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The Starry Messenger is Phase I of the Electronic History of Astronomy developed in the Whipple Museum of the History of Science and the Department of History and Philosophy of Science. This phase was directed by Dr Sachiko Kusukawa and Dr Liba Taub, and supported by funding from Trinity College, Cambridge. Dr David Chart was the Project Manager.

"Prof. Dr. Ulrike Cress, Leiterin der Arbeitsgruppe Wissenskonstruktion am IWM, und ihr Stellvertreter Dr. Joachim Kimmerle untersuchen im Rahmen des Projektes „Verständnis für die Fragilität medizinischer Befunde in partizipativen Medienformaten" inwiefern Vorwissen und Einstellungen zu lebenswissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen die Aufnahme journalistischer Berichte beeinflussen. Daneben wird das Forscherteam auch untersuchen, wie Menschen mit vorläufigen und teilweise widersprüchlichen Erkenntnissen bei der Meinungsbildung in Internetforen umgehen. Im zweiten Projekt „Der Einfluss von Emotionen beim Erwerb von Wissen über die tiefe Hirnstimulation" untersucht Prof. Dr. Kai Sassenberg, Leiter der Arbeitsgruppe Sozial-Motivationale Prozesse am IWM, wie Emotionen, ausgelöst durch journalistische Beiträge, die Rezeption von Information über die THS beeinflussen"

"Cellendes continously expands the 3-D Life product line to provide an innovative and increasingly comprehensive technology for a broad range of applications in 3-D cell culture. Cellendes seeks collaborations with academic and industrial partners to explore and develop the use of the 3-D Life technology in complex cell-based assays and tissue models for drug screening as well as in biomedical engineering. Cellendes was founded in 2009 by Dr. Brigitte Angres and Dr. Helmut Wurst. Cellendes is a spinoff company of the NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen."

Brain, bodily awareness, and the emergence of a conscious self: these entities and their relations are explored by Germanphilosopher and cognitive scientist Metzinger. Extensively working with neuroscientists he has come to the conclusion that, in fact, there is no such thing as a "self" -- that a "self" is simply the content of a model created by our brain - part of a virtual reality we create for ourselves. But if the self is not "real," he asks, why and how did it evolve? How does the brain construct the self? In a series of fascinating virtual reality experiments, Metzinger and his colleagues have attempted to create so-called "out-of-body experiences" in the lab, in order to explore these questions. As a philosopher, he offers a discussion of many of the latest results in robotics, neuroscience, dream and meditation research, and argues that the brain is much more powerful than we have ever imagined. He shows us, for example, that we now have the first machines that have developed an inner image of their own body -- and actually use this model to create intelligent behavior. In addition, studies exploring the connections between phantom limbs and the brain have shown us that even people born without arms or legs sometimes experience a sensation that they do in fact have limbs that are not there. Experiments like the "rubber-hand illusion" demonstrate how we can experience a fake hand as part of our self and even feel a sensation of touch on the phantom hand form the basis and testing ground for the idea that what we have called the "self" in the past is just the content of a transparent self-model in our brains. Now, as new ways of manipulating the conscious mind-brain appear on the scene, it will soon become possible to alter our subjective reality in an unprecedented manner. The cultural consequences of this, Metzinger claims, may be immense: we will need a new approach to ethics, and we will be forced to think about ourselves in a fundamentally new way. At

"SDSS-III's newest release is Data Release 10 (DR10). DR10 contains the first spectra of the APO Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), as well as additional sky coverage and better galaxy parameter estimates from BOSS."

"Die Forscher um Juniorprofessor Dr. Martin Thanbichler von der Philipps-Universität beschreiben die neu entdeckte Struktur in der aktuellen Ausgabe der Fachzeitschrift „Cell", die am 7. Dezember erscheint. „Für Bakterien ist dies das erste Beispiel einer Barriere, welche die Proteindiffussion einschränkt", erklärt Thanbichler, der eine Arbeitsgruppe am Marburger Max-Planck-Institut für terrestrische Mikrobiologie leitet und als Seniorautor des Aufsatzes firmiert. Er und sein Team untersuchten das Modellbakterium Caulobacter crescentus, das an einem Ende einen Stiel bildet, der durch Querbänder unterteilt ist. Er dient vermutlich als Abstandshalter, der die Zelle bei Nährstoffmangel von der Oberfläche entfernt und so in Bereiche erhöhter Nährstoffkonzentrationen bringt."

"When the right microorganisms are at work, immune cells involved in the development of autoimmune illnesses like psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and arthritis, can develop anti-inflammatory properties. Scientists at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland, have now made this discovery. Their work is published in the current issue of the scientific journal Nature*. The scientists were able to prove that particular fungi activate the immune cells involved in the development of certain illnesses, whereas other microorganisms, in particular bacteria that are found naturally on our skin, lend an anti-inflammatory function to them. "This not only demonstrates that the composition of our microflora has a decisive role in the development of chronic illnesses, but also that the key cells causing illness can develop an anti-inflammatory 'twin'," explained Dr. Christina Zielinski, first author of the study."

"For 20 years, researchers have reported a potential link between gum disease and atherosclerotic heart disease from hardening of the arteries or stroke. "The message sent out by some in health-care professions, that heart attack and stroke are directly linked to gum disease, can distort the facts, alarm patients and perhaps shift the focus on prevention away from well-known risk factors for these diseases," said Dr. Peter Lockhart, a professor and chair of oral medicine at the Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte, N.C. Lockhart wrote the heart group's new position statement in the journal Circulation. The statement was prepared after a three-year analysis of about 600 studies by an expert panel led by a dentist and a cardiologist."

"The molecule PKR (the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase) was originally described as a sensor of viral infections, but its function in the brain was totally unknown," said Dr. Mauro Costa-Mattioli, assistant professor of neuroscience at BCM and senior author of the paper. Since the activity of PKR is altered in a variety of cognitive disorders, Costa-Mattioli and colleagues decided to take a closer look at its role in the mammalian brain. Super memory The authors discovered that mice lacking PKR in the brain have a kind of "super" memory. "

"The results are indeed worthy of attention, with Prof Taylor's team finding that in an early stage clinical trial of 11 people who were put on a diet of just 600 calories As written about in Dr Ben Goldacre's latest Bad Science column, producing a pattern from experimental data to come to a conclusion can be a 'magical' experience, but medicine is an 'imperfect art'. "We all know one atom of experience isn't enough to spot a pattern." writes Goldacre, "But when you put lots of experiences together and process that data, you get new knowledge.""

"Dr Zbinden said that while the discovery of the bacterium is no cause for alarm, it is important that it is recognised and the risk is quantified. "This bacterium seems to have a natural potential to cause severe disease and so it's important that clinicians and microbiologists are aware of it"

"It seems that CBT really can change your brain and rewire it." Dr Paul Blenkiron, Consultant Psychiatrist " CBT may not be for everyone, however.

"Wie es zu diesen Erfahrungen kommt, ist wissenschaftlich umstritten. Frühere Studien brachten falsche Sauerstoff- und Kohlendioxid-Konzentration im Gehirn damit in Verbindung. So ließen Mediziner der Virchow-Klinik 1994 gesunde Versuchspersonen schnell und hastig atmen und versetzen sie anschließend in Ohnmacht. Die Freiwilligen hatten ähnliche Erlebnisse wie Sterbende. Sie verließen ihren Körper oder sahen ihr Leben im Film. Bei den Herzstillstand-Patienten der oben erwähnten britischen Studie jedoch war Sauerstoffmangel nicht die Ursache für die Erlebnisse. Wie der Studienleiter Dr. Sam Parnia von der Universität Southampton berichtet, wiesen die sieben Patienten mit Nahtod-Erfahrung sogar höhere Sauerstoffkonzentrationen auf als Patienten ohne ein solches Erlebnis. Auch mit Halluzinationen ließen sich die Patientenerfahrungen nicht klären"

Dr Simon Archer and his team at Surrey University were particularly interested in looking at the genes that were switched on or off in our volunteers by changes in the amount that we had made them sleep. "We found that overall there were around 500 genes that were affected," Archer explained. "Some which were going up, and some which were going down." What they discovered is that when the volunteers cut back from seven-and-a-half to six-and-a-half hours' sleep a night, genes that are associated with processes like inflammation, immune response and response to stress became more active. The team also saw increases in the activity of genes associated with diabetes and risk of cancer. The reverse happened when the volunteers added an hour of sleep. So the clear message from this experiment was that if you are getting less than seven hours' sleep a night and can alter your sleep habits, even just a little bit, it could make you healthier

"When analysing the seeds, the scientists came across a surprising discovery: "the seeds of the infested fruits are not always aborted, but rather it depends on how many seeds there are in the berries", explains Dr. Katrin M. Meyer, who analysed the data at the UFZ and currently works at the University of Goettingen"

Dr. Franz Glatz, Annette Keller "Die richtige Adresse für Startups aus den Bereichen Mechatronik, Software, Informations- und Kommunikations- technik sowie junge High-Tech-Unternehmen"

James Newhard is Director of Archaeology at the College of Charleston, where he works to bring 3D imaging, mobile technology and geographic information systems to a field more popularly associated with shovels and dusty brushes. Gizmodo got in touch with Dr. Newhard to learn how he uses emerging tech to dig deep into ancient societies.

"An accurate and colorful discription of a gout attack was elegantly written in 1683 by Dr. Thomas Sydenham who was himself a sufferer of gout: The victim goes to bed and sleeps in good health. About 2 o'clock in the morning, he is awakened by a severe pain in the great toe; more rarely in the heel, ankle or instep. This pain is like that of a dislocation, and yet the parts feel as if cold water were poured over them. Then follows chills and shiver and a little fever. The pain which at first moderate becomes more intense. With its intensity the chills and shivers increase. After a time this comes to a full height, accommodating itself to the bones and ligaments of the tarsus and metatarsus. Now it is a violent stretching and tearing of the ligaments- now it is a gnawing pain and now a pressure and tightening. So exquisite and lively meanwhile is the feeling of the part affected, that it cannot bear the weight of bedclothes nor the jar of a person walking in the room. "

"Dr Susan Hayes' facial approximation of the female Homo floresiensis"

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Much of what medical researchers conclude in their studies is misleading, exaggerated, or flat-out wrong. So why are doctors-to a striking extent-still drawing upon misinformation in their everyday practice? Dr. John Ioannidis has spent his career challenging his peers by exposing their bad science.