The glucose ketone index calculator: a simple tool to monitor therapeutic efficacy for ... - 0 views
nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/...s12986-015-0009-2
cancer GKI glucose ketone index ketogenic diet nutrition
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 02 Apr 18
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The ‘Glucose Ketone Index’ (GKI) was created to track the zone of metabolic management for brain tumor management
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The GKI is a biomarker that refers to the molar ratio of circulating glucose over β-OHB, which is the major circulating ketone body.
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We present evidence showing that the GKI can predict success for brain cancer management in humans and mice using metabolic therapies that lower blood glucose and elevate blood ketone levels
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The GKI can be useful in determining the success of dietary therapies that shift glucose- and lactate-based metabolism to ketone-based metabolism
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Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, chronic inflammatory disease, and epilepsy
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Optimal management is predicted for values approaching 1.0, and blood glucose and ketone values should be measured 2–3 hours postprandial, twice a day if possible
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the Warburg effect (aerobic fermentation of glucose) is a common metabolic malady expressed in nearly all neoplastic cells of these and other malignant tumors
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Aerobic fermentation (Warburg effect) is necessary to compensate for the insufficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the cells of most tumors
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Normal brain cells gradually transition from the metabolism of glucose to the metabolism of ketone bodies (primarily β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) for energy when circulating glucose levels become limiting
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Ketone bodies bypass the glycolytic pathway in the cytoplasm and are metabolized directly to acetyl CoA in the mitochondria
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Tumor cells are less capable than normal cells in metabolizing ketone bodies for energy due to their mitochondrial defects
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daily activities and emotional stress can cause blood glucose levels to vary making it difficult for some people to enter the predicted zone of metabolic management
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a clear association of the GKI to the therapeutic action of calorie restriction against distal invasion, proliferation, and angiogenesis in the VM-M3 model of glioblastoma
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The results suggest that GKI levels that approach 1.0 are therapeutic for managing brain tumor growth
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Therapeutic efficacy of the KD or calorie restriction is greater with lower GKI values than with higher values