Only abstract available here, but good opinion piece on the future, here and now, in the field of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer-oncolytic virus. Of course, they focus on the genetic altered virus', yet an unaltered enterovirus currently exists on the market.
Head to head study of IL-2 + melatonin versus chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer found slightly better outcomes in the immunotherapy arm versus standard chemotherapy. This difference was statistically significant.
opioids use during immunotherapy is associated with early progression, potentially representing a predictive factor for PFS and negatively influencing OS as well.
ECHO-7 virus strain, Picornaviridae family, Enterovirus genus, Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan (ECHO) type 7, group IV, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus
a few side effects were reported, for example subfebrile temperature (37.5°C for a couple of days), pain in the tumour area, sleepiness and diarrhoea
In this retrospective study, however, there was no record of any untoward side effect from Rigvir treatment or its discontinuation
Early observations of tumour regressions after virus infections have been published starting from the late 19th century
The present results show that in substage IB, IIA, IIB and IIC melanoma patients, Rigvir administration after surgery significantly (P<0.05) prolongs survival compared with patients who were managed according to current published guidelines
no value higher than grade 2 was recorded in Rigvir-treated patients. This is in contrast to most other cancer therapies, where grades 3 and 4 are frequently observed
Administration of virus induces the formation of neutralising antibodies that might potentially influence the efficiency of Rigvir
In 94 healthy adult participants tested, the titres were found to be low (1 : 20 to 1 : 62) 39,40. When tested in 155 adult cancer patients who had not been treated with Rigvir, neutralising antibodies against ECHO-7 were detected in ∼50% of the patients
the presence of ECHO-7 antibodies was shown to increase with age in children and level off to a plateau of around 75% in adults
Rigvir is an immunomodulator that affects both the humoral, antibody-mediated, and the cellular immune systems
neutralising antibodies do not affect efficacy when local or regional administration is used
it reduces the viability of melanoma, as well as pulmonary, gastric, pancreatic, bone, and breast cancer cell cultures
It is oncolytic in melanoma and rectum cancer patients
shown to improve the 5-year survival in rectum cancer patients
RIGVIR shown to improve survival against standard therapy in stage IB, IIA, IIB, and IIC in malignant melanoma patients in retrospective study. Side effects are minimal. Neutralizing antibodies are an area to watch that likely effects individual outcome beyond that of the type of cancer
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), the first immune checkpoint receptor to be clinically targeted, is exclusively expressed on the surface of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in lymphatic tissue and is involved in T-cell regulation, proliferation, and tolerance
programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies, which restores T-cell effector function and augments the host anti-tumor response by blocking the binding of either programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and/or PD-L2 to PD-1 receptors
lung cancer is the first and second cause of cancer mortality in men and women
Abstract only here. Immunotherapy of IL-2 + melatonin provided lack of progression of 67% of patients included with a average duration of 21+ months in patients with untreatable advanced hematologic cancer. Again, no toxicities. Interesting, the survival time was similar to the previously reported survival times with the highly toxic high dose IL-2 therapy.
The post-operative time period is critical to the long-term metastatic risk of cancer because surgery suppresses the immune system in this critical post-operative time period.