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Great, great read on how biochemistry effects brain function. Beta-hydroxybutyrate is an alternative fuel source for the brain in times of calorie restriction. This promotes neuroplasticity and neurogenesis without the inflammatory effects of glucose and insulin.

Ketones, acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone, feed the brain independent of glucose.

animal study finds increased BHB after ketone salt supplementation.  A resultant decrease in glucose was found.  The use of ketone salts was with concomitant MCT.  The effect was in 30-60 minutes and sustained, significantly for 8 hours.  Weight loss was also seen.  No change in cholesterol and triglycerides was seen.

Those with Alzheimer's disease have associated dysfunction of glucose metabolism in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus. It has been reported that a ketogenic diet can improve cognitive function in these individuals. In this study, the ketone bodies were initiated through a diet high in medium chain fatty acids. The ketone bodies served as an alternative fuel source for the brain.

High ketone levels from MCT, such as cocconut oil, associated with improved memory recall in "memory-impaired adults".

Ketone ester drink found to improve glucose control in those with type II diabetes via improved insulin sensitivity.  There are also ketone salts.  It would be interesting to have compared ketone esters, ketone salts, and fasting.