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Nathan Goodyear

http://cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2016/05/28/2159-8290.CD-15-1177.full.pdf - 0 views

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    No surprise here, obesity favors cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.update-software.com/BCP/WileyPDF/EN/CD007365.pdf - 0 views

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    meta-analysis found no high level of evidence to support Huperzine A in the treatment of vascular dementia.  The conclusion sounds scientifically sound, but when you look at the studies included: this is a meta-analysis of 1 of Huperzine A and vascular dementia.  This one study was of 14 participants only and they found improvement in daily functioning.   There are a lot of animal studies that point out benefits of huperzine A and even the mechanisms of action,  but human studies are lacking.  That is a better conclusion.  
Nathan Goodyear

Exposure to Bisphenol A Prenatally or in Adulthood Promotes TH2 Cytokine Production Associated with Reduction of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells - 0 views

  • BPA promotes the development of TH2 cells in adulthood and both TH1 and TH2 cells in prenatal stages by reducing the number of regulatory T cells.
  • Bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC
  • BPA is one of the most widespread EDCs.
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  • BPA antagonizes the actions of thyroid hormone
  • Prenatal exposure to BPA has been shown to alter a variety of reproductive endocrine parameters, such as testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels
  • arly onset of sexual maturation of female mice
  • imbalanced T-helper (TH)1/TH2 immune responses have been demonstrated on exposure to BPA
  • indicating that BPA exerted its effects by reducing the number of Treg cells.
  • Exposure to BPA by subcutaneous injection in adulthood significantly promoted antigen-stimulated production of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 in TH2-skewed
  • BPA can leak from the placenta and accumulate in the fetus
  • We showed that prenatal exposure to BPA increased the production of a TH1 cytokine, IFN-γ, and a TH2 cytokine, IL-4, after the offspring developed, suggesting that prenatal exposure to BPA can induce persistent immunologic effects lasting into adulthood.
  • These results are consistent with a previous report that fetal exposure to BPA augmented TH1 and TH2 immune responses
  • our results clearly demonstrate that the production of TH2 cytokines is promoted by BPA in adult mice and in offspring during developmental exposure.
  • The decrease of Treg cells would predispose to immune dysfunction in aged individuals, explaining their higher risk of immune-mediated diseases, cancer, and infections.
  • BPA might cause these diseases. Thus, avoiding exposure to or promoting the excretion of BPA and other EDCs would help in preventing diseases and adverse health effects.
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    BPA as endocrine disruptor and as immune disruptor
Nathan Goodyear

Safety and immunologic effects of high- vs low-dose cholecalciferol in multiple sclerosis - 0 views

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    High dose vitamin D (10,400 IU) found to reduce IL-17, CD161 and effector memory cells; in contrast low dose vitamin D (800 IU)  did not.  The study also called into question the traditional target range of vitamin D.  The authors here proposed 40-60
Nathan Goodyear

http://www.medsci.org/v12p0042.pdf - 0 views

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    Study shows mistletoe to increase NK cell activation through upregulation of CD107a.
Nathan Goodyear

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Home Page - 0 views

  • M1 macrophages are characterized by the secretion of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and can be identified via the cell surface marker CD86
  • M2 macrophages secrete growth factors and antiinflammatory immune modulators and can be identified by the cell surface marker CD206
  • an overzealous M2 response can also lead to excess tissue deposition and fibrosis
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  • Studies of similar meshes that are used in hernia repair have demonstrated that all polypropylene meshes induce a prolonged inflammatory response at the site of implantation
  • the long-term presence of activated inflammatory cells, such as macrophages at the mesh tissue interface, can impact negatively the ability of the mesh to function as intended.
  • All M1 proinflammatory and M2 proremodeling cytokines and chemokines were increased in mesh explants as compared with nonmesh tissue (Table 3Table 3), which indicated a robust, active, and ongoing host response to polypropylene long after implantation
  • Comparison of the ratio of the M2 proremodeling cytokines (IL-10+IL-4) with the M1 proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α+IL-12p70) revealed a decrease in mesh explants as compared with controls (P = .003), which indicated a shift towards a proinflammatory profile.
  • Mesh explants contained a higher number of total cells/×200 field when compared with controls (682.46 ± 142.61 cells vs 441.63 ± 126.13 cells; P < .001) and a lower ratio of M2:M1 macrophages (0.260 ± 0.161 cells vs 1.772 ± 1.919; P = .001), which supported an ongoing proinflammatory response.
  • the host response was proportional to the amount of material in contact with the host
  • A persistent foreign body response was observed in mesh-tissue complexes that were excised from women who required surgical excision of mesh months to years after mesh implantation
  • The host response was characterized by a predominance of macrophages with an increase in both proinflammatory and proremodeling cytokines/chemokines along with increased tissue degradation, as evidenced by increased MMP-2 and -9
  • Mesh-tissue complexes removed for mesh exposure had increased pro–MMP-9 that indicated a proinflammatory and tissue destruction–type response
  • The presence of macrophages, elevated cytokines, chemokines, and MMPs in tissue-mesh complexes that were excised from patients with exposure or pain suggests that polypropylene mesh elicits an ongoing host inflammatory response
  • In the presence of a permanent foreign body, the implant is surrounded with a fibrotic capsule because it cannot be degraded
  • For hernia meshes, if the fibers are too close (<1 mm), the fibrotic response to neighboring fibers overlaps, or “bridges,” and results in “bridging fibrosis” or encapsulation of the mesh
  • Gynemesh PS has a highly unstable geometry when loaded that resulted in pore collapse and increasing stiffness of the product
  • mesh shrinkage (50-70%) has been described to occur after transvaginal insertion of prolapse meshes
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    Mesh and the abnormal immune response.
Nathan Goodyear

Update on Programmed Death-1 and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Inhibition in the Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer - 0 views

  • Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), the first immune checkpoint receptor to be clinically targeted, is exclusively expressed on the surface of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in lymphatic tissue and is involved in T-cell regulation, proliferation, and tolerance
  • programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies, which restores T-cell effector function and augments the host anti-tumor response by blocking the binding of either programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and/or PD-L2 to PD-1 receptors
  • lung cancer is the first and second cause of cancer mortality in men and women
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  • Eighty-five percent of lung cancers are non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
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    To read update article on PD-1 and immunotherapy.
Nathan Goodyear

Eczema in early life: Genetics, the skin barrier, and lessons learned from birth cohort studies - 0 views

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    LPS implicated, through CD14, in eczema.  This was linked to those with high genetic prediposition.  This review article also discusses the heterogeneous disease eczema is.
Nathan Goodyear

Intratumoral T Cells, Recurrence, and Survival in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer | NEJM - 0 views

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    Intra-tumoral CD3+ T cells correlates with positive outcomes.
Nathan Goodyear

Artesunate promotes Th1 differentiation from CD4+ T cells to enhance cell apoptosis in ovarian cancer via miR-142 - 0 views

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    Artesunate found to promote T cell differentiation to increase apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells in a murine model.
Nathan Goodyear

Methionine enkephalin (MENK) improved the functions of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) loaded with antigen - 0 views

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    MET-enkephalin acts as an immunomodulator via dendritic cell and CD8 activity
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