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orasa sukmark

Gene therapy - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...gene_therapy.htm

gene therapy

shared by orasa sukmark on 02 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • orasa sukmark on 02 Apr 12
     
    general info on gene therapy
Kantham Hongdusit

Key enzyme involved in protecting nerves from degeneration identified - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...120330164852.htm

enzyme protecting key genetics

shared by Kantham Hongdusit on 02 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Kantham Hongdusit on 02 Apr 12
     
    Fly's enzyme is used to cure diseases such as Parkinson's, and aid nerve damage and spinal cord
Pop karnchanapimonkul

Study Identifies Genetic Regulators Hijacked By Avian And Swine Flu Viruses - 0 views

www.medicalnewstoday.com/...243562.php

study swine flu viruses

shared by Pop karnchanapimonkul on 02 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Pop karnchanapimonkul on 02 Apr 12
     
    Genes and Swine Flu
Mickey Tsai

Microbial Mules: Engineering Bacteria to Transport Nanoparticles and Drugs: Scientific American - 1 views

www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm

engineering bacteria transport drugs

shared by Mickey Tsai on 01 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Mickey Tsai on 01 Apr 12
     
    Scientists are trying to use bacteria in order to deliver nanoparticles and drugs into living human cells. David Gracias of John Hopkins University had success when gluing the nanoparticles to the bacteria by soaking it in a solution of nanoparticles and heating the mixture.
chanon chiarnpattanodom

Stem cell therapy could repair some heart damage - Yahoo! News - 2 views

news.yahoo.com/HQDc2VjdGlvbnMEdGVzdAM-;_ylv=3

shared by chanon chiarnpattanodom on 02 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Patients with advanced heart disease who received an experimental stem cell therapy
  • Study authors described the trial as the largest to date to examine stem cell therapy as a route to repairing the heart in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and left ventricular dysfunction.
  • injections of their own stem cells, taken from their bone marrow, into damaged areas of their hearts.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • The patients -- 82 of whom were men -- all had chronic heart disease, along with either heart failure or angina or both, and their left ventricles were pumping at less than 45 percent of capacity.
  • None of the participant
  • eligible for revascularization surgery
  • heart disease was so advanced
  • Those who received the stem cell therapy saw a small but significant boost in the heart's ability to pump blood, measuring the increase from the heart's main pumping chamber at 2.7 percent more than placebo patients.
  • However, other factors showed no improvement
  • heart's maximum oxygen consumption did not change
  • defects in the heart were not healed by the treatment
  • This is the kind of information we need in order to move forward with the clinical use of stem cell therapy," said lead investigator Emerson Perin
  • "With this mapping procedure, we have a roadmap to the heart muscle," said Perin
  • Heart disease is the leading killer in the United States, claiming nearly 600,000 lives per year, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • chanon chiarnpattanodom on 02 Apr 12
     
    A recent experiment was done on elderly patients who had heart diseases, those that had progressed too far for coronary surgery. Patients were injected with their own stem cells in the bone marrow into areas in the heart. The pumping capacity did improve a little, but overall the oxygen use and the defects did not change. This is a stepping stone towards using stem cells to treat people in difficult situations where a normal surgery would not.
adisa narula

The Top 10 Everything of 2009 - TIME - 1 views

www.time.com/...945379_1944416_1944420,00.html

dna genetics disease epigenetic

shared by adisa narula on 01 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • adisa narula on 01 Apr 12
     
    The decoding of the human genome nearly a decade ago fueled expectations that an understanding of all human hereditary influences was within sight. But the connections between genes and, say, disease turned out to be far more complicated than imagined.
Sasicha Manupipatpong

Divergent evolution illuminated: Light shed on reasons behind genome differences between species - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...120329124607.htm

trna dna evolution genome differences proteins biotechnology

shared by Sasicha Manupipatpong on 01 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • divergent evolution of the genomes of different groups of species
  • three large domains: Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
  • genomes of each group have evolved towards distinct structures that have favored their separation
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • connection between the function of enzymes and the composition of the genomes shed light on the evolution and structure of genes
  • analyzed the distribution and abundance of transfer RNA genes
  • structure of genomes was adapted to the activity of some enzymes, which differ for Bacteria and for Eukarya and are absent in Archaea
  • activity of these enzymes modifies tRNAs, allowing them to recognize up to three distinct codons
    • Sasicha Manupipatpong
      Sasicha Manupipatpong on 01 Apr 12
       
      Prior to the study, it was understood that tRNA's have a specific anti-codon sequence which would recognize a single mRNA codon with the complementary sequence. Does this mean that the tRNA also attaches to different amino acids as well? How does the tRNA differentiate between the different amino acids it is at that moment carrying and the codon it matches with on the mRNA--does it change shape according to which amino acid is attached to it?
  • activity of the bacterial and eukaryal enzymes is different, which explains why the genomes and the gene composition of bacteria, eukarya, and archaea have diverged
  • relation between genome structure and the speed of protein synthesis from its genes
  • greater the abundance of a protein in a cell the higher the number of triplets found in its gene sequence that can be read by modified tRNAs
  • biotechnology as the discovery of the relevance of these modifications will allow an improvement in the industrial production of proteins
  • another parameter with which to optimize the synthesis of proteins from a gene
  • human insulin is "manufactured" in bacteria and our discovery would allow this production to be increased if we take into account the activity of these enzymes
  • relevant for the study of cancer: "it is possible that these modification enzymes are over-represented in some kinds of cancer. In fact, this would be logical because cancer cells are highly efficient in producing proteins."
  • demonstrates how organisms have evolved in a different manner to achieve better adaptations and to have optimum protein translation efficiency
  • don't exactly know why these enzymes appear or why they are different in bacteria and in eukaryotes but it's clear that they contribute to the separation of genomes of these two groups
  • genetic code is the same
  • what has changed is the relative importance of different codons of the code
  • Sasicha Manupipatpong on 01 Apr 12
     
    A recent study uncovers the reasons for the divergent evolution of the genomes of different species. The findings provide information about tRNA modifications which may prove useful in the field of biotechnology, specifically in the industrial production of proteins
Sasicha Manupipatpong

Identical DNA codes discovered in different plant species - 2 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...120409164426.htm

plant species identical DNA sequences medicine

shared by Sasicha Manupipatpong on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • found identical sequences of DNA located at completely different places on multiple plant genomes
  • Although the scientists found identical sequences between plant species, just as they did between animals, they suggested the sequences evolved differently.
  • find identical sequences in plant DNAs
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • identical sections weren't found at the same points
  • genomes of six animals (dog, chicken, human, mouse, macaque and rat)
  • six plant species (Arabidopsis, soybean, rice, cottonwood, sorghum and grape)
  • found long strings of identical code in different species of animals' DNA
  • expect to see convergent evolution, but we don't
  • Plants and animals are both complex multi-cellular organisms that have to deal with many of the same environmental conditions, like taking in air and water and dealing with weather variations, but their genomes code for solutions to these challenges in different ways
  • could help in the development of new medicines
  • used to find identical sequential patterns in an organism's entire set of proteins
  • lead to finding new targets for existing drugs or studying these drugs' side effects
  • Sasicha Manupipatpong on 16 Apr 12
     
    A computer algorithm found identical sequences of DNA in different places of various plant species' genomes. The same has been found in animals. This could prove to be beneficial in the development of new medicines (for testing drug side effects).
Sasicha Manupipatpong

New genes linked to brain size, intelligence - 2 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...120415150123.htm

genes linked brain size intelligence

shared by Sasicha Manupipatpong on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • genes that increase your risk for a single disease that your children can inherit
  • factors that cause tissue atrophy and reduce brain size, which is a biological marker for hereditary disorders
  • schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, Alzheimer’s disease and dementia
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • sample large enough to reveal clear patterns in genetic variation and show how these changes physically alter the brain
  • screened the genomes of people suffering from a specific brain disease and combed their DNA to uncover a common variant.
  • gene variants that deplete brain tissue beyond normal in a healthy person
  • unearth new genetic variants in people who have bigger brains as well as differences in regions critical to learning and memory
  • smaller brains
  • variations in their DNA that help boost or lower their brains’ susceptibility to a vast range of diseases
  • consistent relationship between subtle shifts in the genetic code and diminished memory centers
  • People also can take preventive steps through exercise, diet and mental stimulation to erase the effects of a bad gene
  • Once we identify the gene, we can target it with a drug to reduce the risk of disease
  • genes that explain individual differences in intelligence
  • People whose HMGA2 gene held a letter “C” instead of “T” on that location of the gene possessed larger brains and scored more highly on standardized IQ tests
  • gene called HMGA2 affected brain size as well as a person’s intelligence
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  • Sasicha Manupipatpong on 16 Apr 12
     
    Specific genes have been identified which affect brain size and intelligence--a difference of one nucleotide in the DNA sequence could determine how well you score on a standardized IQ test.
Nickyz P.

We Need More Research On Genetically Altered Salmon Says FDA Advisory Panel - 1 views

www.medicalnewstoday.com/...201862.php

shared by Nickyz P. on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • A panel of experts that advises the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decided on Monday more research was needed before it could vote on whether to recommend approval to allow genetically modified salmon to be bred for human consumption in the US.
  • To make the genetically modified Atlantic salmon, they take the growth gene from the Pacific chinook salmon and insert it into the DNA of newly fertilized Atlantic salmon eggs. However, this of itself is not enough to keep the salmon growing all year round: to keep the growth gene permanently "switched on", the AquaBounty scientists also add a small piece of DNA from another fish called the ocean pout.
Sasicha Manupipatpong

Memory in adults impacted by versions of four genes - 2 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...120415151347.htm

genes alzheimer's hippocampus shrinking

shared by Sasicha Manupipatpong on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • advanced understanding of the genetic components of Alzheimer's disease and of brain development.
  • understanding of the genetic components of Alzheimer's disease and of brain development
  • certain versions of four genes may speed shrinkage of a brain region involved in making new memories
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • hippocampus, normally shrinks with age, but if the process speeds up, it could increase vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease
  • two genes associated with intracranial volume -- the space within the skull occupied by the brain when the brain is fully developed in a person's lifespan
  • gene variants identified in the first study do not cause Alzheimer's, but they may rob the hippocampus of a kind of "reserve" against the disease
  • cause cell destruction and dramatic shrinkage of this key brain site
  • almost twice the Alzheimer's risk if he or she had these versions of the gene
  • if a person with one of these variants did get Alzheimer's, the disease would attack an already compromised hippocampus and so would lead to a more severe condition at a younger age than otherwise
  • Alzheimer's disease causes much of its damage by shrinking hippocampus volume
  • loses a greater-than-average amount of volume due to the gene variants we've identified, the hippocampus is more vulnerable to Alzheimer's
  • associations impacting intracranial volume, which is an indirect measure of the size of the brain at full development.
  • brain volume and intracranial volume are both highly heritable
  • no associations for brain volume
  • one of these genes has played a unique evolutionary role in human development, and perhaps we as a species are selecting this gene as a way of providing further advances in brain development
  • Sasicha Manupipatpong on 16 Apr 12
     
    The shrinking of the hippocampus, which occurs with age in normal people, was found to be accelerated by certain versions of four genes, which could increase susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease, which also affects the volume of the hippocampus.
Sasicha Manupipatpong

Gene switches do more than flip 'on' or 'off': Can exhibit much more complex binding behavior - 1 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...120411131911.htm

genes switch on off more complex

shared by Sasicha Manupipatpong on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • right genes for the job are turned on only in the specific cells where they are needed
  • molecular "clutch" that converts treadmilling to a stable bound state, moving the transcription process forward to completion to turn the gene on
  • act like a switch; they are either "on" (bound to DNA) or "off" (not bound)
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • can exhibit much more complex binding behavior
  • transcription factors' binding process is dynamic and involves more than just being bound or unbound
  • In addition to a stable binding state (on or off)
  • "treadmilling," where no forward transcription process is occurring
  • indicator of whether a gene was turned on or off
  • measure and calculate how long a protein is associated with all of the different genes it regulates
  • proteins that bind in the stable state are associated with high levels of gene transcription
  • if we can regulate the transition between treadmilling and stable binding, we can regulate the outcome in terms of gene expression
  • genetic medicine -- a new way to regulate the 'switches' that turn gene expression associated with disease on or off.
  • measured how long it took the competitor transcription factor to replace the resident protein and used this data to calculate the residence time at each location in the genome
  • specific proteins called "transcription factors" that control which genes are turned on or off in cells by binding to nearby DNA
  • new insights on how cells respond to developmental cues and how they adapt to changing environmental conditions
  • Sasicha Manupipatpong on 16 Apr 12
     
    Genes have been discovered to be more complex than we previously thought--rather than having only on and off states, there is an intermediate state called "treadmilling".
Paige Prescott

Synthetic DNA Created, Evolves on Its Own - 1 views

news.nationalgeographic.com/...volution-genetics-life-science

synthetic dna

shared by Paige Prescott on 20 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Paige Prescott on 20 Apr 12
     
    a new nucleic acid to learn about- XNA!
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