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Xander Kleiber

Energy-efficient computing | MIT Energy Initiative - 2 views

energy.mit.edu/...energy-efficient-computing

potential research idea computer science engineering HSR HSR-2023

shared by Xander Kleiber on 05 Jun 23 - No Cached
Sean Nash liked it
  • 1’s are literally thrown away, and that wasted energy is dissipated as heat.
    • Xander Kleiber
      Xander Kleiber on 05 Jun 23
       
      In logic gates specifically, because there are cases where a 1 goes in and a 0 can come out, that 1 (directly represented by electrical voltage) gets wasted in the computation and is released as heat.
  • the inputs are 1-0 and 0-1, and the output is 1-0. That setup is wasteful: An incoming 1 is lost during the computation. The researchers solve that problem by retaining the extra inputs as “garbage bits” that carry useless information (see the bottom example). The 1-0 order doesn’t matter, but now the number of 1’s is preserved after the computation.
    • Xander Kleiber
      Xander Kleiber on 05 Jun 23
       
      Seems like a great way to solve the issue. However, I don't see anywhere else in the article any sort of actual circuit design/implementation of said solution...
  • On the energy front, the goal is to conserve all information—not just the 1’s but the 0’s as well. Their approach is based on “reversible computing,” an idea first proposed in the 1970s.
    • Xander Kleiber
      Xander Kleiber on 05 Jun 23
       
      Expanded upon later.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • “If you can play everything backwards, then no energy has escaped during your computation,” says Demaine.
    • Xander Kleiber
      Xander Kleiber on 05 Jun 23
       
      So in reversible computing, if an algorithm can be reversed, that means no information (and therefore no 1's, or measures of voltage) are wasted, resulting in an even lower production of waste.
  • Xander Kleiber on 05 Jun 23
     
    Overall, this seems like a decent course of study. After all, mentioned throughout the article is something called "Landauer's limit," which is a limit to the efficiency of computing devices using the current, wasteful methods. Also mentioned briefly in the article is that we are continually getting much closer to this limit. This makes it a timely issue, along with the fact that not many people have elaborated on its implications or tried implementing it.
  • Sean Nash on 06 Jun 23
     
    This is really interesting... though I'm sure I would benefit from a back-and-forth conversation to make sure I'm understanding what I think I am.
Sean Nash

Satellite Monitoring of Biodiversity Moves Within Reach | Current Science Daily - 2 views

currentsciencedaily.com/...iodiversity-moves-within-reach

HSR-2023 HSR statistical analysis mathematics computer science botany environmental science biology satellite monitoring biodiversity current potential research idea

shared by Sean Nash on 15 Jun 23 - No Cached
  • Data for the study came from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). The network uses standardized methods to collect biodiversity and Earth observation data across the United States which are then made publicly available. NEON imaging spectrometer data collected from research flights have a pixel size of 1x1 meter.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 15 Jun 23
       
      I wonder if any of the imagery they have is: 1. Accessible by us, and 2. Available for our area. If so, it might be as simple as doing plant diversity surveys to look for ground truth in our area (young forests & grasslands) between what is REALLY on the ground here, vs. what the satellite imagery shows.
  • Biodiversity monitoring from space possible via satellite
  • The reflectance of plants is determined by their chemical, anatomical and morphological characteristics, which are important for interactions among plants and with their environment. “Plants with similar traits, as well as closely related species, therefore tend to have similar reflectance spectra,” explains Schweiger.
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  • Spectral diversity calculated in forests with closed canopies and large individual trees matched plant diversity determined on the ground better than spectral diversity calculated in open landscapes dominated by small herbaceous plants and grasses.
Sean Nash

"I Wonder...": Reconnecting with Our Natural Curiosity - YouTube - 0 views

www.youtube.com/watch

projectdevelopment curiosity wonder nature of science science SCI-I questioning HSRTC SFS potential research idea biology chemistry physics engineering computer science mathematics statistical analysis questions botany environmental HSR HSR-2023

shared by Sean Nash on 23 Jun 23 - No Cached
ryleighnyp liked it
  • Reconnecting with Our Natural Curiosity
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 23 Jun 23
       
      This is Caitlyn with the Society for Science (the group that sponsors the ISEF & RTS. I saw her give this talk in person last October. she gives some really good suggestions for reconnecting to the curiosity and wonder of your childhood. It is THIS skill that separates the typical student from the creative mind of a scientist. Will YOU try out any of her suggestions??
Sean Nash

Creating an ocean of data with the help of underwater robots | Dropbox Blog - 0 views

blog.dropbox.com/...-the-help-of-underwater-robots

oceans marinebiology data bigdata analysis HSR HSR-2023 science statistical analysis mathematics computer science environmental potential research idea biology ocean

shared by Sean Nash on 04 Mar 24 - No Cached
  • Sean Nash on 04 Mar 24
     
    (not all scientific analysis must be done using data YOU have collected!)
Sean Nash

Airplane Noise Exposure May Increase Risk of Chronic Disease | SPH - 0 views

www.bu.edu/...crease-risk-of-chronic-disease

HSR HSR-2025 airplane noise disease environmental science questions statistical analysis mathematics computer science potential research idea behavioralscience

shared by Sean Nash on 06 Jun 24 - No Cached
  • “Prior research has shown that aircraft noise can elevate stress responses and disturb sleep, but there has been mixed evidence of any links with body mass index,” says study lead and corresponding author Matthew Bozigar, assistant professor of epidemiology at OSU and a former postdoctoral associate at SPH. “We were surprised to see a fairly robust link between aircraft noise and higher body mass index among women across the US.”
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 06 Jun 24
       
      Again, this reminds me of the UCSD juncos and the increased stressors they must endure to live in an urban environment. However, we must remember that just because their emerging population in and around the UCSD campus is successful, it comes with a cost of shorter lifespans, increased mortality, etc. Very interesting stuff.
  • These new findings underscore the role of the environment on one’s risk of chronic disease.
  • Junenette Peters, associate professor of environmental health, and colleagues examined airplane noise exposure and self-reported BMI and other individual characteristics among nearly 75,000 participants living around 90 of the major US airports
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  • The team examined aircraft noise levels every five years from 1995 to 2010, using a day-night estimate (DNL) that captures the average noise level over a 24-hour period and applies a 10 dB adjustment for aircraft noise occurring at night, when background noise is low.
  • Although the team acknowledges that BMI is a suboptimal metric, the independent and strong association between more aircraft noise exposure and higher BMI that they observed is notable.
  • “We can only hypothesize about why we saw these regional variations, but one reason may relate to the era of regional development, building characteristics, and climate which may affect factors such as housing age, design, and level of insulation,” says Peters. “Regional differences in temperature and humidity may influence behaviors such as window opening, so perhaps study participants living in the West were more exposed to aircraft noise due to open windows or housing type, which allowed more noise to penetrate.”
  • Previous data suggest that Black, Hispanic, and low-income populations are disproportionately exposed to aircraft noise. The participants in the NHS study groups were primarily White and of mid-level socioeconomic status. 
  • “We need to study the potential health impacts of environmental injustices in transportation noise exposures alongside other environmental drivers of poor health outcomes” Bozigar says. “There is a lot more to figure out, but this study adds evidence to a growing body of literature that noise negatively impacts health.”
Sean Nash

Mysterious Underwater Acoustic World of British Ponds Revealed in New Study | Current S... - 3 views

currentsciencedaily.com/...sh-ponds-revealed-in-new-study

hydrophone sound survey pond potential research idea biology physics computer science environmental science HSR HSR-2023

shared by Sean Nash on 04 Jun 23 - No Cached
  • The previously hidden and diverse underwater acoustic world in British ponds has been revealed by a team of researchers at the University of Bristol.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 04 Jun 23
       
      So... my immediate thought is: How cool would it be to do this here? One thing we DO have: PONDS. See if this *sounds* interesting. Get it? ;)
  • Acoustic monitoring has been shown to effectively survey birds and monkeys in rainforests, and marine mammals in the oceans. However, freshwater environments have remained largely unexplored despite their diverse soundscapes.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 04 Jun 23
       
      BOOM. Again, "relatively unexplored" is super exciting verbiage to me. Acoustics. Hydrophones. Is this feasible? Is the equipment affordable? If not, could we borrow one? Dig into it. What are the possibilities?
  • analysis of the audio files revealed clear daily acoustic activity cycles in each pond
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 04 Jun 23
       
      Aside from the exploratory surveys you would do just to see "what's out there" and assess what we CAN learn from listening to a pond, you could make it experimental by comparing ponds you've assessed the health of by other means. In other words, do acoustic comparisons between two ponds correlate with what you find by doing a macroinvertebrate sampling? I really LIKE the possibilities in this one!
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  • Typically, a nocturnal chorus is made by aquatic insects that compete to attract mates by producing strange scratching sounds as they rub their genitals against their abdomens. During the daytime, however, aquatic plants dominate the underwater orchestra with rhythmic whining and ticking sounds produced as tiny oxygen bubbles are released by plants respiring in the hot sun.
  • Using this acoustic method, the presence of species, and a determination of ecological health, can be inferred simply by listening to the natural world without disturbing the environment or harming the plants and animals within it.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 04 Jun 23
       
      Here is the obvious value proposition if you could work this out.
  • Publication: Jack A. Greenhalgh, et al., Diel variation in insect-dominated temperate pond soundscapes and guidelines for survey design, Freshwater Biology (2023). DOI: 10.1111/fwb.14092.
    • Sean Nash
      Sean Nash on 04 Jun 23
       
      BEST THING YET: Here is the FULL TEXT of the actual research paper!
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