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M1 macrophages are characterized by the secretion of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and can be identified via the cell surface marker CD86

M2 macrophages secrete growth factors and antiinflammatory immune modulators and can be identified by the cell surface marker CD206

an overzealous M2 response can also lead to excess tissue deposition and fibrosis

There is a 10 — 100-fold greater content of catalase in normal cells than in tumor cells

induce hydrogen peroxide generation

Ascorbic acid and its salts (AA) are preferentially toxic to tumor cells in vitro (6 — 13) and in vivo

Chen et al. have revealed that ascorbate at pharmacologic concentrations (0.3–20 mM) achieved only by intravenously (i.v.) administration selectively kills a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro, but has little cytotoxic effect on normal cells.

Ascorbic acid (the reduced form of vitamin C) is specifically transported into cells by sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCTs)

SVCT-1 is predominantly expressed in epithelial tissues

Achilles tendinitis or rupture is among the most serious side effects associated with FQ use

The large body of data provided by clinical reports, histopathological examination, and experimental studies provides cogent evidence supporting a direct link between FQ use and tendonitis/tendon rupture

Risk factors associated with FQ-induced tendon disorders include age greater than 60 years, corticosteroid therapy, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, and a history of musculoskeletal disorders

In skeletal muscle, HDAC4 has been found to be exported from the nucleus during exercise, suggesting that removal of the transcriptional repressive function could be a mechanism for exercise adaptation [50]. For HDAC4, we observed increased levels of DNA methylation and a simultaneous decrease in mRNA expression in adipose tissue in response to the exercise intervention. Additionally, the functional experiments in cultured adipocytes suggested increased lipogenesis when Hdac4 expression was reduced

NCOR2 also exhibited increased levels of DNA methylation and a simultaneous decrease in mRNA expression in adipose tissue in response to the exercise intervention, and furthermore we observed increased lipogenesis when Ncor2 expression was down regulated in the 3T3-L1 cell line. NCOR2 is a nuclear co-repressor, involved in the regulation of genes important for adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, and with the ability to recruit different histone deacetylase enzymes, including HDAC4

the reduction in BP within the first 10–20 min may be primarily attributed to a direct vasodilatory physiological effect, described as venodilation

BP reduction observed after 70–90 min is likely attributable to pharmacokinetically plausible vitamin C absorption and vasodilation because of nitric oxide release

Pharmacokinetic studies of IVC administration observed peak plasma levels within the first 90 min, with plasma levels reaching 13350 μmol/l for 50 g of IVC

Here we provide evidence that intrinsic risk factors contribute only modestly (<10~30%) to cancer development

we conclude that cancer risk is heavily influenced by extrinsic factors. These results carry immense consequences for strategizing cancer prevention

cancers are proposed to originate from the malignant transformation of normal tissue progenitor and stem cells

Pneumonia is a typical symptom of COVID-19 infection, while acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure are common in severe COVID-19 patients

NETs are important for preventing pathogen invasion, their excessive formation can result in a slew of negative consequences, such as autoimmune inflammation and tissue damage

SARS-CoV-2 infection has also been linked to increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, which is associated with disease severity and clinical prognosis