Issues and Trends

Integration of social media has the engagement factor teachers and students seek while enabling students to gain a variety of academic and social skills

Kaplan and Haenlein (2010) identify seven types of social media: collaborative projects (e.g., Wikipedia) blogs and microblogs (e.g., Twitter, Kidblog.org) social news networking sites (e.g., Digg and Leakernet) content communities (e.g., YouTube and DailyMotion) social networking sites (e.g., Facebook) virtual game-worlds (e.g., Minecraft, World of Warcraft) virtual social worlds (e.g., Second Life)

ncreased student engagement and learning and citizenship education are benefits related to social media use in school.

For example, middle grades students can discover how technology-assisted writing can foster innovation, global communication and participation, and creative problem solving with a broader communit

Further, Ramsay purports that technology-assisted writing can nurture student creativity, communication, and problem solving skills while developing digital citizens.

Additionally, social media helps facilitate differentiation by allowing the needs of creative learners to be met through a cooperative learning environment. Students are better able to balance their individualism with the need for contact with others, allowing new ideas to flourish

Social media can help adolescents develop and strengthen collaboration skills as they share knowledge, learn with and from others, and are active in the learning process

Therefore, inclusion of social media in education activities is necessary to help increase equity among students of different racial and socioeconomic backgrounds by increasing access to information and information technology (Darling-Hammond, Zielezinski, & Goldman, 2014; Grinager, 2006).

Darling-Hammond et al. (2014) recommend the following practices to promote optimal learning opportunities for all students: (a) technology access policies should aim for 1:1 computer access and ensure that speedy internet connections are available, (b) policies and practices should favor technology that promotes high levels of interactivity and engagement and that allows for varying learning choices and opportunities, (c) instructional opportunities should enable students to use technology to create content as well as learn material, and (d) learning environments that provide significant and varied levels of teacher support and opportunities for interactions among students as companions to technology use

The first issue many educators currently face is equitable access for students and teachers. Further, uncertainty exists on the type and frequency of professional development for middle level educators that addresses ethical and appropriate use of social networking. Additionally, educators must learn how best to help students navigate safely and monitor students in a virtual environment. Lastly, educators must recognize the possibility for distractions and overstimulation that is often linked to certain types of social media and networking activities (Chen & Bryer, 2012).

Educators and policymakers need to provide the appropriate technology funding and related professional development so students and teachers have the equipment, knowledge, and skills necessary for taking full advantage of what technology can offer.

It is imperative for educators to have professional development opportunities that enable them to learn developmentally appropriate best practices for preparing students

AMLE (NMSA, 2010) believes that middle schools must provide adult advocates to middle school students to guide academic and personal development in an inviting, safe, inclusive, and supportive school environment

Students need to learn how to make great choices about what they share and what are appropriate actions with others, and always review and manage their online reputations in light of others' ability to contribute to that reputation either positively or negatively with a few clicks of the mouse

Edutopia.com, a website published by the George Lucas Educational Foundation and highly regarded by the educational community, provides thoughtful resources on creating social media guidelines for schools.

In tandem, teachers must continue to address the issue of plagiarism including how to determine if sources are credible and having clear and consistent plagiarism policies regularly disseminated to students and parents.

Research suggests that discussions and collaborations are the most common social media classroom strategies (Chen & Bryer, 2012). Frye, Trathen, and Koppenhaver (2010) proclaim that blogs offer students the ability to publish work and comment on others' writing, which increases motivation.

Research shows that social media can increase student learning and engage students who otherwise may be disinterested in the classroom

Social media afford[s] the opportunity for all children with online access to contribute to the world in meaningful ways, do real work for real audiences for real purposes, find great teachers and collaborators from around the world, and become great teachers in their own right. (

By awarding these points, educators are extrinsically motivating students to perform whether they like it or not. In fact, students can be observed ‘gaming the system’ regularly to increase their points scored with questions such as: "Is this going to be on the test?”

our education system is already a game, to a degree, then why not try to amplify the motivational aspects of the game by increasing the amount of gamified elements? As the gaming industry and the gamification of other aspects of life (shopping reward cards, personal fitness badges, etc.) continues to grow, perhaps educators will need to gamify their instruction to engage and motivate the next generation of students.

Do you think that the ‘gamified’ way we have learnt science this year with the videos, interactive electronic book and stars is a better way to learn than more traditional classes that have more lectures? Yes No Number of student responses 14 3

82%, of students responded that they preferred the gamified classroom to a more traditional classroom.

Despife the attempt to motivate with the stars, some students still struggled to be motivated (Student G). Student H struggled to come to terms with the teacher being less prominent out the front of the classroom and directing the passage of learning. They valued the lecture-based component of learning.

y engaging students with a fun and authentic experience that challenges the participant to take control and explore their understandings, while providing meaningful feedback to aid the learning process in a social and collaborative way, we have seen students more excited and motivated to learn.

requires the teacher to yield some control, and that is going to be a challenge for some of us who are more accustomed to holding the reins of facts and chronology pretty tightly.

PBL is most often done in teams, it is always possible for issues of work inequity to arise.