testosterone treatment or to make further efforts to define serum bioavailable or free testosterone and then reconsider treatment. Patients with serum total testosterone persistently above 12 nmol/l do not have hypogonadism and symptoms are likely to be due to other disease states or ageing per se so testosterone treatment is not indicated.
  • Total testosterone levels fall at an average of 1.6% per year whilst free and bioavailable levels fall by 2%–3% per year.
  • With advancing age there is also a reduction in androgen receptor concentration in some target tissues and this may contribute to the clinical syndrome of LOH
  • Metabolic clearance declines with age
  • Gonadotrophin levels rise during aging (Feldman et al 2002) and testicular secretory responses to recombinant human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) are reduced
  • There are changes in the lutenising hormone (LH) production which consist of decreased LH pulse frequency and amplitude, (Veldhuis et al 1992; Pincus et al 1997) although pituitary production of LH in response to pharmacological stimulation with exogenous GnRH analogues is preserved
  • the decreases in testosterone levels with aging seem to reflect changes at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Oct 14
     
    Leptin inhibits male Testosterone production at the level of the hypothalamus and at the testicle level.
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