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This article outlines how the study of tourism as an academic field has grown tremendously and experienced rapid changes. The author selected twelve major tourism journals for the research. The twelve journals received a mean quality rating above 3.0 and represented a range of importance ratings. The most frequently published topic area Tourist/Visitor Studies showed the greatest growth during an eleven-year period. The majority of articles used quantitative research designs. A much lower proportion of articles took a qualitative or mixed method approach and the remainder were review of theoretical articles. This study has tracked the rise and fall of various research topics and approaches within the broad area of tourism. It suggests that as the field has grown, research approaches and locations have become more diverse, although there is still a need to challenge some of the established and traditional methods.

This article provides ways Proximity Marketing impacts the shopping experience. This type of marketing helps businesses who have specific locations like hotels, restaurants, retails stores, malls, etc. This type of marketing helps companies connect in real time to customers by providing offers in real time and helping them achieve customer engagement. It also goes into detail about geofacing, loyalty marketing, customer reporting and analytics.

With COVID-19 shutting down businesses across the world or at least taking their work remotely, businesses have left their equipment behind. However, under these restrictions, businesses are still allowed to maintain the condition of their physical plants and equipment.

Hotels POS systems are at risk for customers. Hackers are using tactics like Phishing and ransomware. Hotels must take action and arm themselves with a "toolbelt" of security options to combat the hackers.

This article explores the issues with cyber security in the hotel industry. it is to be taken seriously because customer information is on the line and so is the company's reputation and revenue. Hotels must look into their POS systems because, according to the article, is a weak security point. However, it holds much of the consumer's information like credit card numbers, expiration dates, and etc. The POS system is vulnerable so the secuiry put in place to protect it must be updated. Personal details for hotel guests are stored in many different places in a hotel's many systems. This includes the restaurant, gift shops, billing, facilities, and etc. According to the article, hotels needs a "toolbelt" of various security technologies to prevent malicious attacks. The three mentioned in the article are File Integrity Monitoring, Unified Threat Management, and Security Information and Event Management. Please look into the article to read what each of these systems can do in regards to cyber secuity for the hospitality industry. A good way to implement these tools is to look into outsourcing a managing security firm that specializes in cyber security. This can help minimize and even diminish things that can cause breaches in systems. In my opinion, this article gives solutions to hotels in regards to cyber security. Sometimes installing a firewall or antivirus is simply not enough. A security firm that specializes in this area can be considered. It may be expensive depending on the business to do that, however, it will be even more expensive to have a tarnished reputation for not securing customer information and to deal with lawusuits.

This article focuses on the implementation of the Uniform Systems software, developed by InvoTech Systems Inc., the Kimpton Seafire Resort and Spa in the Cayman Islands. The Uniform Systems software is designed to streamline the management of employee uniforms, which are an extremely necessary commodity at any property, especially luxury products which strive for exceptional appearances. The system both monitors and maintains employee uniform assignments while simultaneously easing uniform purchasing. All of this is achievable by the grand opening of the property, which requires mass assignment and disbursement of employee uniforms. InvoTech prides itself on the expertise, professionalism, and courtesy with which its Installation and Training Team operates. Uniform Systems also follows the trend of environmental consciousness in hospitality by being paperless. Aside from the Kimpton Seafire Resort and Spa, InvoTech's clients include some of the largest names in hospitality, including but not limited to MGM, Ritz-Carlton, Hilton, Hyatt, and Marriott.

IT in hospitality is most depends on the multiple factors:1. we are using methodology to analyze which are the most factors to be easier effected the people who in hospitality. 2. Findings. Only half of independent hotels use any form of information technology.Smaller hotels are less likely to use IT with only 26 per cent of those hotels with less than 20 rooms being users.Factors such as location, i.e. whether a hotel is situated in a rural or urban environment, seem not to affect use. 3. user and non-user. The profile of the hotel manager himself/herself was a significant determinant in the adoption of IT and those managers who do not use IT are generally older and have poor academic qualifications. This indicated that the more young manager or stuff in independent hotel, the most often IT system or hardware and software being used. Those who did not use IT in their hotels gave the main reason for this lack of use as the cost of the systems involved although 58 per cent could perceive a positive benefit provided by a computer system which would indicate an undeveloped market for hardware and software suppliers. Concerns were expressed at the plethora of software and hardware (which made it difficult for non‐users to make a choice), the lack of independent advice, and the difficulty of keeping abreast of technology with the volume of hardware and software emerging daily. This seems to indicate that the fear of making a poor choice prevents some non‐users from making any choice. So it is seems like concerns with the unfamiliar especially in the non touchable IT area, being a barrier for the older manager from independent hotel keep in touch with IT. IT has much to offer in terms of competitive advantage. This survey recommend those non-IT hotel being changed, even with many of the barriers on their face, let the IT come to your life and make your business more easier and profitable. If we intend to get the survey as more specific as we can, which means we

Tech innovations are the essential part of the Hospitality Industry. In the article the author tells us about the top hotel tech trends for 2016 which impact the industry: -new security measures, which is very important due to possible breaches -wearable tech, with just a wave of your wrist you can check in or enter your room -self service check-in, which ease the process -cloud computing, which cuts costs and flexible -presence on social-media, engaging with customers is very important -native mobile apps -continued technology development All these trends play a very important role in improving relationships between hotel and guest.

This article is explaining some of the new trends that hotels are finally catching up on. For example, self service check in took a while to catch on but with hotels using it now, it reduces wait times for customers and increases satisfaction.

Relatively speaking, GDS's have been around for a while now, with iterations stretching back a few decades now. SiteMinder has worked to integrate cloud technology into traditional GDS models to streamline distribution. They have had strong success, powering over 200,000 reservations in the past year, generating over $60 million in hotel revenue. Over 900 hotels are now poised to receive SiteMinder services, making them the industry leading GDS cloud platform. To date, SiteMinder is represented in the globe's most influential cities, including New York, Los Angeles, London, Honk Kong, Paris, Munich, and Sydney. GDS technology has come a long way from the early models that airlines used solely for in-house purposes. New GDS's such as SiteMinder are both a testament to adaptation and the appeal of cloud technology.

This article talks about how events constitute an invaluable source of information that can be utilized in a number of business processes such as fact finding and decision making. It talks about how various laws also mandate that logs have to be maintained and reviewed. Events are records generated and stored in specific locations by processes within a computer system. Events are triggered either by a user or by an automatic/background process. An example would be the installation of new software generates a wide range of events detailing the installation procedures and the file details. Events management is the management, analysis and reporting process involved in the management of computer and user generated events data and the logs within which the generated events are stored. A main purpose of events monitoring is legal compliance. The article talks about legal compliance which has current laws and regulations oblige corporations to assess their internal control architecture on a regular basis. As a subset of information system security, employee performance metrics can be used to measure employee resource use against configurable rules and rule sets. This article explains modern day card and keyless access systems, PABX or VOIP systems are all integrated to operate over the corporate network and most of them generate a log that can be used with GFI EventsManager. Reducing system downtime to a minimum is critical to organizations, since it leads to customer attrition, loss of brand reliability and revenue.

This article was very interesting because it provided us with 5 different strategies to effectively use e-marketing for hotels. The five strategies they come up with are: Optimize your website for search engines, Strengthen your local SEO, Encourage interaction on social media, Educate guests with content marketing, and Dominate your competitors with PPC. All of these are very helpful hints that we might have heard of before, but it is crucial to go more in depth. I found very interesting that all of them are free except for the last one that requires a bit of an investment.

Sam Colt wrote an article for Business Insider titled Tablets Are Making Waiters Obsolete - An Chilli's Is Leading The Way. This article bothered me a bit, because knowing what I know about Hospitality we build our brand around customer service and customer satisfaction and how can we do that if we are eliminating the person to person interaction. In his article Colt mentioned Chili's "has recently introduced tablets in dining rooms nationwide that customers can use to place orders, browse the menu, and entertain otherwise noisy children". I understand the thought behind keeping your guests entertain while they wait for service; however, I believe it should be just that, entertainment not self-service. Dine in restaurants should not be treated like a fast food restaurant and guests should expect a reasonable wait time. Having that person to person interaction makes a dining experience more enjoyable. E la Carte co-founder and CEO Rajat Suri argued "if someone does not want to spend time with a server, they're going to ignore the server anyways." My thoughts are why would you dine in a restaurant if you do not want to be severed, why not go to a fast food restaurant. Chili's states the tablets are solely for increasing customer satisfaction and increase revenue and suggests the tablets are making the life of waiters better.

The article talks about Green initiatives on a global scale. The hospitality tourism industry sees a possible path of development in building a tourist environmental friendly location. The companies are increasingly aware of the great potential lying in the relationship between tourism and the natural environment within the cities. The article also explains how urban green tourism is greatly responsible in making the city enjoyable to all citizens, tourists and investors to spread the benefits of urban tourism to its surroundings. This will impact the relevance of cultural resources, minimum environmental impact and maximum environmental sustainability. In reading the article, I believe the ecological and landscape values are a significant part of their endogenous capital which could stimulate their socio-economic development in which urban green tourism would play a vital role.

This article is very interesting because it talks about the green initiatives restaurants want to take. It is very important for the hospitality industry to be pioneers to taking green initiatives using IT. It is beneficial not only to the environment, but also to the customers to operate more efficiently. This change will help future generations. Business as usual will not be acceptable or will be less profitable. Companies need to react to the new trends of eco friendly products and services.

This article describes how many restaurants are now adding tablets to their POS systems. Major chains, such as Applebee's, TGI Friday's, and Outback Steakhouse, are now using these tablets at many of their tables. The article suggests that the servers' tips are either staying the same or increasing due to the ability of the customer to merely tap a 20% tip. Also, the article suggests that sales for the restaurant have increased and labor costs have decreased. It appears that this trend will continue to increase in restaurants.

I found this article very interesting because it gives us a walk through of the evolution of POS in the hospitality industry. Since the very beginning hotels and restaurants have relied on keeping record and storing data. Throughout the years there have been great breakthroughs that have made the life of the employees easier as well as lead to greater productivity. It makes me happy and feel very fortunate to live in times where work has been facilitated and has made work for efficient and reliable. I am sure that there is still much work to be done and many adjustments to be made but we are on a good path.

I like your reflection about the article very much because as you mentioned "it walk you through" the different stages of technology through time. Our industry had evolute from the paper record keeper all the way to a very efficient data storage and operating systems. I cannot even imagine what the future will withhold for the lodging industry.

This article describes how technology will affect accounting system, and the reason to adapt new technology. The world has been dramatically changed over 20years. Paper was dominant back in 1990' but now most jobs are done by computer and Internet, and furthermore, the monthly fee for the Internet has been going down a lot. Everyone in the world enjoys the advantages of the Internet, and job efficiency increases. Especially, this article said technology will impact accounting profession a lot in the future. When we consider the current technology development in accounting area, the Web, mobile and social media have had a huge impact on company's operation. This article introduces that artificial intelligence(AI), cognitive computing/machine learning, natural language processing and blockchain will be adapted highly in next 20 years. For example, tax systems will guide us through the calculations and highlighting review section, and provide advice. A Huge amount of data will be collected and generate real meaning about the data and guide the business. Furthermore, continuous and real-time audit will be available. Fraud detection also will be faster and easier. As can be seen here, the profession will evolve very rapidly in next 20 years, which means it will be completely different from what we see today. This disruption challenges us to catch up with the fast pace of change but the potential of new technology provides opportunity, so adjustment for new pace is needed.

This article is talking about wireless internet becomes more and more important in the hotel industry. They provide some of the key considerations for the hoteliers that help the hotel to ensure they can meet the demands of their customers. There's a big demand for wireless access to hotels. Every customer would like to choose a hotel with a Wi-Fi service. Wireless become very necessary in the hospitality industry. The best wireless service that can help the hotel create the loyalty customers. Wi-Fi has become a standard amenity, therefore, the hotel has to find affordable and non-disruptive solutions to meet customers wants and needs. Currently, customers would like to use the smart phone and their computer to watch videos rather than watch TV. They are not just sending email and web surfing anymore. There have a strong needs of the best internet from the hotels. The articles showed us couple challenge of wireless in the hotel. First of all, weak cellular signal strength. In many hotels, for guests, it's not always can find the signal of their cell phone, especially in urban area. The customers can't have a good voice communication with others. Maybe because the location of that room in the corner and there have something will disturb the signals or building construction that will interrupt the signal as well. The solution of the cellular signal strength is "Make provision for both voice and data signals to be amplified." To installing that equipment that always needs the hotel to run a new cable in order to provide the good signals for the guest used. The second challenge for the hotels is "Cellular Network Capacity Issue". Since cellular companies continue selling the device for many years without expanding their network to meet their demand. For example, AT&T is the first company that realized this issues when there are sell iPhone and another cellular. Thus, it's very important that each device support connection to the internet by use Wi-Fi withou

Three more hotel companies have selected Aptech's PVNG Enterprise Back Office System. PVNG is a browser-based accounting solution, which is simple, easy to navigate, and specifically streamlined for hospitality. One hotelier cites the ability of PVNG to downsize the accounting staff, which enables him to move more staff to guest services--the most fundamental part of any hospitality operation. The creator of PVNG, Aptech Computer Systems, is an IBM Premier Business Partner that purveys programs exclusively for use in hospitality. Aptech systems can be deployed either on site or via the cloud, offering tremendous flexibility for a company's portfolio.

OYO Hotels & Homes was a young hotel startup in 2013. Now it holds 44,000 locations and over 1.2 million in rooms. Sabre Corporation is one of the leaders in technology and software that powers the global travel industry. Sabre's SynXis increases efficiency by delivering rates and inventory to all major GDS systems and OTAs directly to partners. OYO Hotel & Homes connected its first group of hotels to Sabre's SynXis. This partnership with Sabre has given OYO the global tools to reach a global market. The platform has given them the power to book through Sabre's own GDS as well as others, corporates, travel management companies, and almost 900,000 travel agents and tour operators.