Proposed Online Course Standards
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ollie1 (Peterman): Iowa Online Course Standards - 2 views
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The course content and activities are of sufficient rigor, depth, and breadth to teach the standards being addressed (iN 1.3, QM 5.1, ROI 3.c)
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I'm feeling that this class is very rigorous, tons of digging to do to learn the content. However, that opinion may be based on the fact I'm learning the vocabulary needed to comprehend assignments, etc. I'm relating to our ESL students, they face my frustration all the time when trying to interact with academic content without the understanding of vocabulary needed to fully learn the content.
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(CP) • Course provider uses multiple ways of assessing course effectiveness.
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(K-12) • 21st century skills, including information literacy and communication skills, are incorporated and taught as an integral part of the curriculum. (iN 1.4)
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I talk about 21st century skills and information literacy with public librarians a lot, and try to emphasize how important they are to education and that libraries should play more of a role supporting them. Now I have a specific standard to refer to. It's always nice to have something official to refer to.
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• The course provides opportunities for appropriate student interaction with the content to foster mastery and application of the material. (ROI 3.a)
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This is where I struggle with designing online learning. I don't know enough about tools to create good interaction between the students and content. An additional hurdle for me is that I'm working with adult learners, many of whom are not comfortable with technology. So in addition to providing as much interactivity as possible, I need tools that are relatively easy to understand and use.
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Adaptive Learning System Articles - 2 views
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Don’t be content to merely argue that you can’t be replaced by a machine. That’s a losing strategy. The winning strategy is to prove it.
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I don't believe that a machine will every take the place of a teacher. Building relationships with students is crucial to their success. No significant amount of learning occurs, when a student's needs are not met. Student-teacher relationships are fundamental to a student's academic success.
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I don't mean to disagree with you Lisa but I think good programs can replace poor teachers. I agree the programs can't replace a good teacher. A good teacher will learn how to use it as a supplement and teaching tool.
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Good programs are very valuable but I don't think teachers need to worry about being replaced. Students can get instruction but still need the interaction with others.
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Students that struggle academically will not be motivated to learn with out without adaptive technologies. A great relationship with a teacher can engage the student to learn and adaptive technologies are a great resource to aid that teacher!
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Many students in the United States fail to complete school. 7% of high school students drop out before graduation and nearly half of the students who start college don’t finish within six years. Many of those students who don’t make it to graduation day are the kind of non-traditional students attracted to online learning.
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Many of my students have indicated that they prefer online learning over the traditional classroom. Sometimes I worry they aren't getting the same education but at the same time I am thankful they have the opportunity to learn. I imagine that many of them would have dropped out, if this option was not available.
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I agree with you Lisa that for some students, online learning is an option that has helped keep them in high school. I think it is important to talk to students who are thinking of dropping out to find out why. The issue may not be school but life. Though having an online program is often a way to help them return if they have left school.
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From my experience working with at risk students at the high school level, along with the intermediate level, most all of them prefer some online learning. They thrive at the opportunity to use technology. The only thing I hope we don't do is deface the value of making a connection with the at risk student. These students not only like non-traditional, they also thrive with making a connection with teachers/adults who show interest in their well-being. I love the technology, but also love the interaction and connections I make with students.
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I agree that the kids need to have a connection with a teacher, too. Our online credit recovery students are encouraged to work in the library on their classes. They know that the library staff will help them. They also have gone to the content teachers for help if they don't understand the explanation online. In addition to the facilitator of our credit recovery program, they have other staff members who are looking out for them and helping them succeed.
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Adaptive learning tech will let them know when they need to slow down a bit and pay closer attention to the material.
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When we work on our own, we're able to rush thru, maybe not doing the best work we can. AL won't let the student go too fast without letting them be aware of it. It's great that it calls attention to this. This way, the student can either slow down, or decide to do it later, when he/she is able to pay more attention.
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Teachers don’t want to waste time on the stuff students already know, when what they need is specific help with this one thing that they just can’t figure out. The data produced by adaptive learning tech allows faculty to steer those conversations in the directions most important to helping the student succeed.
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Typically teachers cover all areas in lessons that they think students might need to know, which takes up a good chunk of classes. With AL, teachers can help students only if the student can't figure something out, thereby eliminating reteaching something they already know. A huge timesaver, plus it gets right to the problem, leaving no time for boredom.
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I really enjoy it in my U.S. History class because it gives me the time to expand on what they already know. Normally they would only get the basic information, now I have the time to ask why or what are going to be the consequence's? (Ken)
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A student using a physics program answers quiz questions about angular momentum incorrectly, so the program offers supplemental materials and more practice problems on that topic. A history student answers questions about the War of the Roses correctly the first time, so the program waits an interval of time and then requizzes the student to make sure that she is able to remember the information. A math student makes a mistake with the specific step of factoring polynomials while attempting to solve a polynomial equation, so the program provides the student with extra hints and supplemental practice problems on that step. An ESL writing student provides incorrect subject/verb agreement in several places within her essay, so the program provides a lesson on that topic and asks the student to find and correct her mistakes.
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These are lessons that are particularly tailored to each student. Most teachers aren't able to do this for each student. These are done instantly, also, which a classroom teacher is also not able to do. Or, maybe the teacher is busy with other students the whole class time and isn't able to get to the student that day. He/she would have to wait or try to figure it out on their own.
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I agree with you. This can especially be helpful when you are working with larger size classes. Sometimes it's just impossible to get around and help everybody. You also have those who won't ask for help. The program is going to help them whether they want it or not. (Ken)
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If these programs truly do what is listed here, that is great. I know that when I was in the classroom, there were days I wasn't able to get around to all of my students and there were only 30 at most. In most districts that is climbing. I am concerned that the software in these programs doesn't really do what it says it can and therefore, students are the ones left out.
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I agree if these programs can really do what this says that would be wonderful. Always in need of additional resources to help students learn different concepts.
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Adaptive technology can follow a student’s progress as they work and recognize which concepts they’ve mastered and in which areas they need further instruction.
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If one student’s acing everything they do, the teacher know don’t need any intervention.
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This addresses I situation I often run into. That stigma that Alternative Ed. students aren't as smart. Several of my students are highly intelligent and are extremely bored in traditional classrooms. The adaptive learning programs allow them to move at their own pace and not waste time on stuff they already know or wait while the teacher helps those students who struggle. (Ken)
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how much you trust the software to do what it claims it can do. These are your students, and you are turning them over to the care of a tutor. Do you trust the tutor to teach the right concepts and, perhaps more importantly, not to give false or misleading guidance?
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it is critical to develop a clear and well-articulated position on which teaching functions the software can fulfill and which it can’t in order to defend the value of a real college education and the faculty who deliver it.
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All of these positions need to be considered when deciding on what software to purchase. It would, also, be helpful to communicate with another school which uses it. They could tell you where there are strengths and weaknesses. You would need to know as much as you can about what you are specifically wanting from the program. It would be nice to have a trial period to see if it works with what you're needing before you have to purchase it.
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Furthermore, the study also found that the OLI students took 50% less time to learn all of the content and perform the same or better relative to the traditional students
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"Let's say you want to teach engineers how to build a bridge," he said. "Do you want them to read something, watch something and then answer a multiple choice quiz, or do you want them to build a bridge with a simulator that gives them specific feedback and specific activity based on that?"
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When looking at different programs this was one of the main things I looked for. One of the main reasons we decided to go with the program we went with was because it contained several interactive experiments in it's science programs. We acknowledged that the students were missing out not being in a traditional classroom doing the hands-on work.
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Students deperately want to be challenged to their individual level and technology has their attention. Utilizing technology with innovative opportunities to learn are win-win for students and teachers.
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A big part of what appeals to students about the possibility of online learning is being able to approach the material on their own time, at their own pace.
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As much as this sounds good, students must have the self-discipline to do their work in a timely manner. Unfortunately, many do not.
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I have seen this, too. Most of our credit recovery students need someone to make sure their "own pace" doesn't drag out too long - or wait until the week before school is out.
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Important to note, of course, is that in-person instruction does not fall out of the picture in most cases; in fact, it many strengthen instruction as faculty take on a more supporting, coaching role, with less time devoted to delivery of content, which students may or may not already have mastered, and more time focused on one-to-one student engagement and self-paced guidance through a curriculum.
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I like the idea of being more of a guide on the side than a sage on the stage. That is the role I prefer to have with my students. I think it is definitely an important component in a PLE.
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The students really need that guide still. In addition to learning the content, they are learning how to manage their time and meet deadlines independently. A lot of the students need help with this.
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If we want students to become lifelong learners we need them to be able to access information and use that knowledge. As teachers the guide on the side should always be our role, in my opinion.
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The CogBooks platform also supports an adaptive approach that takes the student on a pre-programmed path in response to his or her input or pre-test results. The system also incorporates consideration of the best learning sequences, based on a student's responses, knowledge profile, learning-style preferences and even context
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The root of the problem is not the adaptive technology itself so much as the belief that a “good” education is entirely quantifiable and therefore manageable by computer.
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You should assess the number of remedial students served yearly, the successes of existing initiatives, the unique challenges faced by the many types of students that can fall within this population, and how successful your institutions is on the whole in serving these students
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I think it is important to look at your data. Tier 2 students may need something in addition to their Tier 1 instruction. Maybe the Tier 1 instruction can benefit from using the technology, but it will all be based on the data. This will determine what kind of technology the school will need to provide.
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we wonder whether some confusion persists about the role of this technology and how drastically it may impact traditional instruction
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offer additional lessons on a subject until the student gains mastery
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I love this idea. The idea that a student will be able to come back to it time and time again and gain mastery of a standard is wonderful. When teaching a large group of 20-30 students, we move on when 80% have mastered the standard. I created small group time in my classroom to reach the students who have not mastered it. Using adaptive technology would be a great alternative to that.
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Adaptive learning technology can help recognize the challenge they’re having and provide additional resources to help them work through it on their own, especially at times when a professor isn’t available to give help.
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Students can also get a clearer idea of when they’re ready to move on. If they’re rushing to complete their work, it can be easy for students to assume they’ve understood what’s in a chapter and jump ahead – unless they have to take a quick quiz that shows what information they’ve retained
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I really like the tracking. I can see who might be having trouble where and I especially like to use it to see if I have a group of students that are not understanding a particular concept. I can pull not only individuals, but also pull a small group of students to reteach the concept.
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Students tend to work on their academics very late in the evening - whether it is due to extra-curricular activities, a job, or procrastination! With this technology, students can get assistance regardless of the time of day/night, when they are in the mood to learn.
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"I'm a big believer that we should not take the teacher away from the teaching process," he says. "We should build the technology around the teachers to empower them and put them at the center of the story. We want them to be able to leverage the technology, rather than being replaced by it."
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I love this! The teacher needs to be the center of the learning with many tools and resources available to help students learn in their particular way. We need access to as many tools and resources we can get, however these programs are costly. Also, once a teacher gains familiarity with a program, there is risk that it will not be endorsed by the school the following year. We are experiencing this for the upcoming school year; a program we have used and are very familiar with was just cancelled with no replacement. That's upsetting.
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Adaptive learning technology tracks what and how each student is doing so that teachers can keep up with each student’s progress.
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There is a cultural temptation, fed somewhat by eager vendors and a press that tends toward an excess of techno-optimism, to believe that adaptive learning platforms are the future of education and can be full replacements for teacher-facilitated classes.
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"The technology is now cheap enough and powerful enough for this kind of approach to be applied effectively and widely," Martin said.
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"One of the benefits of adaptive learning is that it frees up faculty members to spend more time with students, to work with them in small groups and individually, essentially flipping the classroom," Johnson said. "We see this [approach] as part of a much bigger pedagogical picture. The technology is a tool that gets us to our goal of rehumanizing our large classes."
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Implementation in an Elementary Classroom (Articles) - 1 views
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physical redesign of your classroom based on different examples of learning zones and flexible learning spaces
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We introduce the different types of classroom learning environments.
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When trying to introduce different classroom environments we must sometimes deal with less enlightened administrators. We can not always get what we want/need.
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I agree - more flexible learning environments is not always ideal in some situations. The resources needed to make Personalized Learning effective are not always available to us. What do we do then?
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Inquiry-based instruction, a teaching technique rooted in questioning —
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Marcon tracked children from preschool through the third and fourth grades and found that those with “overly academic” preschool experiences struggled in their later elementary years when they were expected to “think more independently and take on greater responsibility for their own learning process.
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Agree, but we must be careful that academics are not forgotten completely. I have encountered students who have come into kindergarten very independent and lacking the ability to spell their pwn names.
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Definitely something to be wary of...guided play might be a better term that would make me more comfortable in this case. I think with the right prompts they can have freedom to play with an end in mind, as well.
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In an ideal world, someone would tell you any important details from a child's school record before she arrives in your class. But in reality, you may need to do the research yourself.
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In an ideal world, someone would do the appropriate assessments and then include them in the student's file. Research is key, I try to observe my future students in their current class room whenever possible.
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Student PEP's (personalized education plans are a great tool to ensure the next teacher or school knows the most important things about a student. This means the teacher can better meet the needs of the student quickly instead of re-learning what another has already discovered. Unfortunately, it is rare to receive that kind of information and we must dig further which sometimes requires a lot of work and time to get answers.
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This is especially true for students with IEP's already in place from another district. Reading it before can give you background and an idea of how to approach the student to assess where they are.
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Read students' files. In an ideal world, someone would tell you any important details from a child's school record before she arrives in your class. But in reality, you may need to do the research yourself.
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Creating personalized education plans for students or some sort of information that passes on from one school or teacher helps us get a better start with students. If we can start with a student knowing they do better in certain environments or with accommodations we do not need to re-learn over weeks what someone else has discovered. This allows us to meet students needs quickly. Unfortunately it is rare that we see that information without spending time digging for it.
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inventory assessment of existing resources and from a repository of tools and apps that support learners in your classroom.
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Although her natural inclination is “to help my students when they’re stumped or confused, I need constantly to remind myself that when I supply an answer or even suggest a method for finding an answer, I’m not truly helping.”
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“Giving them directions all the time takes away from the creative process and imagination, which a lot of my kids are lacking,” she says, “because they’re so used to being spoon-fed information that they can barely critically think.”
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Sadly, our traditional education system does take out this play time and creativity. I've been a teacher for 7 years and I started during the beginning implementation of the Common Core Standards. There has been such focus on rigor and DOK that learning experiences have become so bland and structured. Students have almost been trained to wait for instruction to do anything.
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I agree! When I began to let my students select some of their learning they had no idea how to approach it, they wanted me to tell them what to do. In a world with so many opportunities our students lack the ability to really begin outside the box thinking.
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I taught kindergarten for six years. Over that short amount of time, I saw a decline in critical thinking as we constantly pushed content on students. As a first grade teacher, I continue to see this decline, as well as a major lack of social/coping skills.
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Practice procedures for independent and collaborative work. Forest Lake's rule of thumb is that each procedure needs to be practiced 28 times to stick. When you introduce a new activity, such as independently listening to an audio book, give students enough practice to become adept at it. Then add another. Eventually, you'll be able to work with a small group while the other children learn without your constant supervision.
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This really emphasizes how long it takes to establish a learning environment that works for personalized learning. Especially in elementary everything needs to be pre-taught and prepared.
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I'm still going back and forth on how I could even begin to structure my own classroom environment to implement personalized learning. It seems like so much work, not that it wouldn't be worth it, time and energy to teach expectations with no definite outcome. I don't know how my students will handle it. Will they take it and run with it? Will they struggle being self-directed learners and make it seem like I've restructured my classroom for nothing?!
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I'm also struggling on where to start. I'm trying to decide which "baby steps" will be the most beneficial for my students. Like you mentioned, it will be a lot of work, so you want to make sure that it will be beneficial.
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Arrange desks into collaborative clusters or stations. The key is to give your classroom flexibility and enable varied work to go on at once. Include options for sitting on the floor, which is better for kids who don't learn as well while sitting still in a chair.
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This is something that really changes how students work. We have different types of learning areas and the kids can work together or in a quiet space if that is there preference. We also have a variety of flexible seating, students love having choices and seem to be more focused when they are comfortable. Days are long when sitting in a chair all day and they get squirmy.
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Absolutely agree! Sometimes (especially with special education students in my experience) they just need to refocus and moving to a different area with different seating works so well!
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continually resist the temptation to lead her students through lessons
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I feel like this would be the hardest part of personalized learning for teachers new to the implementation process. Stepping back from leading students through how to do something and letting them explore/learn on their own. The teacher part of me would want to constantly interject to see where they need help or how they are doing!
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If we don't give kids a chance to experiment, they may not know they're good at something or like it
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This statement is very interesting to me and I feel like this has happened to me several times before. For example, I've had several experiences when a student struggles with place value but then excels when we get to our multiplication unit. In place value I don't tend to use a lot of manipulatives but when we get to multiplication it is taught very visually to begin with. Maybe that's what a child needs in order to excel - a chance to manipulate and experiment. I need to look into ways other than base-ten blocks on how I can add in manipulatives with my place value unit.
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s Thinking Maps,
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if there’s no place for play in the classroom, “then there’s no place for children in the classroom
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With young children, you can have them draw a smiley or sad face in response to questions like, "Do you like drawing pictures?" Then you'll be better armed to play to their passions and strengths.
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You can check instantly using a simple thumbs-up/thumbs-down question-and-answer or, if you have them, electronic remote clickers. Forest Lake curriculum coordinator Marian Scullion suggests using an exit slip; after a lesson, have students write their answers to a quick question about what they've learned. Then, use that feedback to plan for the next day.
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Share planning duties with a fellow teacher. Find someone at your school who shares your passion for differentiated instruction and join forces. Divide up the work; each of you can devise different versions of a lesson for different learning styles and abilities. Plus, once you get a few people excited about this effort, it can be contagious.
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Such a great idea! I see so much competition in some teacher relationships, when if they would work together it would benefit the both of them! I also feel students can better collaborate when grade levels do similar activities, so even when friends or siblings are in different sections, they can still support one another because they are doing similar or the same skills. Grade level sections who work together seem to be happier and have greater success with students. Two heads are better than one!
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This is a simple chart on which each student writes what she already knows ("K") about a given topic, what she wants to know ("W"), and then -- to be filled out at the end of the lesson -- what she actually learned ("L"). You can use these charts like cheat sheets to spot strengths or gaps in students' base knowledge.
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You can also provide struggling students with leveled text -- less difficult reading that contains the same content."
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gives them a lot more than what I can give them teaching straight from a textbook all day.”
Use Zoom for Effective Online Lessons - Teach ESL Online - 0 views
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The Quest for Quality - Educational Leadership - 11 views
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In the past, few educators, policymakers, or parents would have considered questioning the accuracy of these tests.
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I was a teacher who didn't question cut scores. In fact they made life easier for me- but there really was no real learning beyond the assessment. This transition to continual learning makes so much more sense!
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This sentence is so true. I remember bringing home ITBS scores to my parents. As long as the scores were in the 90th percentile or better they were pleased. I don't remember them ever digging deeper to ask the teacher what I actually knew or did not know. To them it was an important test and whatever the results said must have been the truth. I'm glad we're not there anymore.
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Very true. We never questioned ITBS or ITED scores - we believed they were the one and only true assessment of a student's abilities. My how things are changing! There are so many factors to consider (region, vocabulary, did the student eat breakfast, did the student get enough rest, etc).
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I can remember as a child being very worried about my ITBS score, I was never a good test taker and I knew how "important" these tests were. I am glad that these days we use more authentic types of assessments also.
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I just reviewed ITED scores with our son. I recently read that ITED scores are closely related to scores one might expect for ACTs. This really worries me as a parent since we have a special needs child whose vision problems have greatly affected his performance in school. He plans to take the ACT test this spring and I know he's not prepared to accept a low score. Convincing him that he needs to take practice tests and study has been really difficult.
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The assessor must begin with a clear picture of why he or she is conducting the assessment.
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Using this with the concept of backward design shows us how many options all fit together.
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I too value the "Begin with the end in mind" method. I find it easier, after establishing learning goals, to determine how I'll assess them then let that direct my method of instruction.
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The "end product" might have different meaning to the student. For example, I teach a cooking class and the end product is often the food prepared. It can be difficult to convince the student that a standard muffin has specific characteristics. We review the characteristics before beginning the lab. In the eyes of the student, if it is edible it's just fine! You wouldn't believe how many times students have mixed up baking soda for baking powder and have been completely satisfied with a pancake that tastes like soap.
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Strangely, after all the staff development, I think some teachers don't know why they are giving certain assessments. Part of this may be that they are philosophically opposed to so much testing but I think there is still a lack of understanding about the concepts being taught: the minutiae are more clear.
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four categories of learning targets are
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These targets could define four different assessments given quarterly. Don't we give informal assessments that cover some of these targets?
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I like checklist type information because it helps me to evaluate and plan my own instruction. I can use these criteria to make sure I plan for all these targets in my instruction.
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Do the results provide clear direction for what to do next?
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I would love to see our inservices allow for time to have such reflections on our assessments and allow us to redirect our planning. How much more would we see student growth if we not only reflected and redirected but also shared our observations with colleagues who also have the students (cross-curricular and at the next level) to have growth be specific and continual rather than a 9 month experiment that restarts from Ground Zero the following year!
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Yes! There's so much research that values reflection, and yet it's something that one almost feels "guilty" doing on contract time.
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Selecting an assessment method that is incapable of reflecting the intended learning will compromise the accuracy of the results.
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This shows how important it is to set your learning targets and then make sure your assessment gives you the information that you are seeking in regards to those targets.
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Without proper training, I'm sure this happens all too often. Teachers often teach and test based on their own experiences and not based on best-practices.
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If you can't determine an assessment to match your learning target, could it be that your learning target needs revision?
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I couldn't agree with you more! Some teachers refuse to open up to the latest in best practice, assuming that '36' years of teaching for example, has given them enough info to have 'all' the answers. And if the assessment is too difficult to create to match the target, why yes, revise the target. It seems we need to think outside the box, and to remind ourselves to keep updated and in touch with the world.
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I think many times, the catch here is the gradebook. Many stakeholders(parents, students, administrators, etc.) have very rigid expectations for grading and equate assessment and grading. Teachers don't know how to manage both effectively, and tend to default to the needs of the gradebook for survival.
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I have found it useful for another person to look at the assessment. Especially someone in a different curriculum area.
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That sounds like a good idea. Why, specifically, do you use someone from a different curriculum area? I can think of some ideas, but I don't know if they are the ones you are considering.
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After defining inference as "a conclusion drawn from the information available,"
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a student might assess how strong his or her thesis statement is by using phrases from a rubric,
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If we don't begin with clear statements of the intended learning—clear and understandable to everyone, including students—we won't end up with sound assessments.
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I remember once writing a test item that had a term in it that my sophomore biology students didn't understand. Some asked me what the word meant, but what about those who were too embarrassed to ask?
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This helps solidify the Iowa Core characteristic of effective instruction--assessment for learning and why it is part of the Iowa Core.
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I can relate this to my children and the way that my husband and I differ on how we give directions. For example, he may say, "Your job is to be good." To a three and a five year old, "be good" is a very vague term. I might say something along the lines of, "Your job is to listen without interupting me, use good manners like saying, 'please and thank you,' and to sit down while we're eating dinner."
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Figure 2 (page 18) clarifies which assessment methods are most likely to produce accurate results for different learning targets.
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I have seen this chart from Stiggins work before and have found it to be quite useful. This reminds me of why we need to take the written portion to get an Iowa Driver's license, as well as taking Driver's Ed. or taking the Driving portion (of the test) to get a Driver's License. We need to know both the factual "stuff" (like what a STOP sign means), as well as the skill of being able to actually drive a vehicle.
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new levels of testing that include benchmark, interim, and common assessments.
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And I wonder how much Professional Development teachers (new and old) have been given to support them as they face the new assessment expectations. I think too much is taken for granted...teachers need training if all of this testing and data is to make a real difference for our students.
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Totally agree!! Teachers need to know not only how and why they are collecting data. But how to use the data to make instructional decisions.
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the use of multiple measures does not, by itself, translate into high-quality evidence.
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and the students themselves
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I think that we often forget about this part of the equation! I remember all too often getting a computer generated page back with test results that I couldn't understand and I'm sure that this is still happening nationwide. We must not forget that our jargon must be translated to the student and the parent so that all stakeholders are on the same page.
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test plan.
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noise distractions
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I once had to ask that they stop mowing the grass just outside my classroom window while my students took the FCAT Reading test in Florida...minor details like this can make a HUGE difference for the kids testing! I couldn't believe that my administrators hadn't considered all of the details.
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This can be major for some students - I took a professional knnowledge test years ago in an auditorium and the monitors were talking softly at the front but it really carried - they had no idea and I didn't say anything but noise doesn't normally bother me so I know it bothered others.
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assessment literate
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Clear Learning Targets
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aim for the lowest possible reading leve
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Use a reading score from a state accountability test as a diagnostic instrument for reading group placement.
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hmmm... we do this for Instructional Decision Making groups in Carroll. It's only one piece of the puzzle, but at the beginning of the year, we rely on the ITBS Reading Comp score to place students into groups.
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I have done this myself at the high school level. No other data exists for my use in connection with students I don't know and time constraints.
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Seven strategies of assessment for learning.
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cultural insensitivity
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I witnessed this first hand when the demographics in one district changed dramatically over the course of about two years. For younger students, pictures in an assessment were used. Several of the students had never seen a rose, but they knew it was a flower--but flower wasn't a choice.
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This is so true! One night my husband and I were watching COPS and they were in NYC. A little boy pointed to the very small grassy area in between four apartment buildings that made a square and said, "He just ran through that meadow." I looked at my husband and said, "That kid would flunk the ITBS because he doesn't know the true definition of a meadow...for him, the small grassy area is a meadow. But for our region, a meadow is described totally differently and looks totally different." Test writers do not consider regional vocabulary enough when putting together an assessment. It is still 'one size fits all.'
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There are some obvious things when it comes to cultural sensitivity. There are also some things a person preparing a test just might not know since their culture is different.
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access to the data they want when they need it,
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learning continuum
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The classroom is also a practical location to give students multiple opportunities to demonstrate what they know and can do
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the reason for assessing is to document individual or group achievement or mastery of standards and measure achievement status at a point in time.
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Choosing the Right Assessment
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Specific, descriptive feedback linked to the targets of instruction and arising from the assessment items or rubrics communicates to students in ways that enable them to immediately take action, thereby promoting further learning.
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Whenever I read the word "specific," I can't help but to remember my third year of teaching when the English 9 teachers would share an old reel-to-reel converted to VHS instructional video with the class. Several minutes into the video, the narrator would tell the students: "Specific is terrific." This type of feedback is really the exception rather than the rule, isn't it?
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This is really good practice, but extremely time consuming. We need to include as much as possible, but it may not always be feasible or possible to do it all the time.
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build balanced systems, with assessment-literate users
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Creating a plan like this for each assessment helps assessors sync what they taught with what they're assessing.
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In the case of summative tests, the reason for assessing is to document individual or group achievement or mastery of standards and measure achievement status at a point in time.
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inform instructional improvement and identify struggling students and the areas in which they struggle
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Students learn best when they monitor and take responsibility for their own learning.
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When we begin a project in desktop publishing the students and I brainstorm the different skills and techniques they can demonstrate and use in the project which in turn becomes their checklist or rubric. They feel more ownership and may need to revisit a skills that other students - they often require more of themselves as well.
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I think this is very true and I also believe that the learning is at a higher level.
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For each assessment, regardless of purpose, the assessor should organize the learning targets represented in the assessment into a written test plan that matches the learning targets represented in the curriculum
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Or....we need to be sure that students are learning what is going to be assessed. And what is going to be assessed is aligned with the intended learning target. I think too often in classrooms, the teaching is first, then the learning, then the alignment with the assessments or definied learning targets.
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So we need to decide what is going to be assessed first before we create the curriculum. I think often as teachers we do this the other way around. Seems like it should be simple, but sometimes I find myself creating my curriculum before I have decided what I might need to assess.
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Teachers should design the assessment so students can use the results to self-assess and set goals.
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Annual state and local district standardized tests serve annual accountability purposes, provide comparable data, and serve functions related to student placement and selection, guidance, progress monitoring, and program evaluation.
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As a "big picture" beginning point in planning for the use of multiple measures, assessors need to consider each assessment level in light of four key questions, along with their formative and summative applications1
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Summative applications refer to grades students receive (classroom level)
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At the level of annual state/district standardized assessments, they involve where and how teachers can improve instruction—next year.
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It is great when this data is used to improve instruction. I was teaching in Texas whe Gov. Perry took over from George Bush (late 90s). The annual testing there was used to determined which schools received the most funds for the next year. High scoring schools received more money; low scoring schools received less money. Sadly, the low scoring schools generally needed the funds so much more than the high scoring schools. I had friends teaching in downtown Houston who told me how many of their students came to school with just a plain tortilla for lunch. They needed more funds, but since they received low scores received less funds. The students from the suburbs (such as Sugarland where at that time the mean income was $100,000/year, attending private tutoring (paid for by parents) several afternoons a week so their test scores would be higher. I literally saw students and teachers who had nervous breakdowns due to the pressure on the testing results. I agree we need assessments; I'm just concerned about how some of those assessments are used.
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Although it may seem as though having more assessments will mean we are more accurately estimating student achievement
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The assessor
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Devil's Advocate at work here....in a perfect world, our assessments would inspire students to WANT to improve, but in reality, can a rubric really do that in and of itself?
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I have yet to see a student use a rubric to improve a project. I think the idea of it is good, but the self-motivation is not there, or I don't know how to motivate them myself.
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Given the rise in testing, especially in light of a heightened focus on using multiple measures, it's increasingly important to address two essential components of reliable assessments: quality and balance.
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I believe that this article "The Quest for Quality" really gets at the heart of the importance of having "focus lessons" daily and more long-term learning targets for both teachers and students. Being specific and purposeful about what and how we want students to learn (skills and academic (vocabulary) is essential to genuine learning and performances.
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It also helps them assign the appropriate balance of points in relation to the importance of each target as well as the number of items for each assessed target.
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This key ensures that the assessor has translated the learning targets into assessments that will yield accurate results. It calls attention to the proper assessment method and to the importance of minimizing any bias that might distort estimates of student learning.
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A mechanism should be in place for students to track their own progress on learning targets and communicate their status to others
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My comment here concerns this whole paragraph. I think we need to provide time to students as well as teachers for analyzing the results of assessments, and for using the results to make their projects better. As it is, no one has time to revisit the object of the assessment. Time constraints have all educational participants roaring along at breakneck speeds
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Who is the decision maker?
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I think this question is crucial. If the decision-maker and the purpose of the test are punitive rather than informed, no wonder people don't want to be assessed! of course we need to consider this as people who are decisionmakers and quit using tests scores to punish students--we don't like being punished for results and neither do they.
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Assessment literacy
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A detailed chart listing key issues and their formative and summative applications at each of the three assessment levels is available at www.ascd.org/ASCD/pdf/journals/ed_lead/el200911_chappius_table.pdf
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to know what constitutes appropriate and inappropriate uses of assessment results—thereby reducing the risk of applying data to decisions for which they aren't suited.
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The point where my assessment breaks down is that my formative data is rarely shared with others. We don't look for trends or patterns or discuss needed changes in content or instructional delivery.
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I believe that this article "The Quest for Quality" really gets at the heart of the importance of having "focus lessons" daily and more long-term learning targets for both teachers and students. Being specific and purposeful about what and how we want students to learn (skills and academic (vocabulary) is essential to genuine learning and performances.
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